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Kajon AE. Adenovirus infections: new insights for the clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2024:e0083622. [PMID: 39189703 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00836-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1953, research on human adenoviruses (HAdVs) has had diverse foci, resulted in groundbreaking discoveries, such as gene splicing, and generated powerful oncolytic constructs and expression vectors for vaccine development and gene therapy. In contrast, virologists working in this field have made relatively little progress toward the prevention and treatment of the wide spectrum of HAdV-associated diseases. The understanding of species-specific features of viral pathogenesis, or of the mechanisms underlying the establishment of latency and reactivation, is still limited. This group of viruses currently comprises 7 species, 51 serotypes, and 116 unique genotypes. This complexity manifests with a challenging pathophenotypic diversity. Some types are highly virulent, and others do not seem to cause disease in immunocompetent hosts. The assessment of viral load in blood and respiratory specimens has well-acknowledged clinical utility, but the lack of virus typing capabilities easily implementable in clinical laboratories represents a lingering major limitation to the interpretation of positive tests. Some HAdV infections do have severe consequences for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and the understanding of why this is the case will require more research. Clinical isolates and collections of positive specimens can provide unique resources to investigate the molecular bases of viral virulence and fitness and also help gather information of spatial-temporal patterns of viral circulation in susceptible communities, but they are extremely scarce. Clinical laboratories are underutilized interfaces between patients and academic scientists and have, therefore, a high potential to become valuable collaborators in research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Kajon
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Qin J, Yan T, Yin L, Yang C, Wang L, Qiu H, Hu Y, Xu B. Detection of human adenoviruses in influenza-negative patients with respiratory tract infections in Nanning, China. Virol J 2023; 20:171. [PMID: 37533080 PMCID: PMC10398977 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses (HAdV) have been known to cause a range of diseases, including respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, there is limited information available regarding the genotype diversity and epidemiology of HAdV associated with RTIs in Nanning. METHODS Between June 2019 and December 2021, throat swab, nasal swab, or nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from individuals hospitalized with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Statistical software was used to analyze the epidemiological data. The highly conserved 132-bp gene region of the HAdV hexon was targeted for the detection of HAdV using a qPCR assay. An 875-bp hexon gene fragment was subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Significant variations were observed in the age and gender distribution of HAdV-positive patients (P = 0.004 and P = 0.025, respectively). The age distribution of HAdV-positive patients showed that 67.89% of those who tested positive were the age group of 0-6 years. Furthermore, the prevalence of HAdV detection was highest during spring and autumn, with a peak in February. Additionally, genotyping of the 36 HAdV-positive samples with 875-bp fragments identified the presence of circulating HAdV species B, C, and E in Nanning between 2019 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS This study identified an association between HAdV prevalence and age as well as season. Among hospitalized patients with RTIs in Nanning, HAdV-B, HAdV-C, and HAdV-E were found to be co-circulating. The most commonly detected genotypes were HAdV-C1, HAdV-C6, and HAdV-E4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Qin
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Tengyue Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liujiang Yin
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China.
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3
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Probst V, Spieker AJ, Stopczynski T, Stewart LS, Haddadin Z, Selvarangan R, Harrison CJ, Schuster JE, Staat MA, McNeal M, Weinberg GA, Szilagyi PG, Boom JA, Sahni LC, Piedra PA, Englund JA, Klein EJ, Michaels MG, Williams JV, Campbell AP, Patel M, Gerber SI, Halasa NB. Clinical Presentation and Severity of Adenovirus Detection Alone vs Adenovirus Co-detection With Other Respiratory Viruses in US Children With Acute Respiratory Illness from 2016 to 2018. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:430-439. [PMID: 35849119 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) is commonly associated with acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children and is also frequently co-detected with other viral pathogens. We compared clinical presentation and outcomes in young children with HAdV detected alone vs co-detected with other respiratory viruses. METHODS We used data from a multicenter, prospective, viral surveillance study of children seen in the emergency department and inpatient pediatric settings at seven US sites. Children less than 18 years old with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled between 12/1/16 and 10/31/18 and tested by molecular methods for HAdV, human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza (PIV, types 1-4), influenza (flu, types A-C), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Our primary measure of illness severity was hospitalization; among hospitalized children, secondary severity outcomes included oxygen support and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS Of the 18,603 children enrolled, HAdV was detected in 1,136 (6.1%), among whom 646 (56.9%) had co-detection with at least one other respiratory virus. HRV/EV (n = 293, 45.3%) and RSV (n = 123, 19.0%) were the most frequent co-detections. Children with HRV/EV (aOR = 1.61; 95% CI = [1.11-2.34]), RSV (aOR = 4.48; 95% CI = [2.81-7.14]), HMPV (aOR = 3.39; 95% CI = [1.69-6.77]), or ≥ 2 co-detections (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI = [1.14-3.36]) had higher odds of hospitalization compared to children with HAdV alone. Among hospitalized children, HAdV co-detection with RSV or HMPV was each associated with higher odds of oxygen support, while co-detection with PIV or influenza viruses was each associated with higher mean LOS. CONCLUSIONS HAdV co-detection with other respiratory viruses was associated with greater disease severity among children with ARI compared to HAdV detection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Probst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew J Spieker
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tess Stopczynski
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laura S Stewart
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zaid Haddadin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rangaraj Selvarangan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City and Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher J Harrison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City and Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City and Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary A Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Monica McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter G Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital and University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julie A Boom
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leila C Sahni
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pedro A Piedra
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eileen J Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marian G Michaels
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angela P Campbell
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manish Patel
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan I Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Coles C, Ottolini MG. Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program: Building the Bench. Mil Med 2020; 184:66-70. [PMID: 31778195 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of physicians in the U.S. Armed Forces is diverse, encompassing a wide array of skills and responsibilities to provide superior healthcare to their patients and to advance military medicine. In addition to healthcare delivery and medical education, military physicians are engaged in public health, operational medicine, and cutting-edge medical research. Thus, clinical research is a crucial component of Graduate Medical Education (GME) and supports critical thinking (knowledge, skills, and abilities) and the development of leadership skills among U.S. military physicians. The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) education mission was established in 2005 with the overall goal of supporting the development and training of the next generation of clinical researchers in infectious diseases and related public health disciplines in the Armed Forces using several strategies, including didactic learning, mentored research, and research engagement. Through involvement in the IDCRP, infectious disease fellows, residents (e.g., surgical, internal medicine, and pediatrics), and Master of Public Health (MPH) students have continued their education and gained valuable skills related to clinical research. Trainees either conduct research with IDCRP mentors or participate in IDCRP-led practicum experiences, with research projects ranging from epidemiologic studies to microbiological assessments. Consistent with the needs of the Military Health System (MHS), and in accordance with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education goals, the IDCRP provides opportunities for medical and graduate students, residents, and infectious disease fellows to conduct mentored research within the MHS, as well as gain important leadership skills in the conduct of clinical research. Overall, IDCRP continues to further infectious disease research through the support and education of the next generation of active-duty infectious disease researchers in the MHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Coles
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Martin G Ottolini
- Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Coles C, Millar EV, Burgess T, Ottolini MG. The Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium: A Multi-Site, Multi-Disciplinary Clinical Research Network in the Department of Defense. Mil Med 2020; 184:44-50. [PMID: 31778194 PMCID: PMC6886571 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute respiratory infections (ARI) result in substantial annual morbidity among military personnel and decrease operational readiness. Herein, we summarize the research efforts of the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) related to ARIs. Methods The ARI Research Area of the IDCRP was established in response to the 2009 emergence of pandemic influenza A/H1N1. That year, IDCRP investigators deployed the ARI Consortium Natural History Study (ARIC NHS), a multi-centered, longitudinal observational study to assess etiology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in the U.S. military. The success of this initial effort spurred implementation of several new initiatives. These include the FluPlasma trial, designed to evaluate the efficacy of hyperimmune anti-influenza plasma for the treatment of severe influenza; the self-administered live-attenuated influenza vaccine (SNIF) trial, which assessed the immunogenicity and acceptance of a self-administered live-attenuated influenza vaccine in military personnel; the Study to Address Threats of ARI in Congregate Military Populations (ATARI), a prospective study of ILI transmission, etiology and epidemiology in recruits; and the Flu Breath Test (FBT) study, a preliminary study of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOC) in influenza patients. In addition, the InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) survey, a daily diary to measure influenza symptoms during clinical trials, was developed. Lastly, the Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD (PAIVED) study, a two-year randomized trial designed to compare the effectiveness of the three types of licensed vaccines, launched in Fall 2018. Results The on-going ARIC NHS has enrolled over 2000 ILI and SARI cases since its inception, providing data on burden and clinical manifestations of ARI in military personnel and their families. The FluPlasma 2 trial concluded subject enrollment in 2018. Preliminary results from ATARI study show a high frequency of respiratory viruses circulating during the first two weeks of recruit training. Based on assessment of FLU-PRO responses, which were found to be reliable and reproducible, the survey may be a useful tool in clinical trials and epidemiological studies. The Flu Breath Study will complete enrollment in 2019. Findings from PAIVED are intended to provide evidence needed for assessing influenza vaccination policy in the military. Conclusions The ARI burden in the armed services remains significant every year and the threat is dynamic given emergent and evolving threats, such as influenzas. With strong successes to date, future initiatives of the ARI Research Area will focus on interventional studies, ARI transmission dynamics in congregate military settings, and determinants of risk of pandemic influenza and other emergent respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Coles
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Eugene V Millar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Timothy Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Martin G Ottolini
- Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Gentile G, Fréchard G, Dia A, Buzens A, Vives R, Jego M, Pommier de Santi V, Simon F. Incidence of acute respiratory tract infections (2006-2015) and influenza (2006-2013) among French armed forces. Med Mal Infect 2019; 50:689-695. [PMID: 31759689 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the incidence of respiratory tract infections in military settings between 2006 and 2015. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective epidemiological study of the entire military population from 2006 to 2015. Comprehensive data was collected from all medical centers, operational medical units, naval services, and army training hospitals and provided by the epidemiological surveillance of the armies. RESULTS The annual average population of the study was 331,394 soldiers. For acute respiratory tract infections (2006-2015), 22,818 cases were reported in metropolitan France, 3,211 cases in French overseas territories, 1,595 cases in the French Navy, and 1,318 cases in external military operations for a total of 28,942 cases. For influenza (2006-2013), 934 cases were reported in metropolitan France, 101 cases in French overseas territories, and 23 cases in external operations, for a total of 1,058 cases. The mean incidence rate of acute respiratory tract infections expressed as case number per 1,000 person-years (PY) was 8.7 PY (95% CI [8.6-8.8]) with an exceptional increased incidence rate in 2009 (25.9 PY, 95% CI [25.4-26.4]). The mean incidence rate of influenza was 0.35 PY (95% CI [0.33-0.37]) with a peak incidence rate of 1.9 PY in 2009. CONCLUSION Acute respiratory tract infections are at the forefront of infectious episodes in the French armies. Although not necessarily severe, current prevention measures are not enough to reduce the incidence threshold of these infections and need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gentile
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, faculté de médecine, Aix Marseille université, 13885 Marseille, France; Inserm 1106, Institut des neurosciences des systèmes, Aix Marseille université, 13885 Marseille, France; Comité pédagogique, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Laveran, 13384 Marseille, France.
| | - G Fréchard
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, faculté de médecine, Aix Marseille université, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - A Dia
- Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, 13014 Marseille, France
| | - A Buzens
- Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, 13014 Marseille, France
| | - R Vives
- Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, 13014 Marseille, France
| | - M Jego
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, faculté de médecine, Aix Marseille université, 13885 Marseille, France; Centre d'études et de recherche sur les services de santé et qualité de vie (CERESS), Aix Marseille université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - V Pommier de Santi
- Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, 13014 Marseille, France
| | - F Simon
- Comité pédagogique, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Laveran, 13384 Marseille, France; Department of infectious diseases and tropical medicine, Laveran military teaching hospital, 13384 Marseille, France
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Yao LH, Wang C, Wei TL, Wang H, Ma FL, Zheng LS. Human adenovirus among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Beijing, China, 2017-2018. Virol J 2019; 16:78. [PMID: 31196108 PMCID: PMC6567909 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases. However, the genotype diversity and epidemiological information relating to HAdVs among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is limited. Here, we describe the epidemiology and genotype distribution of HAdVs associated with RTIs in Beijing, China. METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected from hospitalized children with RTIs from April 2017 to March 2018. HAdVs were detected by a TaqMan-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. Epidemiological data were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 21.0 software. RESULTS HAdV was detected in 72 (5.64%) of the 1276 NPA specimens, with most (86.11%, 62/72) HAdV-positives cases detected among children < 6 years of age. HAdV-B3 (56.06%, 37/66) and HAdV-C2 (19.70%, 13/66) were the most frequent. Of the 72 HAdV-infected cases, 27 (37.50%) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly parainfluenza virus (12.50%, 9/72) and rhinovirus (9.72%, 7/72). The log number of viral load ranged from 3.30 to 9.14 copies per mL of NPA, with no significant difference between the HAdV mono- and co-infection groups. The main clinical symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever and cough, and 62 (86.11%, 62/72) were diagnosed with pneumonia. Additionally, HAdVs were detected throughout the year with a higher prevalence in summer. CONCLUSIONS HAdV prevalence is related to age and season. HAdV-B and HAdV-C circulated simultaneously among the hospitalized children with RTIs in Beijing, and HAdV-B type 3 and HAdV-C type 2 were the most frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Chao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Tian-Li Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Fen-Lian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China.
| | - Li-Shu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China.
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8
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Song J, Lee H, Cho E. Epidemiological Investigation of the Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Infection caused by Adenovirus Type B55 in a Physical Education School in 2017. Infect Chemother 2019; 51:119-129. [PMID: 31270991 PMCID: PMC6609751 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2019.51.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background On May 19, 2017, the cluster of 6 acute respiratory infections due to adenovirus in the swimming department of a physical education school (School J) was reported to Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the transmission route of the infection and to control the outbreak. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study (Study 1) was conducted on students and teachers of the athletic departments using the swimming pool, and a prospective surveillance (Study 2) was conducted on all students and teachers of the School J. A case was defined as any student and school personnel who developed more than two of the following symptoms from April 10 to July 2, 2017: fever, sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, or headache. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated to compare the attack rates according to potential risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for infection in the outbreak. Results 47 cases were identified: 33 (55.9%) cases occurred among 59 students and teachers in Study 1 and 14 (3.9%) among 362 students and school personnel in Study 2. There were 18 laboratory confirmed adenovirus infection cases. The common symptoms were headache (71.7%), fever (69.6%), rhinorrhea (63.0%), sputum (56.5%), and sore throat (54.3%). 23.9% of the cases were accompanied with diarrhea and 19.6% with eye congestion. None of the cases developed pneumonia. 32.6% of the cases were hospitalized. In Study 1, attack rate in the swimming department was higher than that in others (RR: 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-3.60). In Study 2, being a member of the shooting department (RR: 20.70; 95% CI: 4.90-87.47) and being a first year high school student (RR: 10.95; 95% CI: 2.90-41.33) were identified as risk factors for the infections. Genetic analyses of the adenoviruses showed 100% identical sequence in homology and confirmed the human adenovirus B55 (HAdV-B55). No adenovirus was detected at examining the water and environment of the swimming pool and dormitory. Conclusion The outbreak is inferred to be occurred via propagated transmission among the students in the same athletic department, while the students with symptoms of respiratory infection continued performing school activities without any restrictions. Infection control measures such as early detection of symptoms of respiratory infection and restriction of group activity are necessary to prevent respiratory infection outbreak in the communal living setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsuk Song
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Korea Centers for Disease control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyerim Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Korea Centers for Disease control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Enhi Cho
- Division of Control for Zoonotic and vector borne Disease, Korea Centers for Disease control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea.
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9
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Pisareva MM, Eder VA, Buzitskaya ZV, Musaeva TD, Afanaseva VS, Go AA, Obraztsova EA, Sukhovetskaya VF, Komissarov AB. [Etiological structure of influenza and other ARVI in St. Petersburg during epidemic seasons 2012-2016.]. Vopr Virusol 2018; 63:233-239. [PMID: 30550100 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-5-233-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The etiological structure of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections including their rate of incidence in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region during 4 epidemic seasons has been studied. Seasonality of some respiratory viruses was shown and peaks of circulation of RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus were marked. The interference of influenza A viruses and RSV, RSV and rhinoviruses was highlighted. A high incidence of adenovirus infection in organized communities and RSV infection in children was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Pisareva
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - V A Eder
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - Zh V Buzitskaya
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - T D Musaeva
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - V S Afanaseva
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - A A Go
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - E A Obraztsova
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - V F Sukhovetskaya
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
| | - A B Komissarov
- Federal State Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
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10
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Wong SSY, Yip CCY, Sridhar S, Leung KH, Cheng AKW, Fung AMY, Lam HY, Chan KH, Chan JFW, Cheng VCC, Tang BSF, Yuen KY. Comparative evaluation of a laboratory-developed real-time PCR assay and RealStar® Adenovirus PCR Kit for quantitative detection of human adenovirus. Virol J 2018; 15:149. [PMID: 30261891 PMCID: PMC6161464 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruses are common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract and enteric infections. Severe disseminated infections with high mortality rates may be seen in immunocompromised individuals. An accurate and cost-effective quantitative assay is essential not only for laboratory diagnosis of adenoviral infections, but also for monitoring of response to antiviral treatment. The diagnostic performance of an in-house quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was compared to a commercial system. Methods The analytical sensitivity, specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy of an in-house adenovirus quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay were evaluated against the RealStar® Adenovirus PCR Kit (Altona Diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany), using 122 clinical specimens and 18 proficiency testing samples. Results Linear regression analysis of the quantitative results by the in-house assay showed the dynamic range from 2.60 to 9 log10 (plasma) and 2.94 to 9 log10 (viral transport medium) copies/mL, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.996 and 0.998, respectively. A dilution series demonstrated the limits of detection and lower limits of quantification for plasma were 2.06 log10 and 2.60 log10 copies/mL and those for viral transport medium were 2.31 log10 and 2.94 log10 copies/mL respectively. The precision of the in-house assay was highly reproducible among runs with coefficients of variance ranging from 0.07 to 3.21% for plasma and 0.17% to 2.11% for viral transport medium. A comparison of 52 matched samples showed an excellent correlation between the quantitative viral loads measured by the in-house assay and the RealStar® Adenovirus PCR Kit (R2 = 0.984), with an average bias of − 0.16 log10 copies/mL. Conclusions The in-house adenovirus assay is a sensitive and reliable assay with lower cost for the detection and quantification of adenoviral DNA when compared to the RealStar® Adenovirus PCR Kit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1059-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson S Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cyril C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kit-Hang Leung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew K W Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ami M Y Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Yin Lam
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Bone S F Tang
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Niang MN, Diop NS, Fall A, Kiori DE, Sarr FD, Sy S, Goudiaby D, Barry MA, Fall M, Dia N. Respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Senegal: Focus on human respiratory adenoviruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174287. [PMID: 28328944 PMCID: PMC5362214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious pathogens that are associated with a wide spectrum of human illnesses involving the respiratory tract. In the present study, we investigate the epidemiologic and viral molecular features of HAdVs circulating in Senegal after 4 consecutive years of sentinel surveillance of influenza-like Illness cases. Methodology and results From January 2012 to December 2015 swabs were collected from consenting ILI outpatients. Adenoviral detection is performed by rRT-PCR with the Anyplex™ II RV16 Detection kit (Seegene) and molecular characterization was performed using a partial hexon gene sequence. 6381 samples were collected. More than half of patients (51.7%; 3297/6381) were children of ≤ 5 years. 1967 (30.8%) were positive for HAdV with 1561 (79.4%) found in co-infection with at least one another respiratory virus. The most common co-detections were with influenza viruses (53.1%; 1045/1967), rhinoviruses (30%; 591/1967), enteroviruses (18.5%; 364/1967) and RSV (13.5%; 266/1967). Children under 5 were the most infected group (62.2%; 1224/1967; p <0.05). We noted that HAdV was detected throughout the year at a high level with detection peaks of different amplitudes without any clear seasonality. Phylogenetic analysis revealed species HAdV-C in majority, species HAdV-B and one HAdV- 4 genome type. The 9 HAdV-B species like strains from Senegal grouped with genome types HAdV-7, HAdV-55 and HAdV-11 as shown by a phylogenetic branch with a high bootstrap value of (88%). Conclusion In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest strong year-round HAdV activity in Senegal, especially in children up to 5 years of age. Molecular studies revealed that the dominant species in circulation in patients with ILI appears to be HAdV-C and HAdV-B species. The circulation of though HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 genome types is of note as these serotypes are recognized causes of more severe and even fatal acute respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ndeye Sokhna Diop
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Amary Fall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Davy E. Kiori
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Sara Sy
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Déborah Goudiaby
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Malick Fall
- Département de Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndongo Dia
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
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12
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Koren MA, Arnold JC, Fairchok MP, Lalani T, Danaher PJ, Schofield CM, Rajnik M, Hansen EA, Mor D, Chen WJ, Ridoré M, Burgess TH, Millar EV. Type-specific clinical characteristics of adenovirus-associated influenza-like illness at five US military medical centers, 2009-2014. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:414-20. [PMID: 27062998 PMCID: PMC4947946 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenovirus is a recognized cause of influenza‐like illness (ILI). The proportion of ILI attributable to adenovirus is not known. Moreover, knowledge gaps remain with respect to the epidemiologic, virologic, and clinical characteristics of adenovirus‐associated ILI among otherwise healthy individuals. Methods An observational, longitudinal study of <65‐year‐old patients with febrile ILI at five medical centers was conducted from 2009 to 2014. Nasopharyngeal specimens obtained at enrollment were first tested by single‐reaction PCR for adenovirus, then further evaluated by a multiplex PCR assay for other respiratory viral pathogens. Symptoms over a 28‐day period were collected. Results We enrolled 1536 individuals, among whom 43 (2·8%) were positive for adenovirus. The median age of cases was 3·4 years (range: 4 months to 41 years). Three were hospitalized. Species and serotype information was available for 33 (76·7%) cases. Species C (n = 21) was the most common, followed by B3 (n = 9) and one each of E4a, D46, and A. Species C infections were more frequent in children (P < 0·01). Half of the cases were positive for at least one other respiratory viral pathogen. Symptoms were generally mild and most commonly included cough (90%), fatigue (79%), rhinorrhea (74%), loss of appetite (71%), and sore throat (64%). Children with non‐C adenovirus infection were more likely to report sore throat (P = 0·05) and hoarseness (P = 0·06) than those with species C infection. Conclusions Adenovirus is frequently detected with other respiratory viruses. Persons with non‐C adenovirus infections reported more severe symptoms, suggesting there may be species‐specific differences in virulence and/or host response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Koren
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Mary P Fairchok
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA.,Madigan Army Medical Center, Fort Lewis, WA, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA.,Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Rajnik
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erin A Hansen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA.,Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Mor
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eugene V Millar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
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