The relative frequency of paediatric oral and maxillofacial pathology in New Zealand: A 10-year review of a national specialist centre

Audit of oral neoplasms in children and young adults in Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Orofacial neoplasms in children and young adults may differ significantly from those observed in adults. Our aim was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of histologically diagnosed orofacial neoplasms among children and young adults in Nigeria.

METHODS

This was a multicenter cross-sectional study across geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Annual reports of clinical information and surgical biopsies submitted at the Oral Pathology Laboratory, clinic day registries, surgical day case registries and operative theatre registries were retrieved from January 2008 to March 2024. The relevant demographic data were obtained for each patient. The study subjects were categorized by age into children, adolescents and young adults. Tissue involvement was classified as soft tissue involvement, bony involvement or both soft tissue and bony involvement. The site and behaviour of the lesions were subdivided according to the ICD-10 codes. Statistical analysis was performed via the R programming language.

RESULTS

A total of 1889 cases were observed during the period under review, with a mean age of 15 years. Cases were more common in females (52%) and in young adults (47%). Most cases were benign neoplasms (85%), and bony affectation (54%) was slightly predominant. Odontogenic tumours (38%) and fibro-osseous lesions (20%) were the most common category of lesions observed, whereas salivary gland tumours (2.2%) and neoplasms of epithelial origin (2.5%) were the least common. Neoplasms in children involved mostly soft tissues, whereas those in adolescents and young adults had a preference for bone (p < 0.001). In all age groups, benign lesions were mostly observed in the mouth and pharynx. For malignant lesions, in children, the bones of the skull and face were mostly involved, whereas in adolescents, the mandible was the predominant site (p < 0.001). In children, mesenchymal neoplasms were the most prevalent category of lesions, whereas in both adolescents and young adults, odontogenic tumours were more common. The proportion of malignant neoplasms in males was significantly greater than that in females (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

This study revealed that although most biopsied orofacial lesions were more often benign, the proportion of malignant neoplasms in this population was greater than that previously reported.

The spectrum and frequency of histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases in Oslo: Implications to oral pathology syllabus

INTRODUCTION

To assure knowledge and skills in diagnostic work of oral diseases a continuously updated curriculum is essential. The first aim of the present study was to evaluate the spectrum and frequency of oral histopathological diagnoses signed out by oral pathologists at the Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Norway during a two-year period. The second aim was to compare the spectrum of histopathological diagnoses with the content of the current syllabus in oral pathology at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo (UiO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, all histological diagnosis signed out during 2015 and 2016 were included. All histopathological reports were analysed with regard to clinical information and histopathological diagnosis. The spectrum of histopathological diagnoses was compared to the diagnoses presented in lectures and courses for dental and dental hygienist students at UiO.

RESULTS

Three thousand four hundred and two histopathological reports (47% males and 53% females) were included. The diagnoses were categorised into eight disease groups and the three most frequent disease groups were cysts, benign tumours/reactive lesions, and white, red, ulcerative and vesiculobullous lesions. The lateral periodontal cyst was more frequent than expected.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that a minor revision of the syllabus is needed, although the most frequent oral conditions presented in this study are well covered in the oral pathology teaching in Oslo. A more clinical related teaching approach should be considered by categorising oral diseases according to, for example location and age groups.

Histopathological diagnosis in pediatric stomatology: A 43-year retrospective study of 1,480 cases from a Brazilian institution

OBJECTIVES

the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of histopathological diagnoses in oral biopsied tissues obtained from a Brazilian pediatric population.

METHODS

an analytical, cross-sectional retrospective study was performed with biopsy files of patients ≤14 years of age from a Brazilian oral pathology laboratory over a 43-year period. Data included sex, age, location, and diagnoses. The prevalence was calculated by means of relative frequency. Associations between sex, age groups and diagnoses were verified with Pearson's chi-square test.

RESULTS

from 19,456 oral biopsies, 1480 (7.6%) were obtained from patients aged ≤14 years. Most children were 10-14 years of age (60.1%) and females (55.1%), with an overall M:F of 1:1.2. Children aged 0-9 years and males had a higher frequency of lesions of the oral mucosa, whilst the 10-14 year age group showed a higher frequency of cysts, odontogenic tumors, and salivary gland lesions. The latter was also significantly higher in females. Samples consisted mostly of soft tissue lesions (53%) obtained from the lower lip (30.7%). Intraosseous lesions showed a slight predilection for the mandible (21.2%). Salivary gland lesions (28.8%) was the most common diagnostic category, followed by reactive lesions (18.8%), and cysts (16.1%). Mucocele (33.5%), dentigerous cyst (6.7%), and fibrous hyperplasia (5.9%) were the top three histopathological diagnoses. Malignant lesions affected only 0.9% of this population.

CONCLUSION

our results were similar to other retrospective studies. Due to the low frequency of oral biopsies in children, data on the prevalence of oral pathology in this population might aid in the clinical and histopathologic diagnoses.

A Rare Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Internal Auditory Canal

Pleomorphic adenoma is a common tumor of the salivary gland tumor, but it is rare in the ear. To the authors' knowledge, this patient is the first reported case of pleomorphic adenoma arising in the internal auditory canal. There have been few documents reporting the manifestations and the therapy strategy of this disease. This study clearly demonstrated the experience in treating pleomorphic adenoma, including the characteristics of the clinical manifestation, the key procedures of surgery, and key points of the diagnosis. The translabyrinthine approach under the microscope performed to remove this tumor is a good option for resecting this type of tumor.

Acute Oral Lesions

A variety of acute oral lesions may be encountered in the scope of dermatology. Oral lesions may be single or multiple; may arise secondary to infectious, immune, congenital, medication use, or idiopathic causes; and may take a variety of forms. A thorough evaluation of the oral cavity is required to assess patients with oral lesions. Affected patients may be monitored, treated, or referred to an appropriate specialist for further management as needed. Many acute oral lesions are self-limiting in nature and patients may require only assessment and reassurance. Several common acute oral lesions are discussed in this article.

A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial biopsied specimens in Malaysian newborns and infants

BACKGROUND

Globally, research on oral and maxillofacial lesions among newborns and infants remains limited.

AIM

To describe demographic patterns, histopathological findings, and locations of oral and maxillofacial lesions in newborns (birth-1 month) and infants (>1 month-2 years) reported over 51 years.

DESIGN

A retrospective cross-sectional study on histopathological records of newborns and infants was conducted. Patients' demographic characteristics (age, gender, and race), histopathological diagnosis, and lesion's location were gathered. Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test was performed to determine associations between demographic characteristics and different categories of lesions.

RESULTS

Out of 66,546 specimens received, 0.44% (290 specimens) were from patients aged 2 years and younger (27 newborns and 263 infants). The most common category was inflammatory/reactive (44.2%), followed by tumour/tumour-like (42.0%), cystic/pseudocystic (6.6%), and miscellaneous lesions (5.5%). Mucous extravasation cysts (23.4%) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (7.2%) were the most common histopathological diagnoses. Tumour/tumour-like lesions were significant in newborns (P = .021), and majority were congenital epulis (40.7%). Inflammatory/reactive lesions were significantly higher in male (P = .025) and infants (P = <.001) with predominant incidences of mucous extravasation cysts (24.7%). There was a more than one ten probability of malignant lesions (11.4%).

CONCLUSION

Routine clinical head and neck examinations in newborns and infants are the key to early detection of lesions.