1
|
Gall SC, Rodwell LD, Clark S, Robbins T, Attrill MJ, Holmes LA, Sheehan EV. The impact of potting for crustaceans on temperate rocky reef habitats: Implications for management. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105134. [PMID: 33032079 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-use marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly designated towards achieving global conservation targets. To develop effective management, the impact of permitted activities must be understood. Potting for shellfish occurs on temperate rocky reefs globally with impact not fully quantified. This UK-based study used underwater video to quantify (a) benthic condition of rocky reefs, (b) mechanisms of potting interaction and (c) true footprint of potting. Assemblages in static gear areas were more indicative of a healthy reef than those in mixed gear areas. Damage was recorded during pot hauling, but the area of damage was not the entire pot haul path. 25-30% of individuals were damaged (commonly through tissue abrasion) or removed. Notably, damage occurred to some long-lived, slow growing taxa raising concerns over impacts. Potting is more destructive than previously thought and managers must balance ecology with social and economic considerations to determine what level of impact is acceptable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Gall
- School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Lynda D Rodwell
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sarah Clark
- Devon & Severn Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority, Brixham Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon, TQ5 8BA, UK
| | - Tim Robbins
- Devon & Severn Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority, Brixham Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon, TQ5 8BA, UK; Marine & Fisheries, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2nd Floor, Foss House, York, YO1 7PX, UK
| | - Martin J Attrill
- School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Luke A Holmes
- School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Emma V Sheehan
- School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hiddink JG, Kaiser MJ, Sciberras M, McConnaughey RA, Mazor T, Hilborn R, Collie JS, Pitcher CR, Parma AM, Suuronen P, Rijnsdorp AD, Jennings S. Selection of indicators for assessing and managing the impacts of bottom trawling on seabed habitats. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert A. McConnaughey
- RACE Division Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries ServiceNOAA Seattle WA USA
| | - Tessa Mazor
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Ray Hilborn
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Jeremy S. Collie
- Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett RI USA
| | | | - Ana M. Parma
- Centro Nacional PatagónicoCONICET Puerto Madryn Argentina
| | - Petri Suuronen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Simon Jennings
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Copenhagen V Denmark
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park UK
- Lowestoft Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Suffolk UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Defining thresholds of sustainable impact on benthic communities in relation to fishing disturbance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5440. [PMID: 28710357 PMCID: PMC5511154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the direct physical impact on seabed biota is well understood, no studies have defined thresholds to inform an ecosystem-based approach to managing fishing impacts. We addressed this knowledge gap using a large-scale experiment that created a controlled gradient of fishing intensity and assessed the immediate impacts and short-term recovery. We observed a mosaic of taxon-specific responses at various thresholds. The lowest threshold of significant lasting impact occurred between 1 and 3 times fished and elicited a decrease in abundance of 39 to 70% for some sessile epifaunal organisms (cnidarians, bryozoans). This contrasted with significant increases in abundance and/or biomass of scavenging species (epifaunal echinoderms, infaunal crustaceans) by two to four-fold in areas fished twice and more. In spite of these significant specific responses, the benthic community structure, biomass and abundance at the population level appeared resilient to fishing. Overall, natural temporal variation in community metrics exceeded the effects of fishing in this highly dynamic study site, suggesting that an acute level of disturbance (fished over six times) would match the level of natural variation. We discuss the implications of our findings for natural resources management with respect to context-specific human disturbance and provide guidance for best fishing practices.
Collapse
|
4
|
Diaz Pauli B, Sih A. Behavioural responses to human-induced change: Why fishing should not be ignored. Evol Appl 2017; 10:231-240. [PMID: 28250808 PMCID: PMC5322409 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Change in behaviour is usually the first response to human‐induced environmental change and key for determining whether a species adapts to environmental change or becomes maladapted. Thus, understanding the behavioural response to human‐induced changes is crucial in the interplay between ecology, evolution, conservation and management. Yet the behavioural response to fishing activities has been largely ignored. We review studies contrasting how fish behaviour affects catch by passive (e.g., long lines, angling) versus active gears (e.g., trawls, seines). We show that fishing not only targets certain behaviours, but it leads to a multitrait response including behavioural, physiological and life‐history traits with population, community and ecosystem consequences. Fisheries‐driven change (plastic or evolutionary) of fish behaviour and its correlated traits could impact fish populations well beyond their survival per se, affecting predation risk, foraging behaviour, dispersal, parental care, etc., and hence numerous ecological issues including population dynamics and trophic cascades. In particular, we discuss implications of behavioural responses to fishing for fisheries management and population resilience. More research on these topics, however, is needed to draw general conclusions, and we suggest fruitful directions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Diaz Pauli
- Department of Biology University of Bergen Bergen Norway; Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syntheses (CEES) University of Oslo Oslo Norway; Inst. d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement - Paris (iEES-Paris) Sorbonne Universités/UPMC Univ Paris 06/CNRS/INRA/IRD/Paris Diderot Univ Paris 07/UPEC/Paris France
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Denderen PD, Rijnsdorp AD, van Kooten T. Using marine reserves to manage impact of bottom trawl fisheries requires consideration of benthic food-web interactions. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:2302-2310. [PMID: 27755714 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used to protect exploited fish species as well as to conserve marine habitats and their biodiversity. They have also become a popular management tool for bottom trawl fisheries, a common fishing technique on continental shelves worldwide. The effects of bottom trawling go far beyond the impact on target species, as trawls also affect other components of the benthic ecosystem and the seabed itself. This means that for bottom trawl fisheries, MPAs can potentially be used not only to conserve target species but also to reduce impact of these side effects of the fishery. However, predicting the protective effects of MPAs is complicated because the side effects of trawling potentially alter the food-web interactions between target and non-target species. These changes in predatory and competitive interactions among fish and benthic invertebrates may have important ramifications for MPAs as tools to manage or mitigate the effects of bottom trawling. Yet, in current theory regarding the functioning of MPAs in relation to bottom trawl fisheries, such predatory and competitive interactions between species are generally not taken into account. In this study, we discuss how food-web interactions that are potentially affected by bottom trawling may alter the effectiveness of MPAs to protect (1) biodiversity and marine habitats, (2) fish populations, (3) fisheries yield, and (4) trophic structure of the community. We make the case that in order to be applicable for bottom trawl fisheries, guidelines for the implementation of MPAs must consider their potential food-web effects, at the risk of failing management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Daniël van Denderen
- Wageningen Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), P.O. Box 68, 1970, AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan D Rijnsdorp
- Wageningen Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), P.O. Box 68, 1970, AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias van Kooten
- Wageningen Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), P.O. Box 68, 1970, AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lambert GI, Jennings S, Kaiser MJ, Davies TW, Hiddink JG. Quantifying recovery rates and resilience of seabed habitats impacted by bottom fishing. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys I. Lambert
- School of Ocean Sciences; Bangor University; Menai Bridge Anglesey LL59 5AB UK
| | - Simon Jennings
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science; Lowestoft Laboratory; Pakefield Road Lowestoft Suffolk NR33 0HT UK
| | - Michel J. Kaiser
- School of Ocean Sciences; Bangor University; Menai Bridge Anglesey LL59 5AB UK
| | - Thomas W. Davies
- School of Ocean Sciences; Bangor University; Menai Bridge Anglesey LL59 5AB UK
| | - Jan G. Hiddink
- School of Ocean Sciences; Bangor University; Menai Bridge Anglesey LL59 5AB UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sheehan EV, Stevens TF, Gall SC, Cousens SL, Attrill MJ. Recovery of a temperate reef assemblage in a marine protected area following the exclusion of towed demersal fishing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83883. [PMID: 24391841 PMCID: PMC3877100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas MPA have been widely used over the last 2 decades to address human impacts on marine habitats within an ecosystem management context. Few studies have quantified recovery of temperate rocky reef communities following the cessation of scallop dredging or demersal trawling. This is critical information for the future management of these habitats to contribute towards conservation and fisheries targets. The Lyme Bay MPA, in south west UK, has excluded towed demersal fishing gear from 206 km2 of sensitive reef habitat using a Statutory Instrument since July 2008. To assess benthic recovery in this MPA we used a flying video array to survey macro epi-benthos annually from 2008 to 2011. 4 treatments (the New Closure, previously voluntarily Closed Controls and Near or Far Open to fishing Controls) were sampled to test a recovery hypothesis that was defined as ‘the New Closure becoming more similar to the Closed Controls and less similar to the Open Controls’. Following the cessation of towed demersal fishing, within three years positive responses were observed for species richness, total abundance, assemblage composition and seven of 13 indicator taxa. Definitive evidence of recovery was noted for species richness and three of the indicator taxa (Pentapora fascialis, Phallusia mammillata and Pecten maximus). While it is hoped that MPAs, which exclude anthropogenic disturbance, will allow functional restoration of goods and services provided by benthic communities, it is an unknown for temperate reef systems. Establishing the likely timescales for restoration is key to future marine management. We demonstrate the early stages of successful recruitment and link these to the potential wider ecosystem benefits including those to commercial fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Sheehan
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Timothy F. Stevens
- Griffith School of Environment and Australian Rivers Institute - Coasts and Estuaries, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Gall
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie L. Cousens
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Attrill
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Langhamer O. Effects of wave energy converters on the surrounding soft-bottom macrofauna (west coast of Sweden). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 69:374-381. [PMID: 20138659 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Offshore wave energy conversion is expected to develop, thus contributing to an increase in submerged constructions on the seabed. An essential concern related to the deployment of wave energy converters (WECs) is their possible impact on the surrounding soft-bottom habitats. In this study, the macrofaunal assemblages in the seabed around the wave energy converters in the Lysekil research site on the Swedish west coast and a neighbouring reference site were examined yearly during a period of 5 years (2004-2008). Macrobenthic communities living in the WECs' surrounding seabed were mainly composed by organisms typical for the area and depth off the Swedish west coast. At both sites the number of individuals, number of species and biodiversity were low, and were mostly small, juvenile organisms. The species assemblages during the first years of sampling were significantly different between the Lysekil research site and the nearby reference site with higher species abundance in the research site. The high contribution to dissimilarities was mostly due to polychaetes. Sparse macrofaunal densities can be explained by strong hydrodynamic forces and/or earlier trawling. WECs may alter the surrounding seabed with an accumulation of organic matter inside the research area. This indicates that the deployment of WECs in the Lysekil research site tends to have rather minor direct ecological impacts on the surrounding benthic community relative to the natural high variances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Langhamer
- Dept. of Animal Ecology, UU, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toupoint N, Godet L, Fournier J, Retière C, Olivier F. Does Manila clam cultivation affect habitats of the engineer species Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766)? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1429-1438. [PMID: 18561956 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The major French site of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeves, 1850) cultivation is located in the Chausey Archipelago where the associated practices are highly mechanized: every steps of production are made with tractor-driven machinery. The Manila clam concessions are concentrated on Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) bioherms, which are known to increase alpha-diversity and to locally modify sediment dynamics. This study focus on the impacts of Manila clam cultivation on (i) the natural populations of L. conchilega and on (ii) the structure of the associated benthic assemblages during the different steps of the farming production cycle. We found that the L. conchilega populations are significantly affected within the concessions where their total abundances drastically decrease, their spatial patterns are modified and the associated benthic assemblages are significantly altered. Our results are discussed in a context of a sustainable management of the Manila clam cultivation in coastal areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Toupoint
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, CNRS UMR 5178 BOME, CRESCO - Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers 38, Rue du Port-Blanc, 35801 Dinard, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hiddink JG, Jennings S, Kaiser MJ. Indicators of the Ecological Impact of Bottom-Trawl Disturbance on Seabed Communities. Ecosystems 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Blyth-Skyrme RE, Kaiser MJ, Hiddink JG, Edwards-Jones G, Hart PJB. Conservation benefits of temperate marine protected areas: variation among fish species. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2006; 20:811-20. [PMID: 16909574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas, and other fishery management systems that impart partial or total protection from fishing, are increasingly advocated as an essential management tool to ensure the sustainable use of marine resources. Beneficial effects for fish species are well documented for tropical and reef systems, but the effects of marine protected areas remain largely untested in temperate waters. We compared trends in sport-fishing catches of nine fish species in an area influenced by a large (500-km2) towed-fishing-gear restriction zone and in adjacent areas under conventional fishery management controls. Over the period 1973-2002 the mean reported weight of above-average-sized (trophy) fish of species with early age at maturity and limited home range was greatest within the area influenced by the fishing-gear restriction zone. The reported weight of trophy fish of species that mature early also declined less and more slowly over time within the area influenced by the fishing-gear restriction zone. Importantly, the mean reported weight of trophy fish of species that mature late and those that undertake extensive spatial movements declined at the same rate in all areas. Hence these species are likely to require protected areas > 500 km2 for effective protection. Our results also indicated that fish species with a localized distribution or high site fidelity may require additional protection from sport fishing to prevent declines in the number or size of fish within the local population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Blyth-Skyrme
- School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales-Bangor, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaiser MJ, Edwards-Jones G. The role of ecolabeling in fisheries management and conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2006; 20:392-8. [PMID: 16903100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) regulates the ecolabeling of products from fisheries with the aim of promoting sustainable fishery practices. To date 11 fisheries have attained full certification and a further 7 are under review. Together these fisheries offer 220 ecolabeled marine products to consumers. Despite great potential to encourage sustainable fisheries, and thereby bring conservation benefits to marine systems, a range of issues may limit the wider uptake of MSC ecolabeled products. These include a general lack of consumer concern for marine fishes and sustainable fisheries, an absence of guaranteed continued financial benefits to participating fishers, and difficulties of quality assurance that are related to complexities of monitoring compliance of marine fisheries. In addition, it is apparent that property rights over the fishery seem to be an essential prerequisite for engagement in MSC, and this is one major impediment to wider uptake of the scheme in current marine fisheries, which tend to be open access. Some modifications to the current scheme may be needed if wider participation of marine fishers is to be achieved. These may include a tiered approach to certification, certification of fishers rather than fisheries, governmental facilitation to assist the latter and greater engagement with retailers and buyers rather than individual consumers. None of these changes will occur without constructive engagement of government, retailers, and the fishing industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel J Kaiser
- School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales-Bangor, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
GILL ANDREWB. Offshore renewable energy: ecological implications of generating electricity in the coastal zone. J Appl Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|