1
|
Lenk-Adusoo M, Kangro R, Haring L. The risk assessment of imminent inpatient aggression: A cross-cultural validation study of the dynamic appraisal of situational aggression in Estonia. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:560-571. [PMID: 38095026 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reason for this study was void of a data-driven imminent risk assessment instrument for aggression in psychiatry clinics in Estonia. The predictive accuracy of the observer-rated Dynamic Assessment of Situational Aggression (DASA) has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, the research gap remains regarding a deeper conceptual understanding of the underlying latent structure of the DASA. AIM Comprehensively evaluate the psychometric properties of the Estonian DASA version for cross-cultural clinical use. METHOD We used a prospective repeated measure design and collected 6097 risk evaluations from 381 adult inpatients, 151 of whom committed 1013 aggressive incidents during the study. RESULTS The Estonian DASA version has acceptable inter-rater reliability (Kendall's τ = 0.74) and is a useful instrument with excellent predictive validity (AUC = 0.86) for identifying potentially aggressive inpatients. In our sample, the DASA has a bi-factorial structure which explains 83% of the total variance. DISCUSSION The adapted DASA has acceptable validity and reliability indices for measuring imminent aggression risk in adult inpatient units. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Evidence-based risk assessment of aggression in psychiatric clinics enhances recognition of the signs of potentially aggressive behaviour in order to apply preventive actions and reduce aggression, thereby improving the quality of the care provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margit Lenk-Adusoo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raul Kangro
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Haring
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu O, Leon D, Gough E, Speed T, Hanna M, Jaremko K. A retrospective analysis of perioperative medications for opioid-use disorder and tapering additional postsurgical opioids via a transitional pain service. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38817150 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate perioperative opioid requirements in patients on methadone or buprenorphine as medication for opioid-use disorder (MOUD) who attended a transitional pain clinic (Personalized Pain Program, PPP). METHODS This retrospective cohort study assessed adults on MOUD with surgery and attendance at the Johns Hopkins PPP between 2017 and 2022. Daily non-MOUD opioid use over 6 time-points was evaluated with regression models controlling for days since surgery. The time to complete non-MOUD opioid taper was analysed by accelerated failure time and Kaplan-Meier models. RESULTS Fifty patients (28 on methadone, 22 on buprenorphine) were included with a median age of 44.3 years, 54% male, 62% Caucasian and 54% unemployed. MOUD inpatient administration occurred in 92.8% of patients on preoperative methadone but only in 36.3% of patients on preoperative buprenorphine. Non-MOUD opioid use decreased over time postoperatively (β = -0.54, P < .001) with a median decrease of 90 mg morphine equivalents (MME) between the first and last PPP visit, resulting in 46% tapered off by PPP completion. Older age and duration in PPP were associated with lower MME, while mental health conditions, longer hospital stays and higher discharge opioid prescriptions were associated with higher MME. The average time to non-MOUD opioid taper was 1.79× longer in patients on buprenorphine (P = .026), 2.75× in males (P = .023), 4.66× with mental health conditions (P < .001), 2.37× with chronic pain (P = .031) and 3.51× if on preoperative non-MOUD opioids; however, higher initial MOUD level decreased time to taper (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative opioid tapering utilizing a transitional pain service is possible in patients on MOUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Liu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Leon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Gough
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Data Management Core, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Traci Speed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, ohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie Hanna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie Jaremko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adelson SM, Blout Zawatsky CL, Hickingbotham MR, Bell ME, Platt DM, Leonhard JR, Zoltick ES, Hajek CA, Green RC, Christensen KD. Familial communication and cascade testing following elective genomic testing. J Genet Couns 2024. [PMID: 38757439 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Familial communication of results and cascade genetic testing (CGT) can extend the benefits of genetic screening beyond the patient to their at-risk relatives. While an increasing number of health systems are offering genetic screening as an elective clinical service, data are limited about how often results are shared and how often results lead to CGT. From 2018 to 2022, the Sanford Health system offered the Sanford Chip, an elective genomic test that included screening for medically actionable predispositions for disease recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics for secondary findings disclosure, to its adult primary care patients. We analyzed patient-reported data about familial sharing of results and CGT among patients who received Sanford Chip results at least 1 year previously. Among the patients identified with medically actionable predispositions, 94.6% (53/56) reported disclosing their result to at least one family member, compared with 46.7% (423/906) of patients with uninformative findings (p < 0.001). Of the patients with actionable predispositions, 52.2% (12/23) with a monogenic disease risk and 12.1% (4/33) with a carrier status reported that their relatives underwent CGT. Results suggest that while the identification of monogenic risk during elective genomic testing motivates CGT in many at-risk relatives, there remain untested at-risk relatives who may benefit from future CGT. Findings identify an area that may benefit from increased genetic counseling and the development of tools and resources to encourage CGT for family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Adelson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics and Genetic Counseling, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Carrie L Blout Zawatsky
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madison R Hickingbotham
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan E Bell
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Dylan M Platt
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | - Emilie S Zoltick
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine A Hajek
- Sanford Health Imagenetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Helix OpCo, LLC, San Mateo, California, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kurt D Christensen
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ziegenhorn MA, Hildebrand JA, Oleson EM, Baird RW, Wiggins SM, Baumann‐Pickering S. Odontocete spatial patterns and temporal drivers of detection at sites in the Hawaiian islands. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9688. [PMID: 36620420 PMCID: PMC9817196 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful conservation and management of marine top predators rely on detailed documentation of spatiotemporal behavior. For cetacean species, this information is key to defining stocks, habitat use, and mitigating harmful interactions. Research focused on this goal is employing methodologies such as visual observations, tag data, and passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data. However, many studies are temporally limited or focus on only one or few species. In this study, we make use of an existing long-term (2009-2019), labeled PAM data set to examine spatiotemporal patterning of at least 10 odontocete (toothed whale) species in the Hawaiian Islands using compositional analyses and modeling techniques. Species composition differs among considered sites, and this difference is robust to seasonal movement patterns. Temporally, hour of day was the most significant predictor of detection across species and sites, followed by season, though patterns differed among species. We describe long-term trends in species detection at one site and note that they are markedly similar for many species. These trends may be related to long-term, underlying oceanographic cycles that will be the focus of future study. We demonstrate the variability of temporal patterns even at relatively close sites, which may imply that wide-ranging models of species presence are missing key fine-scale movement patterns. Documented seasonal differences in detection also highlights the importance of considering season in survey design both regionally and elsewhere. We emphasize the utility of long-term, continuous monitoring in highlighting temporal patterns that may relate to underlying climatic states and help us predict responses to climate change. We conclude that long-term PAM records are a valuable resource for documenting spatiotemporal patterns and can contribute many insights into the lives of top predators, even in highly studied regions such as the Hawaiian Islands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A. Ziegenhorn
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - John A. Hildebrand
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin M. Oleson
- NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science CenterHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | | | - Sean M. Wiggins
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vachon F, Eguiguren A, Rendell L, Gero S, Whitehead H. Distinctive, fine-scale distribution of Eastern Caribbean sperm whale vocal clans reflects island fidelity rather than environmental variables. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9449. [PMID: 36349249 PMCID: PMC9631323 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental variables are often the primary drivers of species' distributions as they define their niche. However, individuals, or groups of individuals, may sometimes adopt a limited range within this larger suitable habitat as a result of social and cultural processes. This is the case for Eastern Caribbean sperm whales. While environmental variables are reasonably successful in describing the general distribution of sperm whales in the region, individuals from different cultural groups have distinct distributions around the Lesser Antilles islands. Using data collected over 2 years of dedicated surveys in the Eastern Caribbean, we conducted habitat modeling and habitat suitability analyses to investigate the mechanisms responsible for such fine-scale distribution patterns. Vocal clan-specific models were dramatically more successful at predicting distribution than general species models, showing how a failure to incorporate social factors can impede accurate predictions. Habitat variation between islands did not explain vocal clan distributions, suggesting that cultural group segregation in the Eastern Caribbean sperm whale is driven by traditions of site/island fidelity (most likely maintained through conformism and homophily) rather than habitat type specialization. Our results provide evidence for the key role of cultural knowledge in shaping habitat use of sperm whales within suitable environmental conditions and highlight the importance of cultural factors in shaping sperm whale ecology. We recommend that social and cultural information be incorporated into conservation and management as culture can segregate populations on fine spatial scales in the absence of environmental variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Vachon
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Ana Eguiguren
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Luke Rendell
- School of BiologyUniversity of St. AndrewsSt. AndrewsUK
| | - Shane Gero
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Hal Whitehead
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Powell VD, Kumar N, Galecki AT, Kabeto M, Clauw DJ, Williams DA, Hassett A, Silveira MJ. Bad company: Loneliness longitudinally predicts the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, and depression in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:2225-2234. [PMID: 35415848 PMCID: PMC9378441 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain, fatigue, and depression frequently co-occur as a symptom cluster. While commonly occurring in those with cancer and autoimmune disease, the cluster is also found in the absence of systemic illness or inflammation. Loneliness is a common psychosocial stressor associated with the cluster cross-sectionally. We investigated whether loneliness predicted the development of pain, fatigue, depression, and the symptom cluster over time. METHODS Data from the Health and Retirement Study were used. We included self-respondents ≥50 year-old who had at least two measurements of loneliness and the symptom cluster from 2006-2016 (n = 5974). Time-varying loneliness was used to predict pain, fatigue, depression, and the symptom cluster in the subsequent wave(s) using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, living arrangement, and the presence of the symptom(s) at baseline. RESULTS Loneliness increased the odds of subsequently reporting pain (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08, 1.37), fatigue (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.32, 1.65), depression (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 2.02, 2.68), as well as the symptom cluster (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.74, 2.67). The median time between the baseline and final follow-up measurement was 7.6 years (IQR 4.1, 8.2). CONCLUSIONS Loneliness strongly predicts the development of pain, fatigue, and depression as well as the cluster of all three symptoms several years later in a large, nonclinical sample of older American adults. Future studies should examine the multiple pathways through which loneliness may produce this cluster, as well as examine whether other psychosocial stressors also increase risk. It is possible that interventions which address loneliness in older adults may prevent or mitigate the cluster of pain, fatigue, and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria D. Powell
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterLTC Charles S. Kettles VA Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Navasuja Kumar
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Andrzej T. Galecki
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mohammed Kabeto
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel J. Clauw
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - David A. Williams
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Afton Hassett
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Maria J. Silveira
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterLTC Charles S. Kettles VA Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brunet MJ, Monteith KL, Huggler KS, Clapp JG, Thompson DJ, Burke PW, Zornes M, Lionberger P, Valdez M, Holbrook JD. Cats and dogs: A mesopredator navigating risk and reward provisioned by an apex predator. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8641. [PMID: 35228863 PMCID: PMC8861835 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Successfully perceiving risk and reward is fundamental to the fitness of an animal, and can be achieved through a variety of perception tactics. For example, mesopredators may "directly" perceive risk by visually observing apex predators, or may "indirectly" perceive risk by observing habitats used by predators. Direct assessments should more accurately characterize the arrangement of risk and reward; however, indirect assessments are used more frequently in studies concerning the response of GPS-marked animals to spatiotemporally variable sources of risk and reward. We investigated the response of a mesopredator to the presence of risk and reward created by an apex predator, where risk and reward likely vary in relative perceptibility (i.e., degree of being perceptible). First, we tested whether coyotes (Canis latrans) use direct or indirect assessments to navigate the presence of mountain lions (Puma concolor; risk) and kills made by mountain lions (reward) in an area where coyotes were a common prey item for mountain lions. Second, we assessed the behavioral response of coyotes to direct encounters with mountain lions. Third, we evaluated spatiotemporal use of carrion by coyotes at kills made by mountain lions. Indirect assessments generally outperformed direct assessments when integrating analyses into a unified framework; nevertheless, our ability to detect direct perception in navigating to mountain lion kills was likely restricted by scale and sampling limitations (e.g., collar fix rates, unsampled kill sites). Rather than responding to the risk of direct encounters with mountain lions, coyotes facilitated encounters by increasing their movement rate, and engaged in risky behavior by scavenging at mountain lion kills. Coyotes appear to mitigate risk by using indirect perception to avoid mountain lions. Our predator-predator interactions and insights are nuanced and counter to the conventional predator-prey systems that have generated much of the predation risk literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J. Brunet
- Haub School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Kevin L. Monteith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Katey S. Huggler
- Haub School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Zornes
- Wyoming Game and Fish DepartmentGreen RiverWyomingUSA
| | - Patrick Lionberger
- Bureau of Land ManagementRock Springs Field OfficeRock SpringsWyomingUSA
| | - Miguel Valdez
- Bureau of Land ManagementRock Springs Field OfficeRock SpringsWyomingUSA
| | - Joseph D. Holbrook
- Haub School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han YS. The gain in keratinized gingiva using apically positioned flap during implant placement with and without ridge augmentation: A comparative prospective study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2021; 23:920-926. [PMID: 34779114 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether ridge augmentation (RA) affects the gain in keratinized gingiva (KG) in implant surgery using a full-thickness apically positioned flap (fAPF). MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study from April 2017 to April 2019 recording patient- and implant-related factors. The subjects underwent fAPF during implant placement and were divided two groups: Group A, one-stage surgical protocol without RA; Group B, two-stage surgical protocol with RA. The initial width of KG and the width of KG at 1 week, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery and baseline were measured using a paper ruler. Multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were estimated to evaluate RA effects on the gain in KG, the shrinkage amount of KG, and shrinkage ratio of KG after fAPF. RESULTS Seventy-nine participants with 203 implants were included. The baseline values of KG were 1.68 mm in Group A and 0.82 mm in Group B (p < 0.001). The results of the multivariable GEE demonstrated that the gain in KG, the shrinkage amount of KG, and the shrinkage ratio of KG showed no significant difference in groups (p > 0.05). The gain in KG was 1.92 ± 1.67 mm in Group A, 1.48 ± 1.36 mm in Group B. The total shrinkage amount and the shrinkage ratio of KG were 1.87 mm and 42.43%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A fAPF is a reliable technique that enables significant increase in KG regardless of RA in implant surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sic Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|