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Onursal C, Dick E, Angelidis I, Schiller HB, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Collagen Biosynthesis, Processing, and Maturation in Lung Ageing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:593874. [PMID: 34095157 PMCID: PMC8172798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.593874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing a macromolecular scaffold, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical regulator of cell function by virtue of specific physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. Collagen is the main ECM component and hence plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lung disease. It is well-established that many chronic lung diseases, e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) primarily manifest in the elderly, suggesting increased susceptibility of the aged lung or accumulated alterations in lung structure over time that favour disease. Here, we review the main steps of collagen biosynthesis, processing, and turnover and summarise what is currently known about alterations upon lung ageing, including changes in collagen composition, modification, and crosslinking. Recent proteomic data on mouse lung ageing indicates that, while the ER-resident machinery of collagen biosynthesis, modification and triple helix formation appears largely unchanged, there are specific changes in levels of type IV and type VI as well as the two fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACIT), namely type XIV and type XVI collagens. In addition, levels of the extracellular collagen crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase are decreased, indicating less enzymatically mediated collagen crosslinking upon ageing. The latter contrasts with the ageing-associated increase in collagen crosslinking by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), a result of spontaneous reactions of protein amino groups with reactive carbonyls, e.g., from monosaccharides or reactive dicarbonyls like methylglyoxal. Given the slow turnover of extracellular collagen such modifications accumulate even more in ageing tissues. In summary, the collective evidence points mainly toward age-induced alterations in collagen composition and drastic changes in the molecular nature of collagen crosslinks. Future work addressing the consequences of these changes may provide important clues for prevention of lung disease and for lung bioengineering and ultimately pave the way to novel targeted approaches in lung regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Onursal
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dick
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Dev T, Mahajan VK, Sethuraman G. Hereditary Palmoplantar Keratoderma: A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis. Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:365-379. [PMID: 31334055 PMCID: PMC6615398 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_367_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ridged skin of the palms and soles has several unique features: (i) presence of dermatoglyphics created by alternating ridges and grooves forming a unique pattern, (ii) presence of the highest density of eccrine sweat glands and absence of pilosebaceous units, and (iii) differential expression of keratins compared to the glabrous skin. These features explain the preferential localization of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and several of its characteristic clinical features. PPK develops as a compensatory hyperproliferation of the epidermis and excessive production of stratum corneum in response to altered cornification of the palmoplantar skin due to mutations in the genes encoding several of the proteins involved in it. PPK can manifest as diffuse, focal, striate, or punctate forms per se or as a feature of several dermatological or systemic diseases. There is a wide genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in hereditary PPK, due to which reaching an accurate diagnosis only on the basis of clinical features may be sometimes challenging for the clinicians in the absence of molecular studies. Nevertheless, recognizing the clinical patterns of keratoderma, extent of involvement, degree of mutilation, and associated appendageal and systemic involvement may help in delineating different forms. Molecular studies, despite high cost, are imperative for accurate classification, recognizing clinical patterns in resource poor settings is important for appropriate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and management. This review intends to develop a practical approach for clinical diagnosis of different types of hereditary PPK with reasonable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Dev
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikram K Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gomathy Sethuraman
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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3
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Guerra L, Castori M, Didona B, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part I. Non-syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas: classification, clinical and genetic features. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:704-719. [PMID: 29489036 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) indicates any form of persistent thickening of the epidermis of palms and soles and includes genetic as well as acquired conditions. We review the nosology of hereditary PPKs that comprise an increasing number of entities with different prognoses, and a multitude of associated cutaneous and extracutaneous features. On the basis of the phenotypic consequences of the underlying genetic defect, hereditary PPKs may be divided into the following: (i) non-syndromic, isolated PPKs, which are characterized by a unique or predominant palmoplantar involvement; (ii) non-syndromic PPKs with additional distinctive cutaneous and adnexal manifestations, here named complex PPKs; (iii) syndromic PPKs, in which PPK is associated with specific extracutaneous manifestations. To date, the diagnosis of the different hereditary PPKs is based mainly on clinical history and features combined with histopathological findings. In recent years, the exponentially increasing use of next-generation sequencing technologies has led to the identification of several novel disease genes, and thus substantially contributed to elucidate the molecular basis of such a heterogeneous group of disorders. Here, we focus on hereditary non-syndromic isolated and complex PPKs. Syndromic PPKs are reviewed in the second part of this 2-part article, where other well-defined genetic diseases, which may present PPK among their phenotypic manifestations, are also listed and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PPKs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - B Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area and Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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4
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Charfeddine C, Ktaifi C, Laroussi N, Hammami H, Jmel H, Landoulsi Z, Badri T, Benmously R, Bchetnia M, Boubaker M, Fenniche S, Abdelhak S, Mokni M. Clinical and molecular investigation of Buschke-Fischer-Brauer in consanguineous Tunisian families. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:2122-2130. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Charfeddine
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR11IPT05); University of Tunis El Manar; Pasteur Institut of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
- High Institut of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet; University of Manouba; Biotechpole of SidiThabet; Ariana Tunisia
| | - C. Ktaifi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR11IPT05); University of Tunis El Manar; Pasteur Institut of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - N. Laroussi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR11IPT05); University of Tunis El Manar; Pasteur Institut of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - H. Hammami
- Department of Dermatology; Habib Thameur Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Laboratory of Genodermatosis and Cancer (LR12SP03); University of Tunis El Manar; Faculty of Medecine Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - H. Jmel
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR11IPT05); University of Tunis El Manar; Pasteur Institut of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Z. Landoulsi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR11IPT05); University of Tunis El Manar; Pasteur Institut of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - T. Badri
- Department of Dermatology; Habib Thameur Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
| | - R. Benmously
- Department of Dermatology; Habib Thameur Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
| | - M. Bchetnia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR11IPT05); University of Tunis El Manar; Pasteur Institut of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - M.S. Boubaker
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology; Pasteur Institute of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - S. Fenniche
- Department of Dermatology; Habib Thameur Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Laboratory of Genodermatosis and Cancer (LR12SP03); University of Tunis El Manar; Faculty of Medecine Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - S. Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR11IPT05); University of Tunis El Manar; Pasteur Institut of Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
| | - M. Mokni
- Department of Dermatology; CHU La Rabta Tunis; Tunis Tunisia
- CHU La Rabta Tunis; Research Unit on Hereditary Keratinizaton Disorders UR12SP07; Tunis Tunisia
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Maione V, Stinco G, Orsaria M, Errichetti E. Keratotic papules of palms and soles. Dermatol Pract Concept 2015; 5:67-8. [PMID: 26114055 PMCID: PMC4462902 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0502a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Maione
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Dermatology, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stinco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Dermatology, University of Udine, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Errichetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Dermatology, University of Udine, Italy
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Seebode C, Schiller S, Emmert S, Giehl K. [Palmoplantar dermatoses: when should genes be considered?]. Hautarzt 2014; 65:499-512. [PMID: 24898504 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmoplantar dermatoses are common. They can be both functionally debilitating and markedly stigmatize the patient because they are so visible. Dermatoses on the hands and feet often go along with palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Such palmoplantar keratoses (PPK) can be classified into acquired (non-hereditary) and hereditary (monogenetic) PPK. OBJECTIVES A considerable proportion of PPK develop on the grounds of gene defects. As these diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of quite uncommon single entities, the treating physician must know when to entertain the diagnosis of a hereditary PPK and which causative genes should be considered. METHODS We summarize the common causes of acquired and hereditary PPK based on a review of the latest literature. RESULTS The most common causes of acquired PPK are inflammatory dermatoses like psoriasis, lichen planus, or hand and feet eczema. Also irritative-toxic (arsenic poisoning, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and infectious causes of PPK (human papilloma viruses, syphilis, scabies, tuberculosis, mycoses) are not uncommon. Genetically caused PPK may occur isolated, within syndromes or as a paraneoplastic marker. The clinical/histological classification discerns diffuse, focal, or punctuate forms of PPK with and without epidermolysis. A new classification based on the causative gene defect is starting to replace the traditional clinical classification. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge about the large, but heterogeneous group of hereditary PPK is important to adequately counsel and treat patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seebode
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
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7
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Cui H, Gao M, Wang W, Xiao R, Chen G, Zhang Q, Fu H, Zhou Y, Guo B, Dong Y, Shen J, Zhang M, Yue Z, Liu F, Lin D, Gao T, Zhang A, Zhou W, Sun L, Yang S, Wang J, Cui Y, Zhang X. Six Mutations in AAGAB Confirm Its Pathogenic Role in Chinese Punctate Palmoplantar Keratoderma Patients. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2631-2634. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Li M, Yang L, Shi H, Guo B, Dai X, Yao Z, Zhang G. Loss-of-function mutation inAAGABin Chinese families with punctuate palmoplantar keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:168-71. [PMID: 23448244 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Li
- Department of Dermatology; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China
| | - L. Yang
- Department of Dermatology; Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital; Jiangsu China
| | - H. Shi
- Department of Dermatology; Wuxi People's Hospital; Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - B. Guo
- Department of Dermatology; the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and the First People's Hospital of Hefei; Anhui China
| | - X. Dai
- Department of Dermatology; Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital; Jiangsu China
| | - Z. Yao
- Department of Dermatology; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China
| | - G. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology; Wuxi People's Hospital; Wuxi, Jiangsu China
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9
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Heterozygous mutations in AAGAB cause type 1 punctate palmoplantar keratoderma with evidence for increased growth factor signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2805-2808. [PMID: 23743648 PMCID: PMC3826975 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Pohler E, Mamai O, Hirst J, Zamiri M, Horn H, Nomura T, Irvine AD, Moran B, Wilson NJ, Smith FJD, Goh CSM, Sandilands A, Cole C, Barton GJ, Evans AT, Shimizu H, Akiyama M, Suehiro M, Konohana I, Shboul M, Teissier S, Boussofara L, Denguezli M, Saad A, Gribaa M, Dopping-Hepenstal PJ, McGrath JA, Brown SJ, Goudie DR, Reversade B, Munro CS, McLean WHI. Haploinsufficiency for AAGAB causes clinically heterogeneous forms of punctate palmoplantar keratoderma. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1272-6. [PMID: 23064416 PMCID: PMC3836166 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are a group of disorders that are diagnostically and therapeutically problematic in dermatogenetics. Punctate PPKs are characterized by circumscribed hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles with considerable heterogeneity. In 18 families with autosomal dominant punctate PPK, we report heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in AAGAB, encoding α- and γ-adaptin-binding protein p34, located at a previously linked locus at 15q22. α- and γ-adaptin-binding protein p34, a cytosolic protein with a Rab-like GTPase domain, was shown to bind both clathrin adaptor protein complexes, indicating a role in membrane trafficking. Ultrastructurally, lesional epidermis showed abnormalities in intracellular vesicle biology. Immunohistochemistry showed hyperproliferation within the punctate lesions. Knockdown of AAGAB in keratinocytes led to increased cell division, which was linked to greatly elevated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation. We hypothesize that p34 deficiency may impair endocytic recycling of growth factor receptors such as EGFR, leading to increased signaling and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pohler
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, College of Life Sciences and College of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, UK
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Giehl K, Eckstein G, Pasternack S, Praetzel-Wunder S, Ruzicka T, Lichtner P, Seidl K, Rogers M, Graf E, Langbein L, Braun-Falco M, Betz R, Strom T. Nonsense mutations in AAGAB cause punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type Buschke-Fischer-Brauer. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:754-9. [PMID: 23000146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Punctate palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKPs) are rare autosomal-dominant inherited skin diseases that are characterized by multiple hyperkeratotic plaques distributed on the palms and soles. To date, two different loci in chromosomal regions 15q22-15q24 and 8q24.13-8q24.21 have been reported. Pathogenic mutations, however, have yet to be identified. In order to elucidate the genetic cause of PPKP type Buschke-Fischer-Brauer (PPKP1), we performed exome sequencing in five affected individuals from three families, and we identified in chromosomal region 15q22.33-q23 two heterozygous nonsense mutations-c.370C>T (p.Arg124(∗)) and c.481C>T (p.Arg161(∗))-in AAGAB in all affected individuals. Using immunoblot analysis, we showed that both mutations result in premature termination of translation and truncated protein products. Analyses of mRNA of affected individuals revealed that the disease allele is either not detectable or only detectable at low levels. To assess the consequences of the mutations in skin, we performed immunofluorescence analyses. Notably, the amount of granular staining in the keratinocytes of affected individuals was lower in the cytoplasm but higher around the nucleus than it was in the keratinocytes of control individuals. AAGAB encodes the alpha-and gamma-adaptin-binding protein p34 and might play a role in membrane traffic as a chaperone. The identification of mutations, along with the results from additional studies, defines the genetic basis of PPKP1 and provides evidence that AAGAB plays an important role in skin integrity.
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Khan S, Muzaffar S, Tariq M, Khan A, Basit S, Ahmad W. Mapping of a novel locus for an autosomal recessive form of palmoplantar keratoderma on chromosome 3q27.2-q29. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:711-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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El Amri I, Mamai O, Ghariani N, Denguezli M, Sriha B, Adala L, Saad A, Gribaa M, Nouira R. [Clinical and genetic characteristics of Buschke-Fischer-Brauer's disease in a Tunisian family]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010; 137:269-75. [PMID: 20417359 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPPK), or Buschke-Fischer-Brauer's disease, is a rare form of genodermatosis with autosomal dominant transmission and with variable penetrance. Its molecular basis remains unknown. Two loci were found to be linked to this disease: one on 15q22 and the other on 8q24. We report the clinical and genetic characteristics of PPPK in a Tunisian family. PATIENTS AND METHODS A Tunisian family with PPPK was identified through a proband. As far as possible, history taking, physical examination, histopathological tests and blood sampling for DNA extraction were carried out for each patient. RESULTS Seventeen patients were included in this study. Age ranged from 15 to 81 years with a sex-ratio of 3.2 m/f. Lesions appeared between the ages of 10 and 65 years and at a mean of 28 years. Clinically, lesions ranged from few keratotic papules on the palms to coalescence of lesions in plaques over palmar and/or plantar surfaces. Hyperhydrosis, hypopigmented macules and nail dystrophy were frequently associated. In all patients, histopathological examination revealed thickening of the epidermis with compact orthohyperkeratosis overlying a small and sharply demarcated area of depressed epidermis. Mechanical measures and keratolytic ointments proved non-beneficial. Genotyping for chromosomes 8 and 15 as well as LOD scores confirmed genetic linkage with the suspected locus on chromosome 15q, with the interval of the locus in question reduced to 3.26 Mb. This region is flanked by markers D15S987 and D15S153. CONCLUSION Our study of this family confirmed the classical characteristics of KPP-BFB as well as demonstrating several associated clinical signs of which the significance will be determined in subsequent studies. Further screening studies to identify mutated genes in the region of interest will help us to understand the molecular basis of this disease and hopefully to propose suitable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I El Amri
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie
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14
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Clinical, histological and genetic investigation of Buschke-Fischer-Brauer's disease in Tunisian families. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 54:54-6. [PMID: 19136236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Erkek E, Ayva S. Wood's light excites white fluorescence of type I hereditary punctate keratoderma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21:993-4. [PMID: 17659022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Erkek
- Department of Dermatology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Motokawa T, Kato T, Hashimoto Y, Katagiri T. Effect of Val92Met and Arg163Gln variants of the MC1R gene on freckles and solar lentigines in Japanese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:140-3. [PMID: 17371441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) is a highly polymorphic gene. The variety of the variants is dependent on the ethnic background of the individual. In Caucasians, specific variants, such as Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp, and Asp294His, are strongly associated with red hair, skin cancer and pigmented lesions. In Asians, there is no report so far indicating an association such as that observed in Caucasians. Here, we performed an association study on melanogenic phenotypes in 245 Japanese individuals. We focused on freckles and solar lentigines as melanogenic phenotypes. The 92Met allele and the 163Arg allele were positively associated with freckles and severe solar lentigines; the 163Gln allele showed a negative association. Those subjects who were homozygous for both the 92Met and 163Arg alleles had a highly elevated risk of developing freckles (OR: 7.92; 95% CI: 1.52-39.6) and severe solar lentigines (OR: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.34-13.1). Our study is the first report to show a clear association of MC1R variants on melanogenic phenotypes in Asians and also indicates the importance of Arg163Gln. In vitro studies by other groups demonstrated that Val92Met impaired MC1R function but Arg163Gln did not. Based on these in vitro studies, we believe that the result we observed for Val92Met could be attributed to impaired MC1R function, while, for Arg163Gln, other factors, e.g. effect of other loci, need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Motokawa
- Cutaneous Drug Research Laboratories, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0812, Japan.
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Aoki H, Moro O, Tagami H, Kishimoto J. Gene expression profiling analysis of solar lentigo in relation to immunohistochemical characteristics. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156:1214-23. [PMID: 17419692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar lentigo appears as dark brown spots that occur on sun-exposed areas and is considered to be a hallmark of aged skin. Although considerable knowledge about acute pigmentation has recently been accumulated, little is yet known about the mechanisms underlying chronic- and delayed-type hyperpigmentation, such as solar lentigo. OBJECTIVES To clarify further the mechanisms underlying the development of solar lentigo, we carried out gene expression analysis in skin biopsy specimens obtained from human solar lentigines using DNA microarray analysis. METHODS Two pairs of skin specimens were obtained from solar lentigo and adjacent sun-exposed normal skin, as well as normal skin on the buttocks of 16 volunteers aged 40-55 years. One set of specimens was frozen and RNA was extracted for microarray and the other set was prepared for histological sections and analysed by antibodies and probes. RESULTS Sixty-five genes were upregulated more than 1.8-fold in solar lentigo compared with adjacent control skin and seven melanocyte-related genes were included. Compared with sun-protected skin, many inflammation-related genes were upregulated in solar lentigo, and compared with sun-exposed control skin, upregulation of genes related to fatty-acid metabolism was apparent in solar lentigo. Moreover, we found downregulation of cornified envelope-related genes, which suggests suppression of cornification in the epidermis in solar lentigo. Immunohistochemically, larger numbers of TRP1-positive cells were found in the basal layer of solar lentigo than in normal skin. Fatty acid-related genes were highly expressed in the epidermis as detected by in situ hybridization, and they were much more prominent in the lesional skin of solar lentigo. However, cycling epidermal cells detectable with Ki67 antibody were fewer in the lesional skin of solar lentigo. Expression of filaggrin and involucrin was decreased in the lesional skin, where the number of cell layers of the stratum corneum was significantly higher than in normal skin. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present microarray analysis of solar lentigo, demonstrating upregulation of genes related to inflammation, fatty-acid metabolism and melanocytes and downregulation of cornified envelope-related genes, suggest that solar lentigo is induced by the mutagenic effect of repeated ultraviolet light exposures in the past, leading to the characteristic enhancement of melanin production, together with decreased proliferation and differentiation of lesional keratinocytes on the background of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aoki
- Shiseido Research Center, 2-12-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-8643, Japan.
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Kluger N, Augias D, Guillot B. Kératodermie palmo-plantaire ponctuée de Buschke-Fischer-Brauer. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134:210-1. [PMID: 17375028 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)91624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kluger
- Université Montpellier I, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5.
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Gao M, Yang S, Li M, Yan KL, Jiang YX, Cui Y, Xiao FL, Shen YJ, Chen JJ, Liu JB, Xu SJ, Huang W, Zhang XJ. Refined localization of a punctate palmoplantar keratoderma gene to a 5.06-cM region at 15q22.2-15q22.31. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:874-8. [PMID: 15888140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a rare autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder characterized by numerous hyperkeratotic papules distributed on the palms and soles. Two loci for punctate PPK were recently found to be located on 8q24.13-8q24.21 and 15q22-15q24. However, no genes for this disease have been identified to date. Objectives To refine the previously mapped regions and to identify the disease gene locus in a four-generation Chinese family with punctate PPK. METHODS Genetic linkage analysis was carried out in this family using microsatellite markers on chromosomes 8q and 15q. Two-point linkage analysis was performed using Linkage programs version 5.10 and the haplotype was constructed using Cyrillic version 2.02 software. RESULTS We failed to confirm our previous locus at 8q24.13-8q24.21, but significant evidence for linkage was observed in the region of 15q with a maximum two-point LOD score of 5.38 at D15S153 (theta = 0.00). Haplotype analysis localized the punctate PPK locus within the region defined by D15S651 and D15S988. This region overlaps by 5.06 cM with the previously reported punctate PPK region. CONCLUSIONS This study refines a disease gene causing punctate PPK to a 5.06-cM interval at 15q22.2-15q22.31.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at no. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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