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Ivarsson J, Bennett A, Ferrara F, Strauch R, Vallase A, Iorizzo M, Pecorelli A, Lila MA, Valacchi G. Gut-derived wild blueberry phenolic acid metabolites modulate extrinsic cutaneous damage. Food Funct 2024; 15:7849-7864. [PMID: 38962816 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
As the first line of defense, the skin is equipped with various physiological mechanisms positioned to prevent incoming oxidative damage from numerous environmental insults. With persistent exposure to the environment, understanding ways to augment the skin defenses is paramount in protecting from premature aging. In this study, we investigated the ability of five dietary phenolic metabolites, typically found in the bloodstream after wild blueberry consumption, to successfully defend the skin from UV light exposure in a novel ex vivo co-culture model of human skin explants and primary endothelial cells. Skin explants, placed in transwell inserts, were exposed to UV, and subsequently co-cultured with endothelial cells. When the endothelial cells had been pretreated with the bioactive metabolites at physiological concentrations (hippuric acid 3000 nM, isoferulic acid 1000 nM, salicylic acid 130 nM, benzoic acid 900 nM, α-hydroxyhippuric acid 400 nM) cutaneous damage was prevented on the co-cultured with UV-challenged skin explants. Co-culture with non-pretreated endothelial cells did not protect skin explants. Specifically, the pretreatment was able to reduce skin lipid peroxidation (measured as 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts), and pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4). Furthermore, pretreatment with the metabolites prevented UV-induced release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-8 as well as nitric oxides (NO) levels. In addition, the metabolites showed an impressive ability to prevent the loss of cutaneous structural proteins including involucrin and collagen type 1. Of note, endothelial cells cultured with UV exposed skin explants exhibited increased oxidative stress demonstrated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) up-regulation which was significantly prevented in the metabolite treated models. These findings highlight the ability of dietary polyphenolic metabolites to improve cutaneous defenses against extrinsic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Abby Bennett
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Renee Strauch
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Andrea Vallase
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul, South Korea
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Reeder TL, Zarlenga DS, Zeigler AL, Dyer RM. Transcriptional responses consistent with perturbation in dermo-epidermal homeostasis in septic sole ulceration. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00843-9. [PMID: 38825108 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate transcriptional changes in sole epidermis and dermis of bovine claws with septic sole ulceration of the lateral claw. Assessment included changes in transcripts orchestrating epidermal homeostatic processes including epidermal proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and cell signaling. Sole epidermis and dermis was removed from region 4 of lesion-bearing lateral and lesion-free medial claws of pelvic limbs in multiparous, lactating Holstein cows. Control sole epidermis and dermis was obtained from region 4 of lateral claws of normal pelvic limbs. Transcript abundances were evaluated by real-time QPCR and relative expression analyzed by ANOVA. Relative to normal lateral claws, sole epidermis and dermis in ulcer-bearing claws exhibited downregulation of genes associated with growth factors, growth factor receptors, activator protein 1 (AP-1) and proto-oncogene (CMYC) transcription components, cell cycle elements, lateral cell-to-cell signaling elements and structures of early and late keratinocyte differentiation. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of pro-inflammatory transcripts interleukin 1 α (IL1A), interleukin1 β (IL1B), interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), the inflammasome components NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), pyrin and caspase recruitment domain (PYCARD), and caspase-1 interleukin converting enzyme (CASPASE), the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), and anti-inflammatory genes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) and interleukin1 receptor 2 (IL1R2). Transcript abundance varied across epidermis and dermis from the ulcer center, margin and epidermis and dermis adjacent to the lesion. Sole epidermis and dermis of lesion-free medial claws exhibited changes paralleling those in the adjacent lateral claws in an environment lacking inflammatory transcripts and downregulated IL1A, interleukin 18 (IL18), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA) and NOS2. These data imply perturbations in signal pathways driving epidermal proliferation and differentiation are associated with, but not inevitably linked to epidermis and dermis inflammation. Further work is warranted to better define the role of crushing tissue injury, sepsis, metalloproteinase activity, and inflammation in sole ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Reeder
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303
| | - D S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - A L Zeigler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - R M Dyer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303.
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Yang S, Kang W, Choi D, Roh J, Park T. Dihydromyrcenol Modulates Involucrin Expression through the Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2246. [PMID: 38396923 PMCID: PMC10889318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermis serves as a protective barrier against external threats and is primarily composed of keratinocytes, which ultimately form corneocytes. Involucrin, a protein integral to the cornified envelope, plays a pivotal role in preserving the functional integrity of the skin barrier. Previous studies have shown that Akt plays an important role in keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier development. This study investigated whether dihydromyrcenol (DHM), a plant-derived terpene, could increase involucrin production in keratinocytes and sought to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. To accomplish this objective, we assessed the alterations in involucrin by DHM through quantitative PCR and Western blot on the HaCaT cell line. The changes in the promoter levels were investigated using luciferase assays. Furthermore, upstream mechanisms were explored through the use of siRNA and inhibitors. To strengthen our findings, the results were subsequently validated in primary cells and 3D skin equivalents. DHM significantly increased involucrin mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the Fyn-Akt signaling pathway was found to be required for DHM-induced involucrin expression, as inhibition of Fyn or Akt blocked the increase in involucrin mRNA induced by DHM. The transcription factor Sp1, which is recognized as one of the transcription factors for involucrin, was observed to be activated in response to DHM treatment. Moreover, DHM increased epidermal thickness in a 3D human skin model. These findings suggest that the modulation of involucrin expression with DHM could improve skin barrier function and highlight the importance of manipulating the Akt pathway to achieve this improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (W.K.); (D.C.); (J.R.)
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4
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Yang F, Hu Y, Shi Z, Liu M, Hu K, Ye G, Pang Q, Hou R, Tang K, Zhu Y. The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:123. [PMID: 38297325 PMCID: PMC10832115 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal strictures significantly impair patient quality of life and present a therapeutic challenge, particularly due to the high recurrence post-ESD/EMR. Current treatments manage symptoms rather than addressing the disease's etiology. This review concentrates on the mechanisms of esophageal stricture formation and recurrence, seeking to highlight areas for potential therapeutic intervention. METHODS A literature search was conducted through PUBMED using search terms: esophageal stricture, mucosal resection, submucosal dissection. Relevant articles were identified through manual review with reference lists reviewed for additional articles. RESULTS Preclinical studies and data from animal studies suggest that the mechanisms that may lead to esophageal stricture include overdifferentiation of fibroblasts, inflammatory response that is not healed in time, impaired epithelial barrier function, and multimethod factors leading to it. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier may be the initiating mechanism for esophageal stricture. Achieving perfect in-epithelialization by tissue-engineered fabrication of cell patches has been shown to be effective in the treatment and prevention of esophageal strictures. CONCLUSION The development of esophageal stricture involves three stages: structural damage to the esophageal epithelial barrier (EEB), chronic inflammation, and severe fibrosis, in which dysfunction or damage to the EEB is the initiating mechanism leading to esophageal stricture. Re-epithelialization is essential for the treatment and prevention of esophageal stricture. This information will help clinicians or scientists to develop effective techniques to treat esophageal stricture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Shi
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujie Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Pang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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Goruppi S, Clocchiatti A, Bottoni G, Di Cicco E, Ma M, Tassone B, Neel V, Demehri S, Simon C, Paolo Dotto G. The ULK3 kinase is a determinant of keratinocyte self-renewal and tumorigenesis targeting the arginine methylome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:887. [PMID: 36797248 PMCID: PMC9935893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms oversee epidermal homeostasis and oncogenesis. The identification of kinases controlling these processes has direct therapeutic implications. We show that ULK3 is a nuclear kinase with elevated expression levels in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in multiple body sites, including skin and Head/Neck. ULK3 loss by gene silencing or deletion reduces proliferation and clonogenicity of human keratinocytes and SCC-derived cells and affects transcription impinging on stem cell-related and metabolism programs. Mechanistically, ULK3 directly binds and regulates the activity of two histone arginine methyltransferases, PRMT1 and PRMT5 (PRMT1/5), with ULK3 loss compromising PRMT1/5 chromatin association to specific genes and overall methylation of histone H4, a shared target of these enzymes. These findings are of translational significance, as downmodulating ULK3 by RNA interference or locked antisense nucleic acids (LNAs) blunts the proliferation and tumorigenic potential of SCC cells and promotes differentiation in two orthotopic models of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Min Ma
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Shadhmer Demehri
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Christian Simon
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland.
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland.
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Sericin-Based Poly(Vinyl) Alcohol Relieves Plaque and Epidermal Lesions in Psoriasis; a Chance for Dressing Development in a Specific Area. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010145. [PMID: 36613589 PMCID: PMC9820396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The noncontagious immune-mediated skin disease known as psoriasis is regarded as a chronic skin condition with a 0.09-11.4% global prevalence. The main obstacle to the eradication of the disease continues to be insufficient treatment options. Sericin, a natural biopolymer from Bombyx mori cocoons, can improve skin conditions via its immunomodulatory effect. Many external therapeutic methods are currently used to treat psoriasis, but sericin-based hydrogel is not yet used to treat plaques of eczema. Through the use of an imiquimod rat model, this study sought to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of a silk sericin-based poly(vinyl) alcohol (SS/PVA) hydrogel and assess both its therapeutic and toxic effects on psoriasis. The cytokines, chemokines, and genes involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis were investigated, focusing on the immuno-pathological relationships. We discovered that the SS/PVA had a stable fabrication and proper release. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties of SS/PVA reduced the severity of psoriasis in both gross and microscopic skin lesions. This was demonstrated by a decrease in the epidermal histopathology score, upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and interleukin (IL)-10, and a decrease in the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-20. Moreover, the genes S100a7a and S100a14 were downregulated. Additionally, in rats given the SS/PVA treatment, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels were within normal limits. Our findings indicate that SS/PVA is safe and may be potentiated to treat psoriasis in a variety of forms and locations of plaque because of its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.
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Abstract
Africa is counted amongst the cosmetic market contributors; however, South Africa’s remarkable plant diversity is still largely untapped in terms of its potential for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Thus, we aim to provide a critical assessment of the advancements made in South African cosmeceuticals with emphasis towards online local companies/brands that are manufactured by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). For the current study, we limited our search of herbal cosmeceutical products to SMMEs with online websites, or products traded in other online cosmetic directories such as ‘Faithful to Nature’ and ‘African Botanicals’ using a simple Google search. We recorded more than 50 South African SMME companies/brands involved in the trade of cosmeceuticals. Skin and hair care were the major product categories widely traded in these online platforms. Furthermore, few patents were recorded from South African researchers and institutions thereof, which is quite alarming considering the extensive research that has been undertaken to study these commercially valuable plants. Based on the increasing number of new products and the wide pool of economically important plants coupled to their associated rich indigenous knowledge systems, the cosmeceutical sector can contribute to the economy, job creation, entrepreneurship skills, socio-economic development and intellectual property generation.
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Pruschinski Fernandes MT, Farias dos Santos J, Freitas BL, Reigado GR, Antunes F, Tessarollo NG, Chambergo Alcalde FS, Strauss BE, Nunes VA. Reporter system controlled by the involucrin promoter as a tool to follow epidermal differentiation. Biochimie 2022; 201:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Razia S, Park H, Shin E, Shim KS, Cho E, Kang MC, Kim SY. Synergistic effect of Aloe vera flower and Aloe gel on cutaneous wound healing targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway: In-vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115096. [PMID: 35182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Liliaceae family) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant, that has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, for decades ranging from cancer to skin disorders including wounds. It has been included in the traditional and herbal healthcare systems of many cultures around the world, as well as the pharmacopeia of different countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also confirmed its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, etc. in the consistency of its historical and traditional uses. However, most studies to date are based on the A. vera gel and latex including its wound-healing effects. Very few studies have been focused on its flower, and rarely with its effects on cutaneous wound healing and its molecular mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the synergistic effect of the A. vera flower (AVF) and Aloe gel (PAG) on cutaneous wound-healing, as well as revealing its molecular mechanism targeting microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) and its associated signaling pathway. METHODS To investigate the synergistic effect of A. vera flower and Aloe gel in cutaneous wound healing, cell viability, and cell migration, as well proliferation assay was performed. This was followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses in wounded conditions to check the effects of this mixture on protein and mRNA levels in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) -mediated knockdown of MFAP4 in NHDF cells was performed followed by migration assay and cell cycle analysis, to confirm its role in cutaneous wound healing. Additionally, HaCaT cells were included in this study to evaluate its migratory and anti-inflammatory effects. RESULTS Based on our obtained results, the PAG and AVF mixture synergistically induced the proliferation, migration, and especially ECM formation of NHDF cells by enhancing the expression of MFAP4. Other extracellular components associated with MFAP4 signaling pathway, such as fibrillin, collagen, elastin, TGF β, and α-SMA, also increased at both the protein and mRNA levels. Subsequently, this mixture initiated the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT signaling pathways, and the S-phase of the cell cycle was also slightly modified. Also, the mixture induced the migration of HaCaT cells along with the suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the siRNA-mediated knockdown highlighted the crucial role of MFAP4 in cutaneous wound healing in NHDF cells. CONCLUSION This study showed that the mixture of PAG and AVF has significant wound healing effects targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway. Additionally, MFAP4 was recognized as a new potential biomarker of wound healing, which can be confirmed by further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Razia
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Hyunsung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Eunju Shin
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Suk Shim
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chol Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea.
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Wong YL, Okubo T, Uno E, Suda K, Ishii T. Role of CD99 in regulating homeostasis and differentiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:108-113. [PMID: 35339749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CD99 is a glycoprotein primarily expressed in immune cells. Physiologically, it is involved in the adhesion, migration, and development of immune cells. The presence of CD99 in the skin was first reported in 2016 and its function is yet to be determined. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of CD99 in the skin using normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). CD99 expression increased with the confluency of NHEK, while the CD99-high expressing NHEK lost their stem cell properties and played a role in barrier function. We characterized CD99-expressing NHEK as cells committed to early differentiation because they expressed early differentiation markers. However, the deficiency of CD99 in NHEK disrupted homeostasis and caused aberrant differentiation, as evidenced by larger cells with lesser Ki67 staining and higher expression of terminal differentiation markers. Hence, we propose that CD99 is involved in maintaining homeostasis and initiating early differentiation in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li Wong
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan
| | - Toru Okubo
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan.
| | - Eiko Uno
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan
| | - Kazuma Suda
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan
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11
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Lee KH, Do HK, Kim DY, Kim W. Impact of chlorogenic acid on modulation of significant genes in dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:22-28. [PMID: 34715497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid is one of the most abundant polyphenols found in human diet. It is well-documented that chlorogenic acid has a significant impact on human cells, especially in the regulation of inflammation and metabolic processes. However, its role in regulating skin functions, especially with respect to the dermal collagen network or epidermal skin barrier, has not yet been elucidated. Here, we report that chlorogenic acid treatment can induce production of procollagen type I in human dermal fibroblast, Hs68 cell lines. Moreover, this treatment can stimulate upregulation of skin barrier genes, including the ones encoding filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), and envoplakin (EVPL), in epidermal keratinocytes. Chlorogenic acid also triggered a multifaceted response in the cytokine profile of keratinocytes. Therefore, we suggest that chlorogenic acid can be used to restore the impaired dermal matrix network as well as the epidermal skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ha Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Kwon Do
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, 48108, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, South Korea.
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12
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Tang F, Li J, Xie W, Mo Y, Ouyang L, Zhao F, Fu X, Chen X. Bioactive glass promotes the barrier functional behaviors of keratinocytes and improves the Re-epithelialization in wound healing in diabetic rats. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3496-3506. [PMID: 33817423 PMCID: PMC7988492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon skin injury, re-epithelialization must be triggered promptly to restore the integrity and barrier function of the epidermis. However, this process is often delayed or interrupted in chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcers. Considering that BG particles can activate multiple genes in various cells, herein, we hypothesized that bioactive glass (BG) might be able to modulate the barrier functional behaviors of keratinocytes. By measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the paracellular tracer flux, we found the 58S-BG extracts substantially enhanced the barrier function of keratinocyte monolayers. The BG extracts might exert such effects by promoting the keratinocyte differentiation and the formation of tight junctions, as evidenced by the increased expression of critical differentiation markers (K10 and involucrin) and TJ protein claudin-1, as well as the altered subcellular location of four major TJ proteins (claudin-1, occludin, JAM-A, and ZO-1). Besides, the cell scratch assay showed that BG extracts induced the collective migration of keratinocytes, though they did not accelerate the migration rate compared to the control. The in vivo study using a diabetic rat wound model demonstrated that the BG extracts accelerated the process of re-epithelialization, stimulated keratinocyte differentiation, and promoted the formation of tight junctions in the newly regenerated epidermis. Our findings revealed the crucial effects of BGs on keratinocytes and highlighted its potential application for chronic wound healing by restoring the barrier function of the wounded skin effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Junliang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weihan Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunfei Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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13
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Wang X, Steinberg T, Dieterle MP, Ramminger I, Husari A, Tomakidi P. FAK Shutdown: Consequences on Epithelial Morphogenesis and Biomarker Expression Involving an Innovative Biomaterial for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189774. [PMID: 34575938 PMCID: PMC8470904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
By employing an innovative biohybrid membrane, the present study aimed at elucidating the mechanistic role of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in epithelial morphogenesis in vitro over 4, 7, and 10 days. The consequences of siRNA-mediated FAK knockdown on epithelial morphogenesis were monitored by quantifying cell layers and detecting the expression of biomarkers of epithelial differentiation and homeostasis. Histologic examination of FAK-depleted samples showed a significant increase in cell layers resembling epithelial hyperplasia. Semiquantitative fluorescence imaging (SQFI) revealed tissue homeostatic disturbances by significantly increased involucrin expression over time, persistence of yes-associated protein (YAP) and an increase of keratin (K) 1 at day 4. The dysbalanced involucrin pattern was underscored by ROCK-IISer1366 activity at day 7 and 10. SQFI data were confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, thereby corroborating the FAK shutdown-related expression changes. The artificial FAK shutdown was also associated with a significantly higher expression of filaggrin at day 10, sustained keratinocyte proliferation, and the dysregulated expression of K19 and vimentin. These siRNA-induced consequences indicate the mechanistic role of FAK in epithelial morphogenesis by simultaneously considering prospective biomaterial-based epithelial regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin P. Dieterle
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Imke Ramminger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (X.W.); (M.P.D.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
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14
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Effects of Aloe vera Flower Extract and Its Active Constituent Isoorientin on Skin Moisturization via Regulating Involucrin Expression: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092626. [PMID: 33946287 PMCID: PMC8125160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin moisturization is very crucial for maintaining the flexibility, viscoelasticity, and differentiation of the epidermis and its deprivation causes several diseases from dry skin to dermatitis. Aloe vera, a miracle plant having diverse medicinal properties including skin moisturization effects. This study investigated for the first time the molecular mechanism targeting skin moisturization effects of the Aloe vera flower and its major active constituent. By treating human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) with Aloe vera flower water extract (AFWE), we found that AFWE upregulated epidermal involucrin by activating the expression of protein kinase C, p38, and ERK 1/2. Additionally, it modulated filaggrin, increased aquaporin expression, and hyaluronan synthesis via a balanced regulation of HAS1 and HYAL1 protein. Similarly, it was able to protect UVB-induced photodamage. Western blot analysis, ELISA, and qRT- PCR were performed to evaluate various epidermal differentiation markers and moisturization-related factors on human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). TLC and HPLC were used to detect and analyze the chemical constituents. Among them, we found that an active component of Aloe vera flower, isoorientin (IO) has a high binding affinity to all of its targeted proteins such as involucrin, PKC, P38, etc. through molecular docking assay. This study indicated that the Aloe vera flower and its active constituent, IO can be used as a prominent ingredient to enhance skin barrier function and improve its related pathologies.
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15
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PKCα/ERK/C7ORF41 axis regulates epidermal keratinocyte differentiation through the IKKα nuclear translocation. Biochem J 2021; 478:839-854. [PMID: 33528492 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes disrupts the skin barrier and causes a series of skin diseases. However, the molecular basis of keratinocyte differentiation is still poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the expression of C7ORF41 using tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry and found that C7ORF41 is specifically expressed in the basal layers of skin epithelium and its expression is gradually decreased during keratinocytes differentiation. Importantly, we corroborated the pivotal role of C7ORF41 during keratinocyte differentiation by C7ORF41 knockdown or overexpression in TPA-induced Hacat keratinocytes. Mechanismly, we first demonstrated that C7ORF41 inhibited keratinocyte differentiation mainly through formatting a complex with IKKα in the cytoplasm, which thus blocked the nuclear translocation of IKKα. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that inhibiting the PKCα/ERK signaling pathway reversed the reduction in C7ORF41 in TPA-induced keratinocytes, indicating that C7ORF41 expression could be regulated by upstream PKCα/ERK signaling pathway during keratinocyte differentiation. Collectively, our study uncovers a novel regulatory network PKCα/ERK/C7ORF41/IKKα during keratinocyte differentiation, which provides potential therapeutic targets for skin diseases.
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16
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Kim YJ, Jeon HR, Kim SW, Kim YH, Im GB, Im J, Um SH, Cho SM, Lee JR, Kim HY, Joung YK, Kim DI, Bhang SH. Lightwave-reinforced stem cells with enhanced wound healing efficacy. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211067004. [PMID: 34987748 PMCID: PMC8721371 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211067004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive research has led to significant preclinical outcomes in modified human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). Photobiomodulation (PBM), a technique to enhance the cellular capacity of stem cells, has attracted considerable attention owing to its effectiveness and safety. Here, we suggest a red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)-based PBM strategy to augment the therapeutic efficacy of hADSCs. In vitro assessments revealed that hADSCs basked in red OLED light exhibited enhanced angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration compared to naïve hADSCs. We demonstrated that the enhancement of cellular capacity was due to an increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, accelerated healing and regulated inflammatory response was observed in mice transplanted with red light-basked hADSCs. Overall, our findings suggest that OLED-based PBM may be an easily accessible and attractive approach for tissue regeneration that can be applied to various clinical stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and
Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
- Division of Vascular Surgery,
Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine,
Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Im
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ro Lee
- Center for Biomaterials,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical
Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science
& Technology, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and
Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
- Division of Vascular Surgery,
Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine,
Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Veit JGS, De Glas V, Balau B, Liu H, Bourlond F, Paller AS, Poumay Y, Diaz P. Characterization of CYP26B1-Selective Inhibitor, DX314, as a Potential Therapeutic for Keratinization Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:72-83.e6. [PMID: 32505549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of CYP450-mediated retinoic acid (RA) metabolism by RA metabolism blocking agents increases endogenous retinoids and is an alternative to retinoid therapy. Currently available RA metabolism blocking agents (i.e., liarozole and talarozole) tend to have fewer adverse effects than traditional retinoids but lack target specificity. Substrate-based inhibitor DX314 has enhanced selectivity for RA-metabolizing enzyme CYP26B1 and may offer an improved treatment option for keratinization disorders such as congenital ichthyosis and Darier disease. In this study, we used RT-qPCR, RNA sequencing, pathway, upstream regulator, and histological analyses to demonstrate that DX314 can potentiate the effects of all-trans-RA in healthy and diseased reconstructed human epidermis. We unexpectedly discovered that DX314, but not all-trans-RA or previous RA metabolism blocking agents, appears to protect epidermal barrier integrity. In addition, DX314-induced keratinization and epidermal proliferation effects are observed in a rhino mice model. Altogether, the results indicate that DX314 inhibits all-trans-RA metabolism with minimal off-target activity and shows therapeutic similarity to topical retinoids in vitro and in vivo. Findings of a barrier-protecting effect require further mechanistic study but may lead to a unique strategy in barrier-reinforcing therapies. DX314 is a promising candidate compound for further study and development in the context of keratinization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim G S Veit
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Benoît Balau
- URPHYM-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Haoming Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Florence Bourlond
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yves Poumay
- URPHYM-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Philippe Diaz
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA; DermaXon LLC, Missoula, Montana, USA.
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18
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Testing the Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Leaf Extract on a Skin Equivalent Using a Pumpless Skin-on-a-Chip Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113898. [PMID: 32486109 PMCID: PMC7312991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro tests in current research employ simple culture methods that fail to mimic the real human tissue. In this study, we report drug testing with a ‘pumpless skin-on-a-chip’ that mimics the structural and functional responses of human skin. This model is a skin equivalent constituting two layers of the skin, dermis and epidermis, developed using human primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Using the gravity flow device system, the medium was rotated at an angle of 15 degrees on both sides so as to circulate through the pumpless skin-on-a-chip microfluidic channel. This pumpless skin-on-a-chip is composed of upper and lower chips, and is manufactured using porous membranes so that medium can be diffused and supplied to the skin equivalent. Drug testing was performed using Curcuma longa leaf extract (CLLE), a natural product cosmetic ingredient, to evaluate the usefulness of the chip and the efficacy of the cosmetic ingredient. It was found that the skin barrier function of the skin epidermis layer is enhanced to exhibit antiaging effects. This result indicates that the pumpless skin-on-a-chip model can be potentially used not only in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries but also in clinical applications as an alternative to animal studies.
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19
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Kim YW, Kim YJ, Cheong HS, Shiga Y, Hashimoto K, Song YJ, Kim SH, Choi HJ, Nishiguchi KM, Kawai Y, Nagasaki M, Nakazawa T, Park KH, Kim DM, Jeoung JW. Exploring the Novel Susceptibility Gene Variants for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in East Asian Cohorts: The GLAU-GENDISK Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:221. [PMID: 31937794 PMCID: PMC6959350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) can develop even within normal ranges of intraocular pressure, and this type of glaucoma (so-called ‘normal-tension glaucoma [NTG]’) is highly prevalent in East Asia including Korea and Japan. We conducted exome chip analysis to identify low-frequency and rare variants associated with POAG from the primary cohort (309 POAG patients and 5,400 control, all Koreans). For replication, Korean (310 POAG patients and 5,612 controls) and Japanese (565 POAG patients and 1,104 controls) cohorts were further investigated by targeted genotyping. SNP rs116121322 in LRRC27 showed nominally significant association with POAG in the discovery cohort (OR = 29.85, P = 2E–06). This SNP was validated in the Korean replication cohort but only in the NTG subgroups (OR = 9.86, P = 0.007). Japanese replication cohort did not show significant association with POAG (P .00.44). However, the meta-analysis in the entire cohort revealed significant association of rs116121322 with POAG (ORcombined = 10.28, Pcombined = 1.4E–07). The LRRC27 protein expression was confirmed from human trabecular meshwork cells. For gene-based testing, METTL20 showed a significant association in POAG (Pcombined = 0.002) and in the subgroup of NTG (Pcombined = 0.02), whereas ZNF677 were significantly associated with only in the subgroup of high-tension glaucoma (Pcombined = 1.5E–06). Our findings may provide further genetic backgrounds into the pathogenesis of POAG, especially for the patients who have lower baseline intraocular pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yong Ju Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jin Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Myung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Cario M, Pain C, Kaulanjan-Checkmodine P, Masia D, Delia G, Casoli V, Costet P, Goussot JF, Guyonnet-Duperat V, Bibeyran A, Ezzedine K, Reymermier C, Andre-Frei V, Taieb A. Epidermal keratin 5 expression and distribution is under dermal influence. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 33:435-445. [PMID: 31692218 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human skin melanin pigmentation is regulated by systemic and local factors. According to the type of melanin produced by melanocytes, the transfer and degradation of melanosomes differ, thus accounting for most variations between ethnicities. We made the surprising observation that in a drastically changed environment, white and black phenotypes are reversible since Caucasian skin grafted onto nude mice can become black with all black phenotypic characteristics. Black xenografts differed essentially from other grafts by the levels of epidermal FGF-2 and keratin 5. In vitro analysis confirmed that FGF-2 directly regulates keratin 5. Interestingly, this phenomenon may be involved in human pathology. Keratin 5 mutations in Dowling-Degos Disease (DDD) have already been associated with the pheomelanosome-eumelanosome transition. In a DDD patient, keratin 5 was expressed in the basal and spinous layers, as observed in black xenografts. Furthermore, in a common age-related hyperpigmentation disorder like senile lentigo (SL), keratin 5 distribution is also altered. In conclusion, modulation of keratin 5 expression and distribution either due to mutations or factors may account for the development of pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Cario
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France.,BMGIC, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,National Reference Center for Rare skin Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, France.,AquiDerm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Pain
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France.,BMGIC, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Daniela Masia
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Aurelia Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Delia
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincent Casoli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Costet
- Animalerie Spécialisée, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Alice Bibeyran
- Plateforme de Vectorologie VectUb, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- EA EpiDermE (Epidémiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques), Service de Dermatologie, UPE-Université Paris-Est, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Alain Taieb
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France.,BMGIC, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,National Reference Center for Rare skin Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, France
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21
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Mercer DK, Stewart CS. Keratin hydrolysis by dermatophytes. Med Mycol 2019; 57:13-22. [PMID: 29361043 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are the most common cause of superficial fungal infections (tinea infections) and are a specialized group of filamentous fungi capable of infecting and degrading keratinised tissues, including skin, hair, and nail. Essential to their pathogenicity and virulence is the production of a broad spectrum of proteolytic enzymes and other key proteins involved in keratin biodegradation and utilization of its breakdown products. The initial stage of biodegradation of native keratin is considered to be sulfitolysis, in which the extensive disulfide bridges present in keratin are hydrolyzed, although some secreted subtilisins can degrade dye-impregnated keratin azure without prior reduction (Sub3 and Sub4). Sulfitolysis facilitates the extracellular biodegradation of keratin by the dermatophytes' extensive array of endo- and exoproteases. The importance of dermatophyte proteases in infection is widely recognized, and these enzymes have also been identified as important virulence determinants and allergens. Finally, the short peptide and amino acid breakdown products are taken up by the dermatophytes, using as yet poorly characterised transporters, and utilized for metabolism. In this review, we describe the process of keratin biodegradation by dermatophytes, with an especial focus on recent developments in cutting edge molecular biology and '-omic' studies that are helping to dissect the complex process of keratin breakdown and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derry K Mercer
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Cruickshank Building, Craibstone, Aberdeen, AB21 9TR, United Kingdom
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Dalmau N, Andrieu-Abadie N, Tauler R, Bedia C. Phenotypic and lipidomic characterization of primary human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to simulated solar UV radiation. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:97-105. [PMID: 30017509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to be one of the most important environmental hazards acting on the skin. The most part of UV radiation is absorbed in the epidermis, where keratinocytes are the most abundant and exposed cell type. Lipids have an important role in skin biology, not only for their important contribution to the maintenance of the permeability barrier but also for the production and storage of energy, membrane organization and cell signalling functions. However, the effects on the lipid composition of keratinocytes under UV radiation are little explored. OBJECTIVE The present work aims to explore the effects on the phenotype and lipid content of primary human keratinocytes exposed to simulated solar UV radiation. METHODS Keratinocytes were exposed to a single (acute exposure) and repeated simulated solar UV irradiations for 4 weeks (chronic exposure). Cell viability and morphology were explored, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. Then, lipid extracts were analysed through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the data generated was processed using the ROIMCR chemometric methodology together with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), to finally reveal the most relevant lipid changes that occurred in keratinocytes upon UV irradiation. Also, the potential induction of keratinocyte differentiation was explored by measuring the increase of involucrin. RESULTS Under acute irradiation, cell viability and morphology were not altered. However, a general increase of phosphatidylcholines (PC) phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) together with a slight sphingomyelin (SM) decrease were found in UV irradiated cells, among other changes. In addition, keratinocyte cultures did not present any differentiation hallmark. Contrary to acute-irradiated cells, in chronic exposures, cell viability was reduced and keratinocytes presented an altered morphology. Also, hallmarks of differentiation, such as the increase of involucrin protein and the autophagy induction were detected. Among the main lipid changes that accompanied this phenotype, the increase of long-chain ceramides, lysoPC and glycerolipid species were found. CONCLUSION Important lipid changes were detected under acute and chronic UV irradiation. The lipid profile under chronic exposure may represent a lipid fingerprint of the keratinocyte differentiation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Dalmau
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/ Jordi Girona 18-24, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/ Jordi Girona 18-24, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Bedia
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/ Jordi Girona 18-24, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Miyazawa A, Kuo S, Feinberg SE. Production of progenitor cells from primary human epithelial cell monolayer cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:413-422. [PMID: 29725883 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary keratinocytes derived from human epidermis are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. An important aspect in clinical applications is the preservation of human skin keratinocyte stem cells. However, it is difficult to expand the number of human skin keratinocyte stem cells, which are undifferentiated and highly proliferative in culture by using standard cell culture methods. It is even more difficult to identify them, since universal specific markers for human skin keratinocyte stem cells have not been identified. In this paper, we show a method to produce a large number of primary progenitor human skin keratinocytes by using our novel culture techniques. Primary human skin keratinocyte monolayers are cultured using twice the volume of medium without serum and lacking essential fatty acids. Once the cells reach 70-80% confluence, they begin to float up into the overlying medium and are called "epithelial pop-up keratinocytes (ePUKs)" allowing the cells to be passaged without the use of trypsin. We analyzed the properties of ePUKs by cell size, cell viability, immunocytofluorescence biomarker staining, and cell cycle phase distribution by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Our results showed that these ePUKs appear to be progenitor epithelial cells, which are small in size, undifferentiated, and have a high proliferative capacity. We believe that ePUKs are suitable for use in medical applications requiring a large number of primary human progenitor skin keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyazawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiuhyang Kuo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen E Feinberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, MSRB 2, A560B, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Jedrusik N, Meyen C, Finkenzeller G, Stark GB, Meskath S, Schulz SD, Steinberg T, Eberwein P, Strassburg S, Tomakidi P. Nanofibered Gelatin-Based Nonwoven Elasticity Promotes Epithelial Histogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2018. [PMID: 29529354 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Regarding tissue regeneration, mechanics of biomaterials gains progressive importance. Therefore, this study reports on in situ crosslinked electrospun gelatin nonwoven mats (NWMs) whose distinct modulus of elasticity (ME) promotes epithelial tissue formation in a graded manner. NWMs, comprising fiber diameters in various distributions, yield an ME of about 2.1, 3.2, and 10.9 kPa. A two-step approach of preclinical in vitro validation identifies the elasticity of 3.2 kPa as superior to the other, regarding the histogenetic epithelial outcome. Hence, this 3.2 kPa candidate NWM is colonized with oral mucosal epithelial keratinocytes in the absence or presence of mesenchymal fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells. Evaluation of epithelial histogenesis at days 1 to 10 occurs by colorimetric and fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry (IHCH) of specific biomarkers. These include cytokeratins (CK) 14, CK1, and involucrin that indicate different stages of epithelial differentiation, as well as the basement membrane constituent collagen type IV and Ki-67 as a proliferation marker. Intriguingly, histogenesis and IHCH reveal the best resemblance of the native epithelium by the NWM alone, irrespective of other cell counterparts. These findings prove the gelatin NWM a convenient cell matrix, and evidence that NWM mechanics is important to promote epithelial histogenesis in view of prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jedrusik
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christoph Meyen
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - G. Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stephan Meskath
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Simon Daniel Schulz
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Philipp Eberwein
- Eye Center; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
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Subramanian I, Singh VK, Jere A. Elucidating mechanistic insights into drug action for atopic dermatitis: a systems biology approach. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2018; 18:3. [PMID: 29415693 PMCID: PMC5803917 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-018-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical Betamethasone (BM) and Pimecrolimus (PC) are widely used drugs in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Though the biomolecules and biological pathways affected by the drugs are known, the causal inter-relationships among these pathways in the context of skin is not available. We aim to derive this insight by using transcriptomic data of AD skin samples treated with BM and PC using systems biology approach. METHODS Transcriptomic datasets of 10 AD patients treated with Betamethasone and Pimecrolimus were obtained from GEO datasets. We used a novel computational platform, eSkIN ( www.persistent.com/eskin ), to perform pathway enrichment analysis for the given datasets. eSkIN consists of 35 skin specific pathways, thus allowing skin-centric analysis of transcriptomic data. Fisher's exact test was used to compute the significance of the pathway enrichment. The enriched pathways were further analyzed to gain mechanistic insights into the action of these drugs. RESULTS Our analysis highlighted the molecular details of the mechanism of action of the drugs and corroborated the known facts about these drugs i.e. BM is more effective in triggering anti-inflammatory response but also causes more adverse effect on skin barrier than PC. In particular, eSkIN helped enunciate the biological pathways activated by these drugs to trigger anti-inflammatory response and its effect on skin barrier. BM suppresses pathways like TNF and TLRs, thus inhibiting NF-κB while PC targets inflammatory genes like IL13 and IL6 via known calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Furthermore, we show that the reduced skin barrier function by BM is due to the suppression of activators like AP1 transcription factors, CEBPs. CONCLUSION We thus demonstrate the detailed mechanistic insight into drug action of AD using a novel computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek K Singh
- LABS, Persistent Systems Limited, 9A/12, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India.
| | - Abhay Jere
- LABS, Persistent Systems Limited, 9A/12, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
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Sun Y, Li X, Song S, Wang Y, Gu H. Integrity of a HPV11 infection cell model and identification of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a potential HPV11 inhibitor. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37092-37102. [PMID: 27175598 PMCID: PMC5095061 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases and induced by low-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), mainly HPV type 6 and 11. Here, we report the identification of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) by an HPV11 infection cell model. Results The recombined HPV11.HaCaT cells had stable HPV 11 early genes expression. The introducing of HPV11 genome significantly increased the proliferation of HPV11.HaCaT cells, as well as the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases. After treated with rhIFN-α 2a, IFN signaling pathway was activated in both HaCaT and HPV11.HaCaT cells, while HPV11 decreased the activation level. In addition, rhIFN-α 2a, could inhibit expression of HPV 11 E6 and E7 mRNA significantly (P<0.05). However, cell growth and cell cycle did not show statistical difference (P>0.05). Nevertheless, EGCG, a major active constituent in tea polyphenol, showed strong anti-HPV11 effect, which inhibited HPV11 E6 and E7 mRNA. Methods Gene transfection technique was used to introduce HPV11 genome into HaCaT cells, named HPV11.HaCaT cells. With the established cell model, we explore the anti-HPV11 effect of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cell growth, viability and affection on expression HPV11 E6 and E7 mRNA. Conclusion Our data collectively demonstrated that the recombinant HPV11.HaCaT cells were integral and practical to be a cell model to test anti-HPV11 agents and explore the interaction between HPV11 genes and host cells. And EGCG inhibits expression of HPV11 E6 and E7 mRNA in the recombinant HPV11.HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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Jin R, Luo X, Luan K, Liu L, Sun LD, Yang S, Zhang SQ, Zhang XJ. Disorder of the mevalonate pathway inhibits calcium-induced differentiation of keratinocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4811-4816. [PMID: 28765912 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of genes encoding the enzymes of the mevalonate pathway cause a variety of diseases, including skin disorders. Mutation of four genes in this pathway, including mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase, have demonstrated to be responsible for porokeratosis (PK). However, the pathogenesis of PK remains unclear. In the present study, specific enzyme inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, including pravastatin (PRA), alendronate (ALD), farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI‑277) and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI‑298), were used to investigate the effect on differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs). Western blotting demonstrated that PRA, ALD, FTI‑277 or GGTI‑298 alone, or in combination, inhibited the expression level of calcium‑induced differentiation maker involucrin (INV) in KCs. ALD and PRA induced greater inhibition of INV compared with FTI‑277 and GGTI‑298 treatment. These inhibitors additionally influenced the expression levels of keratin1. Mechanistic studies revealed that treatment of cells with inhibitors decreased the expression levels of p53 and Notch1, and regulated activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. The results of the present study suggested that regulation of the mevalonate pathway may be necessary for differentiation of KCs, and the pathogenesis of disseminated superficial actinic PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Kang Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Dan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Loss of epidermal AP1 transcription factor function reduces filaggrin level, alters chemokine expression and produces an ichthyosis-related phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2840. [PMID: 28569792 PMCID: PMC5520897 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AP1 transcription factors are important controllers of epidermal differentiation. Multiple family members are expressed in the epidermis in a differentiation-dependent manner, where they function to regulate gene expression. To study the role of AP1 factor signaling, TAM67 (dominant-negative c-jun) was inducibly expressed in the suprabasal epidermis. The TAM67-positive epidermis displays keratinocyte hyperproliferation, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, delayed differentiation, extensive subdermal vasodilation, nuclear loricrin localization, tail and digit pseudoainhum and reduced filaggrin level. These changes are associated with increased levels of IFNγ, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 (Th1-associated chemokines), and CCL1, CCL2, CCL5 and CCL11 (Th2-associated chemokines) in the epidermis and serum. S100A8 and S100A9 protein levels are also markedly elevated. These changes in epidermal chemokine level are associated with increased levels of the corresponding chemokine mRNA. The largest increases were observed for CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and S100A8 and S100A9. To assess the role of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, which bind to CXCR3, on phenotype development, we expressed TAM67 in CXCR3 knockout mice. Using a similar strategy, we examine the role of S100A8 and S100A9. Surprisingly, loss of CXCR3 or S100A8/A9 did not attenuate phenotype development. These studies suggest that interfering with epidermal AP1 factor signaling initiates a loss of barrier function leading to enhanced epidermal chemokine production, but that CXCR3 and S100A8/A9 do not mediate the phenotypic response.
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Collier AE, Wek RC, Spandau DF. Human Keratinocyte Differentiation Requires Translational Control by the eIF2α Kinase GCN2. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1924-1934. [PMID: 28528168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate and sequential differentiation of keratinocytes is essential for all functions of the human epidermis. Although transcriptional regulation has proven to be important for keratinocyte differentiation, little is known about the role of translational control. A key mechanism for modulating translation is through phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). A family of different eIF2α kinases function in the integrative stress response to inhibit general protein synthesis coincident with preferential translation of select mRNAs that participate in stress alleviation. Here we demonstrate that translational control through eIF2α phosphorylation is required for normal keratinocyte differentiation. Analyses of polysome profiles revealed that key differentiation genes, including involucrin, are bound to heavy polysomes during differentiation, despite decreased general protein synthesis. Induced eIF2α phosphorylation by the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) protein kinase facilitated translational control and differentiation-specific protein expression during keratinocyte differentiation. Furthermore, loss of GCN2 thwarted translational control, normal epidermal differentiation, and differentiation gene expression in organotypic skin culture. These findings underscore a previously unknown function for GCN2 phosphorylation of eIF2α and translational control in the formation of an intact human epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Collier
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Olivier E, Dutot M, Regazzetti A, Dargère D, Auzeil N, Laprévote O, Rat P. Lipid deregulation in UV irradiated skin cells: Role of 25-hydroxycholesterol in keratinocyte differentiation during photoaging. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:189-197. [PMID: 27208628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin photoaging due to UV irradiation is a degenerative process that appears more and more as a growing concern. Lipids, including oxysterols, are involved in degenerative processes; as skin cells contain various lipids, the aim of our study was to evaluate first, changes in keratinocyte lipid levels induced by UV exposure and second, cellular effects of oxysterols in cell morphology and several hallmarks of keratinocyte differentiation. Our mass spectrometry results demonstrated that UV irradiation induces changes in lipid profile of cultured keratinocytes; in particular, ceramides and oxysterols, specifically 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH), were increased. Using holography and confocal microscopy analyses, we highlighted cell thickening and cytoskeletal disruption after incubation of keratinocytes with 25-OH. These alterations were associated with keratinocyte differentiation patterns: autophagy stimulation and intracellular calcium increase as measured by cytofluorometry, and increased involucrin level detected by immunocytochemistry. To conclude, oxysterol deregulation could be considered as a common marker of degenerative disorders. During photoaging, 25-OH seems to play a key role inducing morphological changes and keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Olivier
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Soliance-Givaudan, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Dargère
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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Uchida R, Aoki R, Aoki-Yoshida A, Tajima A, Takayama Y. Promoting effect of lactoferrin on barrier function and epithelial differentiation of human keratinocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:64-68. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of bovine lactoferrin on keratinocyte differentiation and barrier function. Addition of bovine lactoferrin to differentiating HaCaT human keratinocytes led to increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), a marker of epithelial barrier function. This elevation was followed by upregulation of two differentiation markers, involucrin and filaggrin. The expression level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 was also enhanced by bovine lactoferrin. The lactoferrin-induced upregulation of involucrin and filaggrin expression were confirmed in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Treatment with SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) α inhibitor, impaired the upregulation of involucrin and filaggrin expression in response to lactoferrin. The elevation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation was further enhanced by lactoferrin in the initial stage of differentiation of HaCaT keratinocytes. The findings suggest that bovine lactoferrin promotes epithelial differentiation by a p38-MAPK-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Uchida
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiji Aoki
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Takayama
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Saha K, Adhikary G, Eckert RL. MEP50/PRMT5 Reduces Gene Expression by Histone Arginine Methylation and this Is Reversed by PKCδ/p38δ Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:214-224. [PMID: 26763441 PMCID: PMC4899982 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PKCδ and p38δ are key proteins in a cascade that stimulates keratinocyte differentiation. This cascade activates transcription of involucrin (hINV) and other genes associated with differentiation. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an arginine methyltransferase that symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues. This protein interacts with a cofactor, MEP50, and symmetrically dimethylates arginine eight of histone 3 (H3R8me2s) and arginine three of histone 4 (H4R3me2s) to silence gene expression. We use the involucrin gene as a tool to understand the relationship between PKCδ/p38δ and PRMT5/MEP50 signaling. MEP50 suppresses hINV mRNA level and promoter activity. This is associated with increased arginine dimethylation of hINV gene-associated H3/H4. We further show that the PKCδ/p38δ keratinocyte differentiation cascade reduces PRMT5 and MEP50 expression, association with the hINV gene promoter, and H3R8me2s and H4R2me2s formation. We propose that PRMT5/MEP50-dependent methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that assists in silencing of hINV expression, and that PKCδ signaling activates gene expression by directly activating transcription and by suppressing PRMT5/MEP50 dependent arginine dimethylation of promoter associated histones. This is an example of crosstalk between PKCδ/p38δ signaling and PRMT5/MEP50 epigenetic silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Luo X, Jin R, Wang F, Jia B, Luan K, Cheng FW, Li L, Sun LD, Yang S, Zhang SQ, Zhang XJ. Interleukin-15 inhibits the expression of differentiation markers induced by Ca2+in keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:544-7. [PMID: 26914593 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Kang Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Feng-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Liang-Dan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology at the 1st Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology at the 1st Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Institute of Dermatology at the 1st Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology at the 1st Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
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35
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Bao L, Alexander JB, Zhang H, Shen K, Chan LS. Interleukin-4 Downregulation of Involucrin Expression in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Involves Stat6 Sequestration of the Coactivator CREB-Binding Protein. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:374-81. [PMID: 26918372 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier defects play an important role in atopic dermatitis (AD). Involucrin, an important barrier protein suppressed in human AD, is downregulated by interleukin-4 (IL-4). However, the molecular mechanism for IL-4 downregulation of involucrin has not been delineated, and especially how Stat6, a transcriptional activator, represses involucrin expression is unknown. Since Stats usually recruit p300/CBP in the general transcription machinery of their target genes and involucrin expression also involves p300/CBP, we hypothesize that Stat6 activated by IL-4 may sequestrate p300/CBP from the involucrin transcription complex, thus suppressing involucrin expression in keratinocytes. Using IL-4 transgenic mice, an AD mouse model, we find that involucrin expression is similarly downregulated as in human AD. In HaCat cells, the Jak inhibitor and dominant negative studies indicate that the Jaks-Stat6 pathway is involved in IL-4 downregulation of involucrin. Next, we transfected HaCat cells with an involucrin promoter-luciferase construct and then treated them with IL-4. IL-4 greatly suppresses the promoter activity, which is totally abolished by cotransfecting the CREB-binding protein (CBP) expression vector, indicating that IL-4 cannot downregulate involucrin in the presence of excess CBP. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrates that IL-4 decreases CBP binding to the involucrin transcription complex. For the first time, we defined a molecular mechanism for IL-4 downregulation of involucrin in keratinocytes, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jaime B Alexander
- 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Huayi Zhang
- 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kui Shen
- 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence S Chan
- 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Med Center , Chicago, Illinois
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Arantes EL, Dragano N, Ramalho A, Vitorino D, de-Souza GF, Lima MHM, Velloso LA, Araújo EP. Topical Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Accelerates Skin Wound Healing in Rats and Activates GPR120. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:411-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800415621617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: The development of methods for improving skin wound healing may have an impact on the outcomes of a number of medical conditions. The topical use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can accelerate skin wound healing through mechanisms that involve, at least in part, the modulation of inflammatory activity. Purpose: We evaluated whether G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), a recently identified receptor for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with anti-inflammatory activity, is expressed in the skin and responds to topical DHA. Method: Male Wistar rats were submitted to an 8.0-mm wound on the back and were immediately administered a topical treatment of a solution containing 30 μM of DHA once a day. The healing process was photodocumented, and tissues were collected on Days 5, 9, and 15 for protein and RNA analyses and histological evaluation. Results: GPR120 was expressed in the intact skin and in the wound. Keratinocytes expressed the most skin GPR120, while virtually no expression was detected in fibroblasts. Upon DHA topical treatment, wound healing was significantly accelerated and was accompanied by the molecular activation of GPR120, as determined by its association with β-arrestin-2. In addition, DHA promoted a reduction in the expression of interleukin (IL) 1β and an increase in the expression of IL-6. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and the keratinocyte marker involucrin. Discussion: Topical DHA improved skin wound healing. The activation of GPR120 is potentially involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Arantes
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Dragano
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Albina Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Vitorino
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Licio A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana P. Araújo
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
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37
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Gomes FS, de-Souza GF, Nascimento LF, Arantes EL, Pedro RM, Vitorino DC, Nunez CE, Melo Lima MH, Velloso LA, Araújo EP. Topical 5-azacytidine accelerates skin wound healing in rats. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 22:640-6. [PMID: 25039304 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new methods to improve skin wound healing may affect the outcomes of a number of medical conditions. Here, we evaluate the molecular and clinical effects of topical 5-azacytidine on wound healing in rats. 5-Azacytidine decreases the expression of follistatin-1, which negatively regulates activins. Activins, in turn, promote cell growth in different tissues, including the skin. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were submitted to 8.0-mm punch-wounding in the dorsal region. After 3 days, rats were randomly assigned to receive either a control treatment or the topical application of a solution containing 5-azacytidine (10 mM) once per day. Photo documentation and sample collection were performed on days 5, 9, and 15. Overall, 5-azacytidine promoted a significant acceleration of complete wound healing (99.7% ± 0.7.0 vs. 71.2% ± 2.8 on day 15; n = 10; p < 0.01), accompanied by up to threefold reduction in follistatin expression. Histological examination of the skin revealed efficient reepithelization and cell proliferation, as evaluated by the BrdU incorporation method. 5-Azacytidine treatment also resulted in increased gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta and the keratinocyte markers involucrin and cytokeratin, as well as decreased expression of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10. Lastly, when recombinant follistatin was applied to the skin in parallel with topical 5-azacytidine, most of the beneficial effects of the drug were lost. Thus, 5-azacytidine acts, at least in part through the follistatin/activin pathway, to improve skin wound healing in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana S Gomes
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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38
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Saha K, Eckert RL. Methylosome Protein 50 and PKCδ/p38δ Protein Signaling Control Keratinocyte Proliferation via Opposing Effects on p21Cip1 Gene Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13521-30. [PMID: 25851901 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.642868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a key epigenetic regulator that symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues on histones H3 and H4 to silence gene expression. PRMT5 is frequently observed in a complex with the cofactor methylosome protein 50 (MEP50), which is required for PRMT5 activity. PKCδ/p38δ signaling, a key controller of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, increases p21(Cip1) expression to suppress keratinocyte proliferation. We now show that MEP50 enhances keratinocyte proliferation and survival via mechanisms that include silencing of p21(Cip1) expression. This is associated with enhanced PRMT5-MEP50 interaction at the p21(Cip1) promoter and enhanced arginine dimethylation of the promoter-associated histones H3 and H4. It is also associated with a MEP50-dependent reduction in the level of p53, a key controller of p21(Cip1) gene expression. We confirm an important biological role for MEP50 and PRMT5 in regulating keratinocyte proliferation using a stratified epidermal equivalent model that mimics in vivo epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. In this model, PRMT5 or MEP50 knockdown results in reduced keratinocyte proliferation. We further show that PKCδ/p38δ signaling suppresses MEP50 expression, leading to reduced H3/H4 arginine dimethylation at the p21(Cip1) promoter, and that this is associated with enhanced p21(Cip1) expression and reduced cell proliferation. These findings describe an opposing action between PKCδ/p38δ MAPK signaling and PRMT5/MEP50 epigenetic silencing mechanisms in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Saha
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Richard L Eckert
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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39
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Rorke EA, Adhikary G, Young CA, Roop DR, Eckert RL. Suppressing AP1 factor signaling in the suprabasal epidermis produces a keratoderma phenotype. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:170-180. [PMID: 25050598 PMCID: PMC4268309 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Keratodermas comprise a heterogeneous group of highly debilitating and painful disorders characterized by thickening of the skin with marked hyperkeratosis. Some of these diseases are caused by genetic mutation, whereas other forms are acquired in response to environmental factors. Our understanding of signaling changes that underlie these diseases is limited. In the present study, we describe a keratoderma phenotype in mice in response to suprabasal epidermis-specific inhibition of activator protein 1 transcription factor signaling. These mice develop a severe phenotype characterized by hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and impaired epidermal barrier function. The skin is scaled, constricting bands encircle the tail and digits, the footpads are thickened and scaled, and loricrin staining is markedly reduced in the cornified layers and increased in the nucleus. Features of this phenotype, including nuclear loricrin localization and pseudoainhum (autoamputation), are characteristic of the Vohwinkel syndrome. We confirm that the phenotype develops in a loricrin-null genetic background, indicating that suppressed suprabasal AP1 factor function is sufficient to drive this disease. We also show that the phenotype regresses when suprabasal AP1 factor signaling is restored. Our findings suggest that suppression of AP1 factor signaling in the suprabasal epidermis is a key event in the pathogenesis of keratoderma.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/metabolism
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Ainhum/genetics
- Ainhum/metabolism
- Ainhum/pathology
- Animals
- Constriction, Pathologic/genetics
- Constriction, Pathologic/metabolism
- Constriction, Pathologic/pathology
- Epidermis/pathology
- Epidermis/physiology
- Female
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/metabolism
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/genetics
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/metabolism
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Rorke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina A Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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40
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Transcriptional regulation of genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation by human papillomavirus 16 oncoproteins. Arch Virol 2014; 160:389-98. [PMID: 25488293 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is strictly linked to the differentiation of their natural host cells. The HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins can delay the normal differentiation program of keratinocytes; however, the exact mechanisms responsible for this have not yet been identified. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of HPV16 oncoproteins on the expression of genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. Primary human keratinocytes transduced by LXSN (control) retroviruses or virus vectors expressing HPV16 E6, E7 or E6/E7 genes were subjected to gene expression profiling. The results of microarray analysis showed that HPV 16 E6 and E7 have the capacity to downregulate the expression of several genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were performed to confirm the microarray data. To investigate the effects of the HPV oncoproteins on the promoters of selected keratinocyte differentiation genes, luciferase reporter assays were performed. Our results suggest that the HPV 16 E6 and/or E7 oncogenes are able to downregulate the expression of several genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation (such as desmocollin 1, keratin 4, S100 calcium-binding protein A8 and small proline-rich protein 1A), at least partially by downregulating their promoter activity. This activity of the HPV oncoproteins may have a role in the productive virus life cycle, and also in virus-induced carcinogenesis.
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41
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Kwa MQ, Huynh J, Aw J, Zhang L, Nguyen T, Reynolds EC, Sweet MJ, Hamilton JA, Scholz GM. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 and interferon regulatory factor 6 function as a signaling axis to regulate keratinocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31077-87. [PMID: 25246526 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4) and interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) are critical regulators of keratinocyte differentiation, and their mutation causes the related developmental epidermal disorders Bartsocas-Papas syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome, respectively. However, the signaling pathways in which RIPK4 and IRF6 operate to regulate keratinocyte differentiation are poorly defined. Here we identify and mechanistically define a direct functional relationship between RIPK4 and IRF6. Gene promoter reporter and in vitro kinase assays, coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and confocal microscopy demonstrated that RIPK4 directly regulates IRF6 trans-activator activity and nuclear translocation. Gene knockdown and overexpression studies indicated that the RIPK4-IRF6 signaling axis controls the expression of key transcriptional regulators of keratinocyte differentiation, including Grainyhead-like 3 and OVO-like 1. Additionally, we demonstrate that the p.Ile121Asn missense mutation in RIPK4, which has been identified recently in Bartsocas-Papas syndrome, inhibits its kinase activity, thereby preventing RIPK4-mediated IRF6 activation and nuclear translocation. We show, through mutagenesis-based experiments, that Ser-413 and Ser-424 in IRF6 are important for its activation by RIPK4. RIPK4 is also important for the regulation of IRF6 expression by the protein kinase C pathway. Therefore, our findings not only provide important mechanistic insights into the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation by RIPK4 and IRF6, but they also suggest one mechanism by which mutations in RIPK4 may cause epidermal disorders (e.g. Bartsocas-Papas syndrome), namely by the impaired activation of IRF6 by RIPK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qi Kwa
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia and
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia and
| | - Jiamin Aw
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and
| | - Lianyi Zhang
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia and
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- the Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia and
| | - Glen M Scholz
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia and
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42
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Sohn KC, Lee EJ, Shin JM, Lim EH, No Y, Lee JY, Yoon TY, Lee YH, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Kim CD. Regulation of keratinocyte differentiation by O-GlcNAcylation. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:10-5. [PMID: 24802710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is one of the posttranslational modification, emerging as an important regulatory mechanism in various cellular events. OBJECTIVE We attempted to investigate whether O-GlcNAcylation is involved in keratinocyte differentiation. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to demonstrate O-GlcNAcylation in keratinocyte differentiation. RESULTS During calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation, overall O-GlcNAcylation was decreased in a temporal manner. We focused our attention on transcription factor Sp-1, which is implicated in keratinocyte differentiation. Total Sp-1 level did not change during keratinocyte differentiation. However, O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 was decreased in a keratinocyte differentiation-dependent manner. Interestingly, transcriptional activity of Sp-1, in terms of involucrin and loricrin promoter activities, was markedly increased by overexpression of O-GlcNAcase (OGA). In addition, membrane permeable non-O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 did show transcriptional activity, while membrane permeable O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 did not, suggesting O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 is an inactive form in keratinocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic regulatory mechanism for keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Shin
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Lim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonoo No
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Ferreira FR, Di Chiacchio NG, Alvarenga MLD, Mandelbaum SH. Involucrin in the differential diagnosis between linear psoriasis and inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus: a report of one case. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 88:604-7. [PMID: 24068133 PMCID: PMC3760937 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus is a variant of verrucous epidermal nevus, characterized by recurrent inflammatory phenomena. Despite well-established clinical manifestations, the differential diagnosis between inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus and linear psoriasis remains difficult. Clinical history, physical examination and histopathology analysis may not be sufficient to confirm the diagnosis. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl in which the involucrin immunostaining was helpful in the diagnosis of inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus. Our findings confirm that involucrin immunohistochemistry is a useful tool in such cases.
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44
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Saha K, Adhikary G, Kanade SR, Rorke EA, Eckert RL. p38δ regulates p53 to control p21Cip1 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11443-11453. [PMID: 24599959 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.543165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PKCδ suppresses keratinocyte proliferation via a mechanism that involves increased expression of p21(Cip1). However, the signaling mechanism that mediates this regulation is not well understood. Our present studies suggest that PKCδ activates p38δ leading to increased p21(Cip1) promoter activity and p21(Cip1) mRNA/protein expression. We further show that exogenously expressed p38δ increases p21(Cip1) mRNA and protein and that p38δ knockdown or expression of dominant-negative p38 attenuates this increase. Moreover, p53 is an intermediary in this regulation, as p38δ expression increases p53 mRNA, protein, and promoter activity, and p53 knockdown attenuates the activation. We demonstrate a direct interaction of p38δ with PKCδ and MEK3 and show that exogenous agents that suppress keratinocyte proliferation activate this pathway. We confirm the importance of this regulation using a stratified epidermal equivalent model, which mimics in vivo-like keratinocyte differentiation. In this model, PKCδ or p38δ knockdown results in reduced p53 and p21(Cip1) levels and enhanced cell proliferation. We propose that PKCδ activates a MEKK1/MEK3/p38δ MAPK cascade to increase p53 levels and p53 drives p21(Cip1) gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Saha
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ellen A Rorke
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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45
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White R, Chenciner N, Bonello G, Salas M, Blancou P, Gauduin MC. Epithelial stem cells as mucosal antigen-delivering cells: A novel AIDS vaccine approach. Vaccine 2013; 33:6914-21. [PMID: 24286835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A key obstacle limiting development of an effective AIDS vaccine is the inability to deliver antigen for a sufficient period of time resulting in weak and transient protection. HIV transmission occurs predominantly across mucosal surfaces; therefore, an ideal vaccine strategy would be to target HIV at mucosal entry sites to prevent infection. Such a novel strategy relies on the activation of mucosal immune response via presentation of viral antigens by the mucosal epithelial cells. The use of a terminally differentiated epithelial cell promoter to drive expression of antigens leading to viral protein production in the upper layers of the epithelium is central to the success of this approach. Our results show that when administered intradermally to mice, a GFP-reporter gene under the transcriptional control of the involucrin promoter is expressed in the upper layers of the epidermis and, although transduced cells were very low in number, high and sustained anti-GFP antibody production is observed in vivo. A subsequent experiment investigates the effectiveness of GFP-tagged replication-competent SIVdeltaNef and GFP-tagged replication-deficient SIVdeltaVifdeltaNef constructs under the transcriptional control of the involucrin promoter. Optimal conditions for production of pseudotyped VSV-G viral particles destined to transduce basal epithelial stem cells at the mucosal sites of entry of SIV in our animal model were determined. Altogether, the data demonstrate the feasibility of an epithelium-based vaccine containing involucrin-driven viral antigen encoding sequences that integrate into epithelial stem cells and show long-term expression in the upper layer of the epithelium even after multiple cycle of epithelia renewal. Such epithelium-based vaccine should elicit a long-term immunity against HIV/SIV infection at the site of entry of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert White
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Virology and Immunology, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Nicole Chenciner
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Rétrovirologie Moléculaire, CNRS URA 3015, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Gregory Bonello
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Virology and Immunology, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Mary Salas
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Virology and Immunology, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Philippe Blancou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Marie-Claire Gauduin
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Virology and Immunology, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
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Zhao KN, Masci PP, Chen J, Lavin MF. Calcium prevents retinoic acid-induced disruption of the spectrin-based cytoskeleton in keratinocytes through the Src/PI3K-p85α/AKT/PKCδ/β-adducin pathways. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:151-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Centre for Kidney Disease--Venomics Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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47
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Chau DYS, Johnson C, MacNeil S, Haycock JW, Ghaemmaghami AM. The development of a 3D immunocompetent model of human skin. Biofabrication 2013; 5:035011. [PMID: 23880658 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/3/035011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As the first line of defence, skin is regularly exposed to a variety of biological, physical and chemical insults. Therefore, determining the skin sensitization potential of new chemicals is of paramount importance from the safety assessment and regulatory point of view. Given the questionable biological relevance of animal models to human as well as ethical and regulatory pressure to limit or stop the use of animal models for safety testing, there is a need for developing simple yet physiologically relevant models of human skin. Herein, we describe the construction of a novel immunocompetent 3D human skin model comprising of dendritic cells co-cultured with keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This model culture system is simple to assemble with readily-available components and importantly, can be separated into its constitutive individual layers to allow further insight into cell-cell interactions and detailed studies of the mechanisms of skin sensitization. In this study, using non-degradable microfibre scaffolds and a cell-laden gel, we have engineered a multilayer 3D immunocompetent model comprised of keratinocytes and fibroblasts that are interspersed with dendritic cells. We have characterized this model using a combination of confocal microscopy, immuno-histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy and have shown differentiation of the epidermal layer and formation of an epidermal barrier. Crucially the immune cells in the model are able to migrate and remain responsive to stimulation with skin sensitizers even at low concentrations. We therefore suggest this new biologically relevant skin model will prove valuable in investigating the mechanisms of allergic contact dermatitis and other skin pathologies in human. Once fully optimized, this model can also be used as a platform for testing the allergenic potential of new chemicals and drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y S Chau
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Siljamäki E, Raiko L, Toriseva M, Nissinen L, Näreoja T, Peltonen J, Kähäri VM, Peltonen S. p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 in differentiating human epidermal keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:131-41. [PMID: 23856837 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has recognized tight junctions (TJs) as the lower epidermal inside-out diffusion barrier located in granular cell layers of the epidermis. However, little is known about the regulation of TJ components in epidermis. p38 pathway is one of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, which controls cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have investigated the role of p38 signaling pathway in the regulation of selected desmosomal, adherens and TJ components in human primary keratinocytes during Ca(2+)-induced differentiation, as well as in cultured squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. p38 signaling pathway was inhibited in cultured keratinocytes and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells using recombinant adenoviruses, small inhibitory RNAs (siRNA) and chemical inhibitors. Expression of intercellular junction proteins was investigated using Western analysis and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). The results showed that inhibition of p38δ function by siRNA or adenovirally delivered dominant negative mutant led to markedly decreased levels of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein in keratinocytes, while the expression of other junctional proteins studied was not altered. Immunolocalization of ZO-1 revealed that intercellular junction areas were depleted from ZO-1. Inhibition of ZO-1 by siRNA silencing did not however result in an altered expression or subcellular localization of other TJ components studied. The expression of ZO-1 in carcinoma cells was also regulated by p38. The results indicate that ZO-1 is regulated by p38δ while the other junction proteins studied are not. Since ZO-1 is an integral component of functional TJs, various pathological processes affecting signaling via p38δ may also interfere with epithelial maturation and the formation and function of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Siljamäki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O.B 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
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AP1 transcription factors in epidermal differentiation and skin cancer. J Skin Cancer 2013; 2013:537028. [PMID: 23762562 PMCID: PMC3676924 DOI: 10.1155/2013/537028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AP1 (jun/fos) transcription factors (c-jun, junB, junD, c-fos, FosB, Fra-1, and Fra-2) are key regulators of epidermal keratinocyte survival and differentiation and important drivers of cancer development. Understanding the role of these factors in epidermis is complicated by the fact that each protein is expressed, at different levels, in multiple cells layers in differentiating epidermis, and because AP1 transcription factors regulate competing processes (i.e., proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation). Various in vivo genetic approaches have been used to study these proteins including targeted and conditional knockdown, overexpression, and expression of dominant-negative inactivating AP1 transcription factors in epidermis. Taken together, these studies suggest that individual AP1 transcription factors have different functions in the epidermis and in cancer development and that altering AP1 transcription factor function in the basal versus suprabasal layers differentially influences the epidermal differentiation response and disease and cancer development.
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Chew YC, Adhikary G, Xu W, Wilson GM, Eckert RL. Protein kinase C δ increases Kruppel-like factor 4 protein, which drives involucrin gene transcription in differentiating keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17759-68. [PMID: 23599428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF4 is a member of the Kruppel-like factor family of transcriptional regulators. KLF4 has been shown to be required for normal terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, but the molecular mechanism whereby KLF4 regulates genes associated with the differentiation process has not been studied. In the present study, we explore the impact of KLF4 on expression of involucrin, a gene that is specifically expressed in differentiated keratinocytes. KLF4 overexpression and knockdown studies show that involucrin mRNA and protein level correlates directly with KLF4 level. Moreover, studies of mutant KLF4 proteins indicate that transcriptionally inactive forms do not increase involucrin expression. PKCδ is a regulator of keratinocyte differentiation that increases expression of differentiation-associated target genes, including involucrin. Overexpression of KLF4 augments the PKCδ-dependent increase in involucrin expression, whereas KLF4 knockdown attenuates this response. The KLF4 induction of human involucrin (hINV) promoter activity is mediated via KLF4 binding to a GC-rich element located in the hINV promoter distal regulatory region, a region of the promoter required for in vivo involucrin expression. Mutation of the GC-rich element, an adjacent AP1 factor binding site, or both sites severely attenuates the response. Moreover, loss of KLF4 in an epidermal equivalent model of differentiation results in loss of hINV expression. These studies suggest that KLF4 is part of a multiprotein complex that interacts that the hINV promoter distal regulatory region to drive differentiation-dependent hINV gene expression in epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yap Ching Chew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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