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Callender-Crowe LM, Sansom RS. Osteological characters of birds and reptiles are more congruent with molecular phylogenies than soft characters are. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite increased use of genomic data in phylogenetics, morphological information remains vital for resolving evolutionary relationships, particularly for fossil taxa. The properties and models of evolution of molecular sequence data are well characterized and mature, relative to those of morphological data. Furthermore, heterogeneity, integration and relative homoplasy of empirical morphological data could prove problematic for phylogenetic reconstruction. Here we compare osteological and non-osteological characters of 28 morphological datasets of extant saurians in terms of their homoplasy relative to molecular trees. Analysis of individual avian datasets finds osteological characters to be significantly more consistent with molecular data than soft characters are. Significant differences between morphological partitions were also observed in the age at which characters resolved on molecular trees. Osteological character changes occur relatively earlier in deep branches, whilst soft-tissue character transitions are more recent in shallow branches. The combined results demonstrate differences in evolutionary dynamics between morphological partitions. This may reflect evolutionary constraints acting on osteological characters, compared with the relative lability of soft characters. Furthermore, it provides some support to phylogenetic interpretations of fossil data, including dinosaurs, which are predominately osteological. Recent advances in amphibian and mammal phylogenetics may make these patterns possible to test for all tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Callender-Crowe
- The University of Manchester, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Robert S Sansom
- The University of Manchester, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, UK
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2
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Cicero C, Mason NA, Benedict L, Rising JD. Behavioral, morphological, and ecological trait evolution in two clades of New World Sparrows ( Aimophila and Peucaea, Passerellidae). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9249. [PMID: 32596039 PMCID: PMC7307569 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The New World sparrows (Passerellidae) are a large, diverse group of songbirds that vary in morphology, behavior, and ecology. Thus, they are excellent for studying trait evolution in a phylogenetic framework. We examined lability versus conservatism in morphological and behavioral traits in two related clades of sparrows (Aimophila, Peucaea), and assessed whether habitat has played an important role in trait evolution. We first inferred a multi-locus phylogeny which we used to reconstruct ancestral states, and then quantified phylogenetic signal among morphological and behavioral traits in these clades and in New World sparrows more broadly. Behavioral traits have a stronger phylogenetic signal than morphological traits. Specifically, vocal duets and song structure are the most highly conserved traits, and nesting behavior appears to be maintained within clades. Furthermore, we found a strong correlation between open habitat and unpatterned plumage, complex song, and ground nesting. However, even within lineages that share the same habitat type, species vary in nesting, plumage pattern, song complexity, and duetting. Our findings highlight trade-offs between behavior, morphology, and ecology in sparrow diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cicero
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A Mason
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.,Current affiliation: Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lauryn Benedict
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - James D Rising
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Gómez RO, Lois-Milevicich J. Phylogenetic signal in the skull of cowbirds (Icteridae) assessed by multivariate and cladistic approaches. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Merwin JT, Seeholzer GF, Smith BT. Macroevolutionary bursts and constraints generate a rainbow in a clade of tropical birds. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32093609 PMCID: PMC7041239 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bird plumage exhibits a diversity of colors that serve functional roles ranging from signaling to camouflage and thermoregulation. However, birds must maintain a balance between evolving colorful signals to attract mates, minimizing conspicuousness to predators, and optimizing adaptation to climate conditions. Examining plumage color macroevolution provides a framework for understanding this dynamic interplay over phylogenetic scales. Plumage evolution due to a single overarching process, such as selection, may generate the same macroevolutionary pattern of color variation across all body regions. In contrast, independent processes may partition plumage and produce region-specific patterns. To test these alternative scenarios, we collected color data from museum specimens of an ornate clade of birds, the Australasian lorikeets, using visible-light and UV-light photography, and comparative methods. We predicted that the diversification of homologous feather regions, i.e., patches, known to be involved in sexual signaling (e.g., face) would be less constrained than patches on the back and wings, where new color states may come at the cost of crypsis. Because environmental adaptation may drive evolution towards or away from color states, we tested whether climate more strongly covaried with plumage regions under greater or weaker macroevolutionary constraint. RESULTS We found that alternative macroevolutionary models and varying rates best describe color evolution, a pattern consistent with our prediction that different plumage regions evolved in response to independent processes. Modeling plumage regions independently, in functional groups, and all together showed that patches with similar macroevolutionary models clustered together into distinct regions (e.g., head, wing, belly), which suggests that plumage does not evolve as a single trait in this group. Wing patches, which were conserved on a macroevolutionary scale, covaried with climate more strongly than plumage regions (e.g., head), which diversified in a burst. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results support the hypothesis that the extraordinary color diversity in the lorikeets was generated by a mosaic of evolutionary processes acting on plumage region subsets. Partitioning of plumage regions in different parts of the body provides a mechanism that allows birds to evolve bright colors for signaling and remain hidden from predators or adapt to local climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Merwin
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Glenn F Seeholzer
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Brian Tilston Smith
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
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5
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Sibly RM, Pagel M, Curnow RN, Edwards J. How phenotypic matching based on neutral mating cues enables speciation in locally adapted populations. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13506-13514. [PMID: 31871661 PMCID: PMC6912886 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Maynard Smith's (American Naturalist, 1966, 100, 637) suggestion that in some cases a prerequisite for speciation is the existence of local ecological adaptations has not received much attention to date. Here, we test the hypothesis using a model like that of Maynard Smith but differing in the way animals disperse between niches. In previous studies, males disperse randomly between niches but females stay put in their natal niche. As a first step toward generalizing the model, we here analyze the case that equal proportions of the two sexes disperse between niches before breeding. Supporting Maynard Smith's (1966) hypothesis, we find that once local adaptations are established, a neutral mating cue at an independent locus can rapidly enable speciation in populations with a suitable mechanism for phenotype matching. We find that stable ecological polymorphisms are relatively insensitive to the strength of selection, but depend crucially on the extent of dispersal between niches, with a threshold of ~5% if population sizes in two niches are equal. At higher levels of dispersal, ecological differentiation is lost. These results contrast with those of earlier studies and shed light on why parapatric speciation is limited by the extent of gene flow. Our testable model provides a candidate explanation for the rapid speciation rates, diversity of appearance and occurrence of "species flocks" observed among some African cichlids and neotropical birds and may also have implications for the occurrence of punctuational change on phylogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Pagel
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Robert N. Curnow
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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Eliason CM, Andersen MJ, Hackett SJ. Using Historical Biogeography Models to Study Color Pattern Evolution. Syst Biol 2019; 68:755-766. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Color is among the most striking features of organisms, varying not only in spectral properties like hue and brightness, but also in where and how it is produced on the body. Different combinations of colors on a bird’s body are important in both environmental and social contexts. Previous comparative studies have treated plumage patches individually or derived plumage complexity scores from color measurements across a bird’s body. However, these approaches do not consider the multivariate nature of plumages (allowing for plumage to evolve as a whole) or account for interpatch distances. Here, we leverage a rich toolkit used in historical biogeography to assess color pattern evolution in a cosmopolitan radiation of birds, kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae). We demonstrate the utility of this approach and test hypotheses about the tempo and mode of color evolution in kingfishers. Our results highlight the importance of considering interpatch distances in understanding macroevolutionary trends in color diversity and demonstrate how historical biogeography models are a useful way to model plumage color pattern evolution. Furthermore, they show that distinct color mechanisms (pigments or structural colors) spread across the body in different ways and at different rates. Specifically, net rates are higher for structural colors than pigment-based colors. Together, our study suggests a role for both development and selection in driving extraordinary color pattern diversity in kingfishers. We anticipate this approach will be useful for modeling other complex phenotypes besides color, such as parasite evolution across the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Eliason
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Andersen
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shannon J Hackett
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Miles MC, Fuxjager MJ. Synergistic selection regimens drive the evolution of display complexity in birds of paradise. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1149-1159. [PMID: 29637997 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrated visual displays that combine gesture with colour are nearly ubiquitous in the animal world, where they are shaped by sexual selection for their role in courtship and competition. However, few studies assess how multiple selection regimens operate on different components of these complex phenotypes on a macroevolutionary scale. Here, we study this issue by assessing how both sexual and ecological selection work together to influence visual display complexity in the birds of paradise. We first find that sexual dichromatism is highest in lekking species, which undergo more intense sexual selection by female choice, than non-lekking species. At the same time, species in which males directly compete with one another at communal display courts have more carotenoid-based ornaments and fewer melanin ornaments. Meanwhile, display habitat influences gestural complexity. Species that dance in the cluttered understorey have more complex dances than canopy-displaying species. Taken together, our results illustrate how distinct selection regimens each operate on individual elements comprising a complex display. This supports a modular model of display evolution, wherein the ultimate integrated display is the product of synergy between multiple factors that select for different types of phenotypic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C Miles
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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8
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Smith BT, Bryson RW, Mauck WM, Chaves J, Robbins MB, Aleixo A, Klicka J. Species delimitation and biogeography of the gnatcatchers and gnatwrens (Aves: Polioptilidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 126:45-57. [PMID: 29551521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The New World avian family Polioptilidae (gnatcatchers and gnatwrens) is distributed from Argentina to Canada and includes 15 species and more than 60 subspecies. No study to date has evaluated phylogenetic relationships within this family and the historical pattern of diversification within the group remains unknown. Moreover, species limits, particularly in widespread taxa that show geographic variation, remain unclear. In this study, we delimited species and estimated phylogenetic relationships using multilocus data for the entire family. We then used the inferred diversity along with alternative taxonomic classification schemes to evaluate how lumping and splitting of both taxa and geographical areas influenced biogeographic inference. Species-tree analyses grouped Polioptilidae into four main clades: Microbates, Ramphocaenus, a Polioptila guianensis complex, and the remaining members of Polioptila. Ramphocaenus melanurus was sister to the clade containing M. cinereiventris and M. collaris, which formed a clade sister to all species within Polioptila. Polioptila was composed of two clades, the first of which included the P. guianensis complex; the other contained all remaining species in the genus. Using multispecies coalescent modeling, we inferred a more than 3-fold increase in species diversity, of which 87% represent currently recognized species or subspecies. Much of this diversity corresponded to subspecies that occur in the Neotropics. We identified three polyphyletic species, and delimited 4-6 previously undescribed candidate taxa. Probabilistic modeling of geographic ranges on the species tree indicated that the family likely had an ancestral origin in South America, with all three genera independently colonizing North America. Support for this hypothesis, however, was sensitive to the taxonomic classification scheme used and the number of geographical areas allowed. Our study proposes the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Polioptilidae and provides genealogical support for the reclassification of species limits. Species limits and the resolution of geographical areas that taxa inhabit influence the inferred spatial diversification history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tilston Smith
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Robert W Bryson
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William M Mauck
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Jaime Chaves
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales - Extensión Galápagos, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mark B Robbins
- University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7561, USA
| | - Alexandre Aleixo
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Brazil
| | - John Klicka
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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9
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Discordance between genomic divergence and phenotypic variation in a rapidly evolving avian genus (Motacilla). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 120:183-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Delahaie B, Cornuault J, Masson C, Bertrand JAM, Bourgeois YXC, Milá B, Thébaud C. Narrow hybrid zones in spite of very low population differentiation in neutral markers in an island bird species complex. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:2132-2145. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Delahaie
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB); UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier - Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; CNRS-UMR5175 CEFE; Montpellier France
| | - J. Cornuault
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB); UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier - Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse France
| | - C. Masson
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB); UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier - Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse France
| | - J. A. M. Bertrand
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB); UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier - Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse France
| | - Y. X. C. Bourgeois
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB); UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier - Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse France
| | - B. Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - C. Thébaud
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB); UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier - Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse France
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11
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Weiss K, Herzner G, Strohm E. Sexual selection and the evolution of male pheromone glands in philanthine wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:128. [PMID: 28587589 PMCID: PMC5461632 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual selection is thought to promote evolutionary changes and diversification. However, the impact of sexual selection in relation to other selective forces is difficult to evaluate. Male digger wasps of the tribe Philanthini (Hymenoptera, Philanthinae) scent mark territories to attract receptive females. Consequently, the organs for production and storage of the marking secretion, the mandibular gland (MG) and the postpharyngeal gland (PPG), are subject to sexual selection. In female Philanthini, these glands are most likely solely subject to natural selection and show very little morphological diversity. According to the hypothesis that sexual selection drives interspecific diversity, we predicted that the MG and PPG show higher interspecific variation in males than in females. Using histological methods, 3D-reconstructions, and multivariate statistical analysis of morphological characters, we conducted a comparative analysis of the MG and the PPG in males of 30 species of Philanthini and three species of the Cercerini and Aphilanthopsini, two related tribes within the Philanthinae. Results We found substantial interspecific diversity in gland morphology with regard to gland incidence, size, shape and the type of associated secretory cells. Overall there was a phylogenetic trend: Ensuing from the large MGs and small PPGs of male Cercerini and Aphilanthopsini, the size and complexity of the MG was reduced in male Philanthini, while their PPG became considerably enlarged, substantially more complex, and associated with an apparently novel type of secretory cells. In some clades of the Philanthini the MG was even lost and entirely replaced by the PPG. However, several species showed reversals of and exceptions from this trend. Head gland morphology was significantly more diverse among male than among female Philanthinae. Conclusion Our results show considerable variation in male head glands including the loss of an entire gland system and the evolution of a novel kind of secretory cells, confirming the prediction that interspecific diversity in head gland morphology is higher in male than in female Philanthini. We discuss possible causes for the remarkable evolutionary changes in males and we conclude that this high diversity has been caused by sexual selection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0963-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Weiss
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Herzner
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erhard Strohm
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Fan M, Hall ML, Kingma SA, Mandeltort LM, Hidalgo Aranzamendi N, Delhey K, Peters A. No fitness benefits of early molt in a fairy-wren: relaxed sexual selection under genetic monogamy? Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,
| | - Michelle L Hall
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia,
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schlossallee 2, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany, and
| | - Sjouke A Kingma
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schlossallee 2, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany, and
- Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Mandeltort
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,
| | - Nataly Hidalgo Aranzamendi
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,
| | - Kaspar Delhey
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schlossallee 2, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany, and
| | - Anne Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schlossallee 2, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany, and
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13
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Evans SR, Gustafsson L. Climate change upends selection on ornamentation in a wild bird. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:39. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ligon RA, Simpson RK, Mason NA, Hill GE, McGraw KJ. Evolutionary innovation and diversification of carotenoid‐based pigmentation in finches. Evolution 2016; 70:2839-2852. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell A. Ligon
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287
- Laboratory of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14850
| | | | - Nicholas A. Mason
- Laboratory of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14850
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Kevin J. McGraw
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287
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15
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Gomes ACR, Sorenson MD, Cardoso GC. Speciation is associated with changing ornamentation rather than stronger sexual selection. Evolution 2016; 70:2823-2838. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina R. Gomes
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485–661 Vairão Portugal
| | | | - Gonçalo C. Cardoso
- CIBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485–661 Vairão Portugal
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16
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Road Map to Study Convergent Evolution: A Proposition for Evolutionary Systems Biology Approaches. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41324-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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17
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Gluckman TL, Mundy NI. Evolutionary pathways to convergence in plumage patterns. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:172. [PMID: 27582082 PMCID: PMC5006497 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian plumage is ideal for investigating phenotypic convergence because of repeated evolution of the same within-feather patterns. In birds, there are three major types of regular patterns within feathers: scales, bars and spots. Existing models of within-feather pattern development suggest that scales have the simplest developmental mechanism, bars require more stringent regulation than scales, and spots have the strictest developmental parameters. We hypothesized that increasing stringency in the mechanism of pattern formation predicts the evolutionary trajectory of patterns, and hence scales should evolve first, followed by bars and finally spots. Here, using Bayesian phylogenetic modeling we reconstructed pattern evolution in the most spectacularly patterned avian clades – aquatic waterfowl (Anseriformes) and terrestrial gamebirds (Galliformes). Results Our analyses suggest that the ancestral state of plumage is an absence of patterns, but with some variability. Independent analyses of seven feather patches reveal that spots evolve after bars and scales. However, both scales and bars evolve frequently from an absence of patterns, contradicting our predictions. Over the whole body, many constraints are conserved from the level of patches, for example the largest number of steps from the ancestral state was required for spots to evolve. Conclusions Overall there was remarkable similarity in the inferred evolutionary trajectories of plumage pattern evolution in Galliformes and Anseriformes, suggesting that developmental constraint is similar in these two orders, despite large ecological differences. These evolutionary transitions are largely congruent with a reaction–diffusion based model of pattern formation, but the evolution of bars from an unpatterned ancestor is more common than expected. Our study highlights the promise of testing models of development using comparative methods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0741-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Lan Gluckman
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. .,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Paris, 75005, France.
| | - Nicholas I Mundy
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Badyaev AV, Morrison ES, Belloni V, Sanderson MJ. Tradeoff between robustness and elaboration in carotenoid networks produces cycles of avian color diversification. Biol Direct 2015; 10:45. [PMID: 26289047 PMCID: PMC4545997 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resolution of the link between micro- and macroevolution calls for comparing both processes on the same deterministic landscape, such as genomic, metabolic or fitness networks. We apply this perspective to the evolution of carotenoid pigmentation that produces spectacular diversity in avian colors and show that basic structural properties of the underlying carotenoid metabolic network are reflected in global patterns of elaboration and diversification in color displays. Birds color themselves by consuming and metabolizing several dietary carotenoids from the environment. Such fundamental dependency on the most upstream external compounds should intrinsically constrain sustained evolutionary elongation of multi-step metabolic pathways needed for color elaboration unless the metabolic network gains robustness – the ability to synthesize the same carotenoid from an additional dietary starting point. Results We found that gains and losses of metabolic robustness were associated with evolutionary cycles of elaboration and stasis in expressed carotenoids in birds. Lack of metabolic robustness constrained lineage’s metabolic explorations to the immediate biochemical vicinity of their ecologically distinct dietary carotenoids, whereas gains of robustness repeatedly resulted in sustained elongation of metabolic pathways on evolutionary time scales and corresponding color elaboration. Conclusions The structural link between length and robustness in metabolic pathways may explain periodic convergence of phylogenetically distant and ecologically distinct species in expressed carotenoid pigmentation; account for stasis in carotenoid colors in some ecological lineages; and show how the connectivity of the underlying metabolic network provides a mechanistic link between microevolutionary elaboration and macroevolutionary diversification. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Junhyong Kim, Eugene Koonin, and Fyodor Kondrashov. For complete reports, see the Reviewers’ reports section. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-015-0073-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Badyaev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Erin S Morrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Virginia Belloni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Michael J Sanderson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Hudon J, Wiebe KL, Pini E, Stradi R. Plumage pigment differences underlying the yellow-red differentiation in the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 183:1-10. [PMID: 25575737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the processes that create species differences is a central goal of evolutionary biology. The Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) exists as two well-differentiated subspecies groups in North America, the Yellow-shafted (auratus group) and Red-shafted Flickers (cafer group), which differ strikingly in the color of the underside and rachises of flight feathers, and of malar and nuchal patches. We investigated the physiological basis of these conspicuous phenotypic differences by identifying and quantifying the pigments involved. The yellow feathers of auratus contained carotenoids commonly found in nature (lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and β-carotene). The orange to red shafts/vanes of cafer and hybrids contained these carotenoids as well as mono- and diketo-carotenoids (notably adonirubin, α-doradexanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin), representing oxygenated products at carbon C4(4') of the carotenoids present in auratus. Oxygenation of feather carotenoids at C4(4') correlated closely with shaft/vane redness. Carotenoid hydroxylation at C3(3') and the proportion of carotenoids with ε end-rings also varied with color and belie differences in the activity of several carotenoid-modifying enzymes between the two subspecies groups. Curiously, occasional yellow feathers in red-shafted individuals had the carotenoids of auratus, hence the differences are not constitutive in cafer, underscoring regulatory differences. The red malar stripe of cafer, the black malar stripe and red nuchal patch of auratus all contained similar types and amounts of carotenoids, mostly 3-hydroxy-4-keto-carotenoids. The biochemical differences between two strongly differentiated forms we uncovered shed light on how plumage coloration can change over evolutionary time and point to further avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Hudon
- Royal Alberta Museum, 12845 -102 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5N 0M6, Canada.
| | - Karen L Wiebe
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Elena Pini
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Facoltà di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Stradi
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Facoltà di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Owen Prum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520-8150 USA
- Peabody Natural History Museum; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520-8150 USA
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21
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Friedman NR, McGraw KJ, Omland KE. History and mechanisms of carotenoid plumage evolution in the New World orioles ( Icterus ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Arbuckle K, Bennett CM, Speed MP. A simple measure of the strength of convergent evolution. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Arbuckle
- Institute of Integrative Biology Biosciences Building University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool Merseyside L69 7ZB UK
| | - Cheryl M. Bennett
- Institute of Integrative Biology Biosciences Building University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool Merseyside L69 7ZB UK
| | - Michael P. Speed
- Institute of Integrative Biology Biosciences Building University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool Merseyside L69 7ZB UK
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23
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Powell AF, Barker FK, Lanyon SM, Burns KJ, Klicka J, Lovette IJ. A comprehensive species-level molecular phylogeny of the New World blackbirds (Icteridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 71:94-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Friedman NR, McGraw KJ, Omland KE. EVOLUTION OF CAROTENOID PIGMENTATION IN CACIQUES AND MEADOWLARKS (ICTERIDAE): REPEATED GAINS OF RED PLUMAGE COLORATION BY CAROTENOID C4-OXYGENATION. Evolution 2013; 68:791-801. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland 21250
- Department of Zoology & Laboratory of Ornithology; Palacký University; Olomouc 77900 Czech Republic
| | - Kevin J. McGraw
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287
| | - Kevin E. Omland
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland 21250
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25
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Johnson AE, Jordan Price J, Pruett-Jones S. Different modes of evolution in males and females generate dichromatism in fairy-wrens (Maluridae). Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3030-46. [PMID: 24101992 PMCID: PMC3790549 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dichromatism in birds is often attributed to selection for elaboration in males. However, evolutionary changes in either sex can result in plumage differences between them, and such changes can result in either gains or losses of dimorphism. We reconstructed the evolution of plumage colors in both males and females of species in Maluridae, a family comprising the fairy-wrens (Malurus, Clytomias, Sipodotus), emu-wrens (Stipiturus), and grasswrens (Amytornis). Our results show that, across species, males and females differ in their patterns of color evolution. Male plumage has diverged at relatively steady rates, whereas female coloration has changed dramatically in some lineages and little in others. Accordingly, in comparisons against evolutionary models, plumage changes in males best fit a Brownian motion (BM) model, whereas plumage changes in females fit an Ornstein Uhlenbeck (OU) multioptimum model, with different adaptive peaks corresponding to distributions in either Australia or New Guinea. Levels of dichromatism were significantly associated with latitude, with greater dichromatism in more southerly taxa. Our results suggest that current patterns of plumage diversity in fairy-wrens are a product of evolutionary changes in both sexes, driven in part by environmental differences across the distribution of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois, 60637-1503
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26
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Bonaccorso E, Guayasamin JM. On the Origin of Pantepui montane biotas: A Perspective Based on the Phylogeny of Aulacorhynchus toucanets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67321. [PMID: 23840663 PMCID: PMC3694146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the origin of Pantepui montane biotas, we studied the biogeography of toucanets in the genus Aulacorhynchus. These birds are ideal for analyzing historical relationships among Neotropical montane regions, given their geographic distribution from Mexico south to Bolivia, including northern Venezuela (Cordillera de la Costa), and the Pantepui. Analyses were based on molecular phylogenies using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Topology tests were applied to compare alternative hypotheses that may explain the current distribution of Aulacorhynchus toucanets, in the context of previous hypotheses of the origin of Pantepui montane biotas. Biogeographic reconstructions in RASP and Lagrange were used to estimate the ancestral area of the genus, and an analysis in BEAST was used to estimate a time framework for its diversification. A sister relationship between the Pantepui and Andes+Cordillera de la Costa was significantly more likely than topologies indicating other hypothesis for the origin of Pantepui populations. The Andes was inferred as the ancestral area for Aulacorhynchus, and the group has diversified since the late Miocene. The biogeographic patterns found herein, in which the Andes are the source for biotas of other regions, are consistent with those found for flowerpiercers and tanagers, and do not support the hypothesis of the geologically old Pantepui as a source of Neotropical montain diversity. Based on the high potential for cryptic speciation and isolation of Pantepui populations, we consider that phylogenetic studies of additional taxa are important from a conservation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bonaccorso
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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27
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Holt BG, Lessard JP, Borregaard MK, Fritz SA, Araújo MB, Dimitrov D, Fabre PH, Graham CH, Graves GR, Jønsson KA, Nogués-Bravo D, Wang Z, Whittaker RJ, Fjeldså J, Rahbek C. An Update of Wallace’s Zoogeographic Regions of the World. Science 2012; 339:74-8. [PMID: 23258408 DOI: 10.1126/science.1228282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Modern attempts to produce biogeographic maps focus on the distribution of species, and the maps are typically drawn without phylogenetic considerations. Here, we generate a global map of zoogeographic regions by combining data on the distributions and phylogenetic relationships of 21,037 species of amphibians, birds, and mammals. We identify 20 distinct zoogeographic regions, which are grouped into 11 larger realms. We document the lack of support for several regions previously defined based on distributional data and show that spatial turnover in the phylogenetic composition of vertebrate assemblages is higher in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. We further show that the integration of phylogenetic information provides valuable insight on historical relationships among regions, permitting the identification of evolutionarily unique regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben G Holt
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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28
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Moltesen M, Irestedt M, Fjeldså J, Ericson PGP, Jønsson KA. Molecular phylogeny of Chloropseidae and Irenidae - cryptic species and biogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:903-14. [PMID: 22960142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chloropseidae (Leafbirds) and Irenidae (Fairy-bluebirds) are colourful Oriental birds, which have been placed as a deep (old) branch in the radiation of passeroid songbirds. We present a densely sampled molecular phylogeny of the two families based on two nuclear introns (GAPDH and ODC) and two mitochondrial genes (ND3 and cyt-b) largely stemming from old museum specimens. Our results show that several subspecies within both Chloropseidae and Irenidae are genetically distinct and separated in the Miocene some 10-11Million years ago (Mya), indicating a substantial underestimation of species numbers within the two families. Based on our molecular findings, plumage distinctiveness and contemporary distributions we propose that several subspecies be recognised at the species level. Furthermore, we use the molecular data to examine biogeographical patterns of the two families in the light of historical geological re-arrangements in the region. The results indicate that the Philippines were colonised in the Pliocene and that colonisation probably progressed via the Sulu islands from Borneo and not via Palawan, which was first colonised in the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moltesen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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29
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Baker RH, Narechania A, Johns PM, Wilkinson GS. Gene duplication, tissue-specific gene expression and sexual conflict in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:2357-75. [PMID: 22777023 PMCID: PMC3391427 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication provides an essential source of novel genetic material to facilitate rapid morphological evolution. Traits involved in reproduction and sexual dimorphism represent some of the fastest evolving traits in nature, and gene duplication is intricately involved in the origin and evolution of these traits. Here, we review genomic research on stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae) that has been used to examine the extent of gene duplication and its role in the genetic architecture of sexual dimorphism. Stalk-eyed flies are remarkable because of the elongation of the head into long stalks, with the eyes and antenna laterally displaced at the ends of these stalks. Many species are strongly sexually dimorphic for eyespan, and these flies have become a model system for studying sexual selection. Using both expressed sequence tag and next-generation sequencing, we have established an extensive database of gene expression in the developing eye-antennal imaginal disc, the adult head and testes. Duplicated genes exhibit narrower expression patterns than non-duplicated genes, and the testes, in particular, provide an abundant source of gene duplication. Within somatic tissue, duplicated genes are more likely to be differentially expressed between the sexes, suggesting gene duplication may provide a mechanism for resolving sexual conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Baker
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.
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30
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Milá B, Tavares ES, Muñoz Saldaña A, Karubian J, Smith TB, Baker AJ. A trans-Amazonian screening of mtDNA reveals deep intraspecific divergence in forest birds and suggests a vast underestimation of species diversity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40541. [PMID: 22815761 PMCID: PMC3398903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazonian avifauna remains severely understudied relative to that of the temperate zone, and its species richness is thought to be underestimated by current taxonomy. Recent molecular systematic studies using mtDNA sequence reveal that traditionally accepted species-level taxa often conceal genetically divergent subspecific lineages found to represent new species upon close taxonomic scrutiny, suggesting that intraspecific mtDNA variation could be useful in species discovery. Surveys of mtDNA variation in Holarctic species have revealed patterns of variation that are largely congruent with species boundaries. However, little information exists on intraspecific divergence in most Amazonian species. Here we screen intraspecific mtDNA genetic variation in 41 Amazonian forest understory species belonging to 36 genera and 17 families in 6 orders, using 758 individual samples from Ecuador and French Guiana. For 13 of these species, we also analyzed trans-Andean populations from the Ecuadorian Chocó. A consistent pattern of deep intraspecific divergence among trans-Amazonian haplogroups was found for 33 of the 41 taxa, and genetic differentiation and genetic diversity among them was highly variable, suggesting a complex range of evolutionary histories. Mean sequence divergence within families was the same as that found in North American birds (13%), yet mean intraspecific divergence in Neotropical species was an order of magnitude larger (2.13% vs. 0.23%), with mean distance between intraspecific lineages reaching 3.56%. We found no clear relationship between genetic distances and differentiation in plumage color. Our results identify numerous genetically and phenotypically divergent lineages which may result in new species-level designations upon closer taxonomic scrutiny and thorough sampling, although lineages in the tropical region could be older than those in the temperate zone without necessarily representing separate species. In-depth phylogeographic surveys are urgently needed to avoid underestimating tropical diversity, and the use of mtDNA markers can be instrumental in identifying and prioritizing taxa for species discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Higginson DM, Miller KB, Segraves KA, Pitnick S. Convergence, recurrence and diversification of complex sperm traits in diving beetles (Dytiscidae). Evolution 2012; 66:1650-61. [PMID: 22519797 PMCID: PMC3775504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sperm display remarkable morphological diversity among even closely related species, a pattern that is widely attributed to postcopulatory sexual selection. Surprisingly few studies have used phylogenetic analyses to discern the details of evolutionary diversification in ornaments and armaments subject to sexual selection, and the origins of novel sperm traits and their subsequent modification are particularly poorly understood. Here we investigate sperm evolution in diving beetles (Dytiscidae), revealing dramatic diversification in flagellum length, head shape, presence of sperm heteromorphism, and the presence/type of sperm conjugation, an unusual trait where two or more sperm unite for motility or transport. Sperm conjugation was found to be the ancestral condition in diving beetles, with subsequent diversification into three forms, each exhibiting varying degrees of evolutionary loss, convergence, and recurrence. Sperm head shape, but not length or heteromorphism, was found to evolve in a significantly correlated manner with conjugation, consistent with the different mechanisms of head alignment and binding required for the different forms of conjugation. Our study reveals that sperm morphological evolution is channeled along particular evolutionary pathways (i.e., conjugate form), yet subject to considerable diversification within those pathways through modification in sperm length, head shape, and heteromorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Higginson
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - Kelly B. Miller
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Kari A. Segraves
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - Scott Pitnick
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
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32
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WIENS JJ, SPARREBOOM M, ARNTZEN JW. Crest evolution in newts: implications for reconstruction methods, sexual selection, phenotypic plasticity and the origin of novelties. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2073-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Oliveira CC, Manfrin MH, Sene FDM, Jackson LL, Etges WJ. Variations on a theme: diversification of cuticular hydrocarbons in a clade of cactophilic Drosophila. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:179. [PMID: 21699713 PMCID: PMC3161901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We characterized variation and chemical composition of epicuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in the seven species of the Drosophila buzzatii cluster with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Despite the critical role of CHCs in providing resistance to desiccation and involvement in communication, such as courtship behavior, mating, and aggregation, few studies have investigated how CHC profiles evolve within and between species in a phylogenetic context. We analyzed quantitative differences in CHC profiles in populations of the D. buzzatii species cluster in order to assess the concordance of CHC differentiation with species divergence. Results Thirty-six CHC components were scored in single fly extracts with carbon chain lengths ranging from C29 to C39, including methyl-branched alkanes, n-alkenes, and alkadienes. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that CHC amounts were significantly different among all species and canonical discriminant function (CDF) analysis resolved all species into distinct, non-overlapping groups. Significant intraspecific variation was found in different populations of D. serido suggesting that this taxon is comprised of at least two species. We summarized CHC variation using CDF analysis and mapped the first five CHC canonical variates (CVs) onto an independently derived period (per) gene + chromosome inversion + mtDNA COI gene for each sex. We found that the COI sequences were not phylogenetically informative due to introgression between some species, so only per + inversion data were used. Positive phylogenetic signal was observed mainly for CV1 when parsimony methods and the test for serial independence (TFSI) were used. These results changed when no outgroup species were included in the analysis and phylogenetic signal was then observed for female CV3 and/or CV4 and male CV4 and CV5. Finally, removal of divergent populations of D. serido significantly increased the amount of phylogenetic signal as up to four out of five CVs then displayed positive phylogenetic signal. Conclusions CHCs were conserved among species while quantitative differences in CHC profiles between populations and species were statistically significant. Most CHCs were species-, population-, and sex-specific. Mapping CHCs onto an independently derived phylogeny revealed that a significant portion of CHC variation was explained by species' systematic affinities indicating phylogenetic conservatism in the evolution of these hydrocarbon arrays, presumptive waterproofing compounds and courtship signals as in many other drosophilid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia C de Oliveira
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 632, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Prager M, Andersson S. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF RED CAROTENOID COLORATION IN WIDOWBIRDS AND BISHOPS (EUPLECTES SPP.). Evolution 2010; 64:3609-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Milá B, Warren BH, Heeb P, Thébaud C. The geographic scale of diversification on islands: genetic and morphological divergence at a very small spatial scale in the Mascarene grey white-eye (Aves: Zosterops borbonicus). BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:158. [PMID: 20504327 PMCID: PMC2894829 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oceanic islands provide unique scenarios for studying the roles of geography and ecology in driving population divergence and speciation. Assessing the relative importance of selective and neutral factors in driving population divergence is central to understanding how such divergence may lead to speciation in small oceanic islands, where opportunities for gene flow and population mixing are potentially high. Here we report a case of genetic and morphological structure in the Mascarene grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus) a species that shows a striking, geographically structured plumage polymorphism on the topographically and ecologically complex island of Réunion, yet is monotypic on the relatively uniform neighbouring island of Mauritius. RESULTS Analysis of 276 AFLP loci in 197 individuals revealed prolonged independent evolution of Réunion and Mauritius populations, which is congruent with previous mtDNA assessments. Furthermore, populations on Réunion showed significant differentiation into three main genetic groups separating lowland from highland areas despite the small geographic distances involved. Genetic differentiation along the altitudinal gradient is consistent with morphometric analysis of fitness-related traits. Birds in the highlands were larger, yet had relatively smaller beaks than in the lowlands, suggesting the role of selection in shaping morphology and restricting gene flow along the gradient. No genetic differentiation between plumage morphs was detected in neutral markers, suggesting that plumage differences are of recent origin. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a dual role of vicariance and natural selection in differentiating populations of a passerine bird in an oceanic island at very small spatial scales. We propose a combination of past microallopatry driven by volcanic activity and selection-constrained dispersal along steep ecological gradients to explain the striking levels of population structure found within the island, although the possibility that genetic differences evolved in situ along the gradient cannot be ruled out at present. The lack of congruence between genetic groups and plumage morphs suggests that the latter are of recent origin and likely due to social or sexual selection acting on few loci. The presence of sharp and stable contact zones between plumage morphs suggests that they could be on independent evolutionary trajectories, yet whether or not they represent incipient species will require further research to directly assess the degree of reproductive isolation among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Milá
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - Ben H Warren
- UMR PVBMT, Université de La Réunion, 7 chemin de l'IRAT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - Philipp Heeb
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Thébaud
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the manakins (Aves: Pipridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 55:733-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cardoso GC, Mota PG. Evolution of female carotenoid coloration by sexual constraint in Carduelis finches. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:82. [PMID: 20334705 PMCID: PMC2865479 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Females often express the same ornaments as males to a similar or lesser degree. Female ornaments can be adaptive, but little is known regarding their origins and mode of evolution. Current utility does not imply evolutionary causation, and therefore it is possible that female ornamentation evolved due to selection on females, as a correlated response to selection on males (sexual constraint), or a combination of both. We tested these ideas simulating simple models for the evolution of male and female correlated traits, and compared their predictions against the coloration of finches in the genus Carduelis. Results For carotenoid-based ornamental coloration, a model of sexual constraint on females fits the Carduelis data well. The two alternative models (sexual constraint on males, and mutual constraint) were rejected as causing the similarities in carotenoid coloration between males and females. For melanin coloration, the correlation between the sexes was weaker, indicating that males and females evolved independently to a greater extent. Conclusions This indicates that sexual constraint on females was an important mechanism for the evolution of ornamental carotenoid coloration in females, but less so for melanin coloration. This does not mean that female carotenoid coloration is non-adaptive or maladaptive, because sexual dichromatism could evolve if it were maladaptive. It suggests, however, that most evolution of female carotenoid coloration was male-driven and, when adaptive, may not be an adaptation stricto sensu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo C Cardoso
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Jønsson KA, Irestedt M, Ericson PGP, Fjeldså J. A molecular phylogeny of minivets (Passeriformes: Campephagidae:Pericrocotus): implications for biogeography and convergent plumage evolution. ZOOL SCR 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Friedman NR, Hofmann CM, Kondo B, Omland KE. CORRELATED EVOLUTION OF MIGRATION AND SEXUAL DICHROMATISM IN THE NEW WORLD ORIOLES (ICTERUS). Evolution 2009; 63:3269-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Price JJ, Whalen LM. PLUMAGE EVOLUTION IN THE OROPENDOLAS AND CACIQUES: DIFFERENT DIVERGENCE RATES IN POLYGYNOUS AND MONOGAMOUS TAXA. Evolution 2009; 63:2985-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schmitz-Ornés A, Haase M. Adapting generalized frequency coding to use colour spectra in the determination of phylogenetic relationships: an example with hummingbirds. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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PRAGER M, ANDERSSON S. Phylogeny and evolution of sexually selected tail ornamentation in widowbirds and bishops (Euplectesspp.). J Evol Biol 2009; 22:2068-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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VanderWerf EA, Young LC, Yeung NW, Carlon DB. Stepping stone speciation in Hawaii’s flycatchers: molecular divergence supports new island endemics within the elepaio. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-9958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oliver JC, Robertson KA, Monteiro A. Accommodating natural and sexual selection in butterfly wing pattern evolution. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:2369-75. [PMID: 19364741 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual patterns in animals may serve different functions, such as attracting mates and deceiving predators. If a signal is used for multiple functions, the opportunity arises for conflict among the different functions, preventing optimization for any one visual signal. Here we investigate the hypothesis that spatial separation of different visual signal functions has occurred in Bicyclus butterflies. Using phylogenetic reconstructions of character evolution and comparisons of evolutionary rates, we found dorsal surface characters to evolve at higher rates than ventral characters. Dorsal characters also displayed sex-based differences in evolutionary rates more often than did ventral characters. Thus, dorsal characters corresponded to our predictions of mate signalling while ventral characters appear to play an important role in predator avoidance. Forewing characters also fit a model of mate signalling, and displayed higher rates of evolution than hindwing characters. Our results, as well as the behavioural and developmental data from previous studies of Bicyclus species, support the hypothesis that spatial separation of visual signal functions has occurred in Bicyclus butterflies. This study is the first to demonstrate, in a phylogenetic framework, that spatial separation of signals used for mate signalling and those used for predator avoidance is a viable strategy to accommodate multiple signal functions. This signalling strategy has important ramifications on the developmental evolution of wing pattern elements and diversification of butterfly species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Oliver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA.
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Stang AT, McRae SB. Why some rails have white tails: the evolution of white undertail plumage and anti-predator signaling. Evol Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-008-9283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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D'HORTA FERNANDOMENDONÇA, DA SILVA JOSÉMARIACARDOSO, RIBAS CAMILACHEREM. Species limits and hybridization zones in Icterus cayanensis-chrysocephalus group (Aves: Icteridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nguembock B, Fjeldså J, Couloux A, Pasquet E. Phylogeny of Laniarius: Molecular data reveal L. liberatus synonymous with L. erlangeri and “plumage coloration” as unreliable morphological characters for defining species and species groups. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 48:396-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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EATON MUIRD, SOBERÓN JORGE, PETERSON ATOWNSEND. Phylogenetic perspective on ecological niche evolution in american blackbirds (Family Icteridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kondo B, Peters JL, Rosensteel BB, Omland KE. COALESCENT ANALYSES OF MULTIPLE LOCI SUPPORT A NEW ROUTE TO SPECIATION IN BIRDS. Evolution 2008; 62:1182-91. [PMID: 18266986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Kondo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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DACOSTA JEFFREYM, KLICKA JOHN. The Great American Interchange in birds: a phylogenetic perspective with the genus Trogon. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1328-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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