1
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Hu X, Guo R, Qi Z, Zhang Y, Li W, Hao C. Genetic screening reveals hotspot variants and prevalence rates of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in the Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119813. [PMID: 38876249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with varied clinical manifestations, including oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency, and systemic complications. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for medical interventions and genetic counseling. We aimed to characterize the prevalence and spectrum of pathogenic variants of HPS in the Chinese population through genetic screening of newborns. METHODS Genetic screening for HPS mutations was conducted in 29,622 Chinese newborns from 13 provinces using next-generation sequencing. Pathogenic variants were identified and classified according to ACMG guidelines. Prevalence rates were estimated, and potential hotspot variants were identified. RESULTS Among screened newborns, 215 carriers with 103 distinct pathogenic variants were identified, including two carriers with additional missense variants. Potential hotspot variants in seven genes were identified, collectively representing over 20 % of carriers in each respective gene. Particularly, the HPS3 c.1838C>G variant was exclusively reported in the Chinese population, suggesting a potential founder effect. The estimated prevalence rate of HPS in China was 2.84/1,000,000. CONCLUSION Our study provides valuable insights into the genetic landscape of HPS in the Chinese population, aiding in genetic counseling, early diagnosis, and management strategies. These findings contribute to enhancing the understanding and management of HPS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Institute of Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Ruolan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Institute of Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Zhan Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Institute of Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China.
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Institute of Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China.
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2
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Thuong MTH, Anh LTL, Nhung VP, Ngoc TTB, Lan HT, Phuong DK, Ha NH, Van Hai N, Ton ND. Genetic analyses of Vietnamese patients with oculocutaneous albinism. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24625. [PMID: 35870188 PMCID: PMC9459276 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Thi Huyen Thuong
- Institute of Genome Research (IGR) Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
- Graduated University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Luong Thi Lan Anh
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics Hanoi Medical University Hanoi Viet Nam
| | - Vu Phuong Nhung
- Institute of Genome Research (IGR) Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Bich Ngoc
- Institute of Genome Research (IGR) Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thu Lan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics Hanoi Medical University Hanoi Viet Nam
| | - Doan Kim Phuong
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics Hanoi Medical University Hanoi Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hai Ha
- Institute of Genome Research (IGR) Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
- Graduated University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Nong Van Hai
- Institute of Genome Research (IGR) Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
- Graduated University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Dang Ton
- Institute of Genome Research (IGR) Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
- Graduated University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Ha Noi Vietnam
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3
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Dumitrescu AV, Tran J, Pfeifer W, Bhattarai SV, Kemerley A, Dunn TV, Wang K, Scheetz TE, Drack A. Clinical albinism score, presence of nystagmus and optic nerves defects are correlated with visual outcome in patients with oculocutaneous albinism. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:539-552. [PMID: 34251969 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1933544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To correlate clinical features, molecular genetic findings, and visual acuity in a cohort of patients clinically diagnosed with oculocutaneous albinism.Design: Retrospective chart reviewMethods: 58 charts met the inclusion criteria. Clinical examination, ancillary testing, and molecular genetic diagnoses were extracted. A novel clinical albinism score (CAS) was developed.Results: A least one likely pathogenic mutation was found in 44/58 (75.9%) patients. Mutations in the OCA1 gene were the most common (52.3%), followed by OCA2 (34%), OCA4 (2.3%), OA1 (6.8%), and HPS (4.5%). Thirty-four percentage of patients had a complete genotype, 41% had one mutation found and 24% had negative genetic testing. CAS was statistically significantly higher in patients with complete genotype, versus patients with one or no mutations found (p < .01). Better visual acuity was associated with lower CAS and fewer disease-causing mutations (p < .01). Foveal defects and iris transillumination were associated with a higher number of mutations (p < .01). Patients with nystagmus or anomalous optic nerves had worse visual acuity than those who did not (p < .01, p < .05).Conclusions: Patients with a complete genotype were more likely to have higher CAS. Vision loss correlated with complete phenotype and higher CAS, the presence of nystagmus and anomalous optic nerves. Patients with features of albinism in whom an incomplete genotype was found had better vision than those with complete genotype, suggesting a mild occult mutation or modifier variant. Genetic diagnosis is vital for complete diagnosis, counseling, and family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina V Dumitrescu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Johnny Tran
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wanda Pfeifer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sajag V Bhattarai
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew Kemerley
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Taylor V Dunn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tod E Scheetz
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Arlene Drack
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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4
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Fernández A, Hayashi M, Garrido G, Montero A, Guardia A, Suzuki T, Montoliu L. Genetics of non-syndromic and syndromic oculocutaneous albinism in human and mouse. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:786-799. [PMID: 33960688 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is the most frequent presentation of albinism, a heterogeneous rare genetic condition generally associated with variable alterations in pigmentation and with a profound visual impairment. There are non-syndromic and syndromic types of OCA, depending on whether the gene product affected impairs essentially the function of melanosomes or, in addition, that of other lysosome-related organelles (LROs), respectively. Syndromic OCA can be more severe and associated with additional systemic consequences, beyond pigmentation and vision alterations. In addition to OCA, albinism can also be presented without obvious skin and hair pigmentation alterations, in ocular albinism (OA), and a related genetic condition known as foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects, and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA). In this review, we will focus only in the genetics of skin pigmentation in OCA, both in human and mouse, updating our current knowledge on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Fernández
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Gema Garrido
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Montero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guardia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Wang C, Shi P, Li Q, Chen C, Zhao X, Zhang R, Kong X. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Five Chinese patients with novel variants in HPS1 and HPS6. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104228. [PMID: 33878481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is a rare, autosomal, recessive syndromic form of albinism characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, and a series of clinical complications. It is rarely reported in China, even with its large population base. In this study, we describe the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of five unrelated Chinese Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pedigrees following clinical observation and next-generation sequencing. We identified three HPS-1 and two HPS-6 cases among 548 Chinese patients with oculocutaneous albinism. Five novel variants [c.1279_1280insGGAG p.(Asp427Glyfs*27) and c.875_878delACAG p.(Asp292Alafs*38) in HPS1 and c.1999C>T p.(Arg667*), c.335G>A p.(W112*), and c.1732C>T p.(R578*) in HPS6] were identified by next-generation sequencing. Our findings expand the spectrum of known variants and the genetic background of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, which may help in investigating phenotype-genotype relationships and aid in genetic counselling of patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Wang
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Panlai Shi
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xuechao Zhao
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Renfeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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6
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Yokoyama T, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis: a rare inherited interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200193. [PMID: 33536261 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0193-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown aetiology with a poor prognosis. Studying genetic diseases associated with pulmonary fibrosis provides insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by abnormal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles, manifests with oculocutaneous albinism and excessive bleeding of variable severity. Pulmonary fibrosis is highly prevalent in three out of 10 genetic types of HPS (HPS-1, HPS-2 and HPS-4). Thus, genotyping of individuals with HPS is clinically relevant. HPS-1 tends to affect Puerto Rican individuals due to a genetic founder effect. HPS pulmonary fibrosis shares some clinical features with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), including dyspnoea, cough, restrictive lung physiology and computed tomography (CT) findings of fibrosis. In contrast to IPF, HPS pulmonary fibrosis generally affects children (HPS-2) or middle-aged adults (HPS-1 or HPS-4) and may be associated with ground-glass opacification in CT scans. Histopathology of HPS pulmonary fibrosis, and not IPF, shows vacuolated hyperplastic type II cells with enlarged lamellar bodies and alveolar macrophages with lipofuscin-like deposits. Antifibrotic drugs approved as treatment for IPF are not approved for HPS pulmonary fibrosis. However, lung transplantation has been performed in patients with severe HPS pulmonary fibrosis. HPS pulmonary fibrosis serves as a model for studying fibrotic lung disease and fibrosis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Dept of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Okamura K, Suzuki T. Current landscape of Oculocutaneous Albinism in Japan. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:190-203. [PMID: 32969595 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), which is roughly divided into non-syndromic and syndromic OCA, is a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in genes associated with pigmentation. Patients with OCA have hypopigmentation and ocular manifestations such as photophobia, amblyopia, and nystagmus. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), the most common syndromic OCA, is characterized by the additional features of a bleeding tendency and other critical systemic comorbidities such as pulmonary fibrosis and immunodeficiency. NGS-based gene analyses have identified several new causative genes for OCA and have detected rare subtypes of OCA with high accuracy including Japanese patients. In our survey of 190 Japanese OCA patients/families, OCA4 is the most common subtype (25.3%) followed by OCA1 (20.0%), HPS1 (14.7%), and OCA2 (8.4%). Similar to the A481T variant in OCA2, which is associated with a mild form of OCA2 and skin color variation, the c.-492_489delAATG variant located in the promoter region of SLC45A2 has been uniquely identified in Japanese patients with a mild form of OCA4. Further, rare OCA subtypes, including OCA3, HPS2, HPS3, HPS4, HPS5, HPS6, and HPS9, have also been identified in Japanese patients. The clinical characteristics and underlying molecular mechanisms of each subtype of OCA are concisely summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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8
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Liu T, Yuan Y, Bai D, Qi Z, Yang L, Zhang T, Yang X, Li W, Wei A. Genetic variants and mutational spectrum of Chinese Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:111-121. [PMID: 32725903 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Liu
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center National Center for Children's HealthBeijing China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Dayong Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology National Center for Children's Health Beijing Children’s Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Zhan Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center National Center for Children's HealthBeijing China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center National Center for Children's HealthBeijing China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
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9
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Huizing M, Malicdan MCV, Wang JA, Pri-Chen H, Hess RA, Fischer R, O'Brien KJ, Merideth MA, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Mutation update. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:543-580. [PMID: 31898847 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of 10 autosomal recessive multisystem disorders, each defined by the deficiency of a specific gene. HPS-associated genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes: Adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) through -3. All individuals with HPS exhibit albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features occur depending on the defective protein complex. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with AP-3 and BLOC-3 deficiency, immunodeficiency with AP-3 defects, and gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and severe in BLOC-3 deficiency. Therefore, identification of the HPS subtype is valuable for prognosis, clinical management, and treatment options. The prevalence of HPS is estimated at 1-9 per 1,000,000. Here we summarize 264 reported and novel variants in 10 HPS genes and estimate that ~333 Puerto Rican HPS subjects and ~385 with other ethnicities are reported to date. We provide pathogenicity predictions for missense and splice site variants and list variants with high minor allele frequencies. Current cellular and clinical aspects of HPS are also summarized. This review can serve as a manifest for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling aspects of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - May C V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hadass Pri-Chen
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard A Hess
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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10
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Mai S, Nishie W, Mai Y, Natsuga K, Nomura T, Suzuki S, Araki Y, Suzuki T, Shimizu H. Speckled lentiginous nevus in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. J Dermatol 2019; 47:e20-e21. [PMID: 31625174 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Mai
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Araki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Albinism: epidemiology, genetics, cutaneous characterization, psychosocial factors. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:503-520. [PMID: 31777350 PMCID: PMC6857599 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the complete absence or decrease of melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes. Due to the reduction or absence of melanin, albinos are highly susceptible to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation and are at increased risk of actinic damage and skin cancer. In Brazil, as in other parts of the world, albinism remains a little known disorder, both in relation to epidemiological data and to phenotypic and genotypic variation. In several regions of the country, individuals with albinism have no access to resources or specialized medical care, and are often neglected and deprived of social inclusion. Brazil is a tropical country, with a high incidence of solar radiation during the year nationwide. Consequently, actinic damage and skin cancer occur early and have a high incidence in this population, often leading to premature death. Skin monitoring of these patients and immediate therapeutic interventions have a positive impact in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Health education is important to inform albinos and their families, the general population, educators, medical professionals, and public agencies about the particularities of this genetic condition. The aim of this article is to present a review of the epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and psychosocial characteristics of albinism, with a focus in skin changes caused by this rare pigmentation disorder.
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12
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Merideth MA, Introne WJ, Wang JA, O'Brien KJ, Huizing M, Gochuico BR. Genetic variants associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Platelets 2019; 31:544-547. [PMID: 32436471 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1663810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. Clinical manifestations include a bleeding diathesis due to a platelet delta storage pool deficiency, oculocutaneous albinism, inflammatory bowel disease, neutropenia, and pulmonary fibrosis. Ten genes associated with HPS are identified to date, and each gene encodes a protein subunit of either Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex (BLOC)-1, BLOC-2, BLOC-3, or the Adaptor Protein-3 complex. Several genetic variants and phenotypic heterogeneities are reported in individuals with HPS, who generally exhibit easy bruisability and increased bleeding. Desmopressin, pro-coagulants, or platelet transfusion may be used as prophylaxis or treatment for excessive bleeding in patients with HPS. However, response to desmopressin can be variable. Platelets are effective in preventing or treating bleeding in individuals with HPS, but platelets should be transfused judiciously to limit alloimmunization in patients with HPS who are at risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis and may be potential candidates for lung transplantation. The discovery of new genes associated with HPS in people with excessive bleeding and hypopigmentation of unknown etiology may be facilitated by the use of next-generation sequencing or panel-based genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Okamura K, Hayashi M, Abe Y, Kono M, Nakajima K, Aoyama Y, Nishigori C, Ishimoto H, Ishimatsu Y, Nakajima M, Hozumi Y, Suzuki T. NGS‐based targeted resequencing identified rare subtypes of albinism: Providing accurate molecular diagnosis for Japanese patients with albinism. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:848-853. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Yuko Abe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Michihiro Kono
- Department of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Kimiko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School Kochi University Kochi Japan
| | - Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Mika Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics Hakodate Central General Hospital Hakodate Japan
| | - Yutaka Hozumi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
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14
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Ishihara J, Mizuochi T, Uchida T, Takaki Y, Konishi KI, Joo M, Takahashi Y, Yoshioka S, Kusano H, Sasahara Y, Yamashita Y. Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:9. [PMID: 30634918 PMCID: PMC6329123 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-0929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disorder that manifests oculocutaneous albinism together with bleeding diatheses that reflect a platelet storage pool deficiency. Ten genetic subtypes of this autosomal recessive condition have been described to date. Some patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1, 4, or 6 develop Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease at any age including early childhood, but most often in adolescence or young adulthood. Here we report infantile-onset of inflammatory bowel disease in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 who responded to infliximab. CASE PRESENTATION A Japanese boy, the second child of non-consanguineous healthy parents, was born with chalky white skin, silvery-white hair, and gray eyes, representing oculocutaneous albinism. He developed frequent diarrhea and fever accompanied by weight loss at 6 months, and was diagnosed with Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease based on the endoscopic finding of longitudinal ulcerations in the colon and the histopathologic finding of nonspecific chronic inflammation without granulomas at the age of 11 months. Treatment with an elemental diet, salazosulfapyridine, and corticosteroids failed to improve clinical or laboratory abnormalities, and the diarrhea became bloody. At 13 months he began treatment with infliximab, which produced marked improvement followed by clinical remission. Endoscopy at 20 months demonstrated healing of the colonic mucosa. At 22 months he is in sustained clinical remission receiving only infliximab. Because albinism with inflammatory bowel disease suggested Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, we performed genetic screening using next-generation sequencing in a targeted gene panel analysis for primary immunodeficiency disease and/or inflammatory bowel disease. The patient proved to have a compound heterozygous mutation of the HPS1 gene resulting in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. CONCLUSIONS We consider this report to be the first account of type 1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with infantile-onset of inflammatory bowel disease. Early administration of infliximab was effective. We recommend next-generation sequencing for patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease suspected to be monogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Mizuochi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Takashi Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yugo Takaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiko Joo
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshioka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
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15
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Okamura K, Abe Y, Araki Y, Wakamatsu K, Seishima M, Umetsu T, Kato A, Kawaguchi M, Hayashi M, Hozumi Y, Suzuki T. Characterization of melanosomes and melanin in Japanese patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome types 1, 4, 6, and 9. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:267-276. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Yuko Abe
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Yuta Araki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Health Sciences; Fujita Health University; Toyoake Japan
| | - Mariko Seishima
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Takafumi Umetsu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine; Mibu Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Hematology; Tokyo Kyosai Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masakazu Kawaguchi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Yutaka Hozumi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
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16
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Loredana Asztalos M, Schafernak KT, Gray J, Berry A, Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Report of two patients with updated genetic classification and management recommendations. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:638-646. [PMID: 29044644 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in one of nine genes involved in the packaging and formation of specialized lysosomes, including melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. The cardinal features are pigmentary dilution, bleeding diathesis, and accumulation of ceroid-like material in reticuloendothelial cells. Pulmonary fibrosis induced by tissue damage is seen in the most severe forms, and one subtype is characterized by immunodeficiency. We describe two patients with HPS type 1 and review the updated gene-based classification, clinical features, and recommendations for evaluation and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Loredana Asztalos
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristian T Schafernak
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jayla Gray
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam Berry
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy S Paller
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony J Mancini
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Wei A, Yuan Y, Bai D, Ma J, Hao Z, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhou Z, Yang L, Yang X, Li L, Li W. NGS-based 100-gene panel of hypopigmentation identifies mutations in Chinese Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:702-706. [PMID: 27593200 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare recessive disorder characterized by hypopigmentation, bleeding diathesis, and other symptoms due to multiple defects in lysosome-related organelles. Ten HPS subtypes have been identified with mutations in HPS1 to HPS10. Only four patients with HPS-1 have been reported in Chinese population. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we have screened 100 hypopigmentation genes and identified four HPS-1, two HPS-3, one HPS-5, and three HPS-6 in Chinese HPS patients with typical ocular or oculocutaneous albinism and the absence of platelet dense granules together with other variable phenotypes. All these patients except one homozygote were compound heterozygotes. Among these mutations, 14 were previously unreported alleles (four in HPS1, three in HPS3, two in HPS5, five in HPS6). Our results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of NGS-based panel diagnostics for HPS. Genotyping of HPS subtypes is a prerequisite for intervention of subtype-specific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Childrens Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Childrens Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Hao
- Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Childrens Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Childrens Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Childrens Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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18
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Miyamichi D, Asahina M, Nakajima J, Sato M, Hosono K, Nomura T, Negishi T, Miyake N, Hotta Y, Ogata T, Matsumoto N. Novel HPS6 mutations identified by whole-exome sequencing in two Japanese sisters with suspected ocular albinism. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:839-42. [PMID: 27225848 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, platelet dysfunction and ceroid deposition. We report suspected ocular albinism in two Japanese sisters, caused by mutations in the HPS6 (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6) gene. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified novel compound heterozygous mutations in HPS6 (c.1898delC: mother origin and c.2038C>T: father origin) in the two sisters. To date, 10 associated mutations have been detected in HPS6. Although we detected no general manifestations, including platelet dysfunction, in the sisters, even in long-term follow-up, we established a diagnosis of HPS type 6 based on the HPS6 mutations and absence of dense bodies in the platelets, indicating that WES can identify cases of HPS type 6. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of HPS6 mutations in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Asahina
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hosono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hotta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Iwata Y, Kobayashi T, Arima M, Numata S, Yagami A, Okamura K, Araki Y, Sugiura K, Suzuki T, Matsunaga K. Case of Japanese Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome patient with deeply invasive squamous cell carcinoma and multiple lesions of actinic keratosis on the face and neck. J Dermatol 2016; 44:219-220. [PMID: 27178242 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tsukane Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shigeki Numata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ken Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuta Araki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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20
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Sánchez-Guiu I, Torregrosa JM, Velasco F, Antón AI, Lozano ML, Vicente V, Rivera J. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Overview of clinical and molecular features and case report of a new HPS-1 variant. Hamostaseologie 2014; 34:301-9. [PMID: 25117010 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-06-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder affecting lysosome-related organelles (LRO), including dense platelet granules. HPS causes oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, bleeding diathesis and granulomatous colitis or pulmonary fibrosis. To date, there is no curative treatment and the clinical management depends on the severity of symptoms. A prompt diagnosis of HPS patients could improve their quality of life and clinical management. However, the absence of a specific platelet function test, the wide molecular heterogeneity, and the lack of phenotype-genotype correlations hamper the rapid diagnosis. Nine subtypes of HPS have been identified as a result of mutations in nine genes that codify for proteins involved in formation and shuttle of the LRO. The molecular characterization of patients and knowledge derived from animal models of HPS contribute to the understanding of biogenesis and function of the LRO. This paper describes a patient with a novel homozygous nonsense mutation causing HPS and provides a review of the literature focusing on recent advances in the molecular characterization and physiopathology of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J Rivera
- José Rivera, PhD., Centro Regional de Hemodonación, C/ Ronda de Garay s/n, Murcia, 30003, Spain, Tel. +34/968/34 19 90; Fax +34/968/261 91, E-mail:
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21
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Wei AH, He X, Li W. Hypopigmentation in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. J Dermatol 2014; 40:325-9. [PMID: 23668540 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency, and ceroid deposition which often leads to death in midlife. Currently, nine genes have been identified as causative for HPS in humans. Hypopigmentation is the prominent feature of HPS, attributable to the disrupted biogenesis of melanosome, a member of the lysosome-related organelle (LRO) family. Current understanding of the cargo transporting mechanisms into the melanosomes expands our knowledge of the pathogenesis of hypopigmentation in HPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Takeuchi S, Abe Y, Yamada T, Kawano S, Hozumi Y, Ito S, Suzuki T, Nishigori C. Case of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1 patient with milder symptoms in Japanese. J Dermatol 2014; 41:268-70. [PMID: 24479888 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takeuchi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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23
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Kanazu M, Arai T, Sugimoto C, Kitaichi M, Akira M, Abe Y, Hozumi Y, Suzuki T, Inoue Y. An intractable case of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Intern Med 2014; 53:2629-34. [PMID: 25400188 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 52-year-old Japanese man with congenital amblyopia and oculocutaneous albinism was admitted to our hospital. Chest CT showed reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis without honeycombing. Specimens obtained by a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery showed patchy chronic fibrotic lesions. We diagnosed him with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). A mutation in the HPS1 gene was detected, and the diagnosis was confirmed. The patient was treated with prednisolone, pirfenidone, and azathioprine, but he nevertheless died within four months. Autopsy lung specimens showed diffuse alveolar damage suggesting comparatively rapid deterioration, although this presentation was not typical of an acute exacerbation. These pathological changes may be a possible progression pattern in HPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kanazu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan
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24
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Montoliu L, Grønskov K, Wei AH, Martínez-García M, Fernández A, Arveiler B, Morice-Picard F, Riazuddin S, Suzuki T, Ahmed ZM, Rosenberg T, Li W. Increasing the complexity: new genes and new types of albinism. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 27:11-8. [PMID: 24066960 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Albinism is a rare genetic condition globally characterized by a number of specific deficits in the visual system, resulting in poor vision, in association with a variable hypopigmentation phenotype. This lack or reduction in pigment might affect the eyes, skin, and hair (oculocutaneous albinism, OCA), or only the eyes (ocular albinism, OA). In addition, there are several syndromic forms of albinism (e.g. Hermansky-Pudlak and Chediak-Higashi syndromes, HPS and CHS, respectively) in which the described hypopigmented and visual phenotypes coexist with more severe pathological alterations. Recently, a locus has been mapped to the 4q24 human chromosomal region and thus represents an additional genetic cause of OCA, termed OCA5, while the gene is eventually identified. In addition, two new genes have been identified as causing OCA when mutated: SLC24A5 and C10orf11, and hence designated as OCA6 and OCA7, respectively. This consensus review, involving all laboratories that have reported these new genes, aims to update and agree upon the current gene nomenclature and types of albinism, while providing additional insights from the function of these new genes in pigment cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Hsu CC, Pai WY, Lai CY, Lu MW, Her GM. Genetic characterization and in vivo image analysis of novel zebrafish Danio rerio pigment mutants. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:1671-1683. [PMID: 23639161 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the isolation and characterization of a new type of transparent zebrafish Danio rerio mutant called pinky (pk), which has been visually isolated from a spontaneous mutation in a D. rerio colony. The pk larvae possess complex mutations affecting pigmentation because of missing pigment cells or a dramatic reduction in the chromatophore number. The pk displays a totally colourless phenotype and adult body transplant with no other obvious external morphological abnormalities, except for a red retina. The molecular analysis results in several candidate genes, hps1, ap3m2 and rabggta, implicated in the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) genes associated with HPS in pk. To demonstrate its applications of deep-tissue imaging, this study examines green fluorescent protein alone or with other fluorescent proteins to investigate their capability for using multilabelling purposes in live adult pk. In this study, pk is particularly valuable for tissue cell labelling and internal organogenesis studies because of its optical clarity in the adult body.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66, Sec. 1, Fongsing Rd, Tanzih Township, Taichung County 427, Taiwan
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26
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Wei AH, Li W. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: pigmentary and non-pigmentary defects and their pathogenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:176-92. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; China
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27
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A divalent interaction between HPS1 and HPS4 is required for the formation of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex-3 (BLOC-3). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:468-78. [PMID: 23103514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding tendency, and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis or infections. Nine HPS-causing genes have been identified in humans. HPS-1 is the most severe subtype with a prevalence of ~1/1800 in northwest Puerto Rico due to a founder mutation in the HPS1 gene. Mutations in HPS genes affect the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes in melanocytes and platelet dense granules. Two of these genes (HPS1 and HPS4) encode the HPS1 and HPS4 proteins, which assemble to form a complex known as Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelle Complex 3 (BLOC-3). We report the identification of the interacting regions in HPS1 and HPS4 required for the formation of this complex. Two regions in HPS1, spanning amino acids 1-249 and 506-700 are required for binding to HPS4; the middle portion of HPS1 (residues 250-505) is not required for this interaction. Further interaction studies showed that the N-termini of HPS1 and HPS4 interact with each other and that a discrete region of HPS4 (residues 340-528) interacts with both the N- and C-termini of the HPS1 protein. Several missense mutations found in HPS-1 patients did not affect interaction with HPS4, but some mutations involving regions interacting with HPS4 caused instability of HPS1. These observations extend our understanding of BLOC-3 assembly and represent an important first step in the identification of domains responsible for the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles.
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28
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Carmona-Rivera C, Hess RA, O'Brien K, Golas G, Tsilou E, White JG, Gahl WA, Huizing M. Novel mutations in the HPS1 gene among Puerto Rican patients. Clin Genet 2011; 79:561-7. [PMID: 20662851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a disorder of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and platelet storage pool deficiency. Eight different disease-causing genes have been identified, whose gene products are thought to be involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. HPS type 1 (HPS-1) is the most common HPS subtype in Puerto Rico, with a frequency of 1:1800 in the northwest of the island due to a founder mutation, i.e. a 16-bp duplication in exon 15 of the HPS1 gene (c.1472_1487dup16; p.H497QfsX90). We identified three Puerto Rican HPS-1 patients who carried compound heterozygous HPS1 mutations. One patient was heterozygous for c.937G>A, causing a missense mutation (p.G313S) at the 3 splice junction of exon 10. This mutation resulted in activation of a cryptic intronic splice site causing an aberrantly spliced HPS1 mRNA that included 144-bp of intronic sequence, producing 11 novel amino acids followed by a stop codon. The other two patients were heterozygous for the previously reported c.972delC in HPS1, resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon (p.M325WfsX6). These findings indicate that, among Puerto Ricans, other HPS1 mutations apart from the 16-bp duplication should be considered in the analysis of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carmona-Rivera
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Clinical, molecular, and cellular features of non-Puerto Rican Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome patients of Hispanic descent. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2394-400. [PMID: 21833017 PMCID: PMC3213276 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by a bleeding diathesis and hypopigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. Some HPS patients develop other complications such as granulomatous colitis and/or a fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Eight genes have been associated with the condition, resulting in subtypes HPS-1 through HPS-8. The HPS gene products are involved in the biogenesis of specialized lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes, platelet delta granules and others. HPS1 and HPS4 form a stable complex named BLOC-3, and patients with BLOC-3 or AP-3 deficiency develop pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, it is important to subtype each HPS patient. HPS type 1 (HPS-1) occurs frequently on the island Puerto Rico due to a founder mutation. Here, we describe seven mutations, six of which are previously unreported, in the HPS1, HPS4 and HPS5 genes among patients of Mexican, Uruguayan, Honduran, Cuban, Venezuelan and Salvadoran ancestries. Our findings demonstrate that the diagnosis of HPS should be considered in Hispanic patients with oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding symptoms. Moreover, such patients should not be assumed to have the HPS-1 subtype typical of northwest Puerto Rican patients. We recommend molecular HPS subtyping in such cases, since it may have significant implications for prognosis and intervention.
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Kloer DP, Rojas R, Ivan V, Moriyama K, van Vlijmen T, Murthy N, Ghirlando R, van der Sluijs P, Hurley JH, Bonifacino JS. Assembly of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3) and its interaction with Rab9. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7794-804. [PMID: 20048159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.069088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic hypopigmentation and bleeding disorder caused by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) such as melanosomes and platelet dense bodies. HPS arises from mutations in any of 8 genes in humans and 16 genes in mice. Two of these genes, HPS1 and HPS4, encode components of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3). Herein we show that recombinant HPS1-HPS4 produced in insect cells can be efficiently isolated as a 1:1 heterodimer. Analytical ultracentrifugation reveals that this complex has a molecular mass of 146 kDa, equivalent to that of the native complex and to the sum of the predicted molecular masses of HPS1 and HPS4. This indicates that HPS1 and HPS4 interact directly in the absence of any other protein as part of BLOC-3. Limited proteolysis and deletion analyses show that both subunits interact with one another throughout most of their lengths with the sole exception of a long, unstructured loop in the central part of HPS4. An interaction screen reveals a specific and strong interaction of BLOC-3 with the GTP-bound form of the endosomal GTPase, Rab9. This interaction is mediated by HPS4 and the switch I and II regions of Rab9. These characteristics indicate that BLOC-3 might function as a Rab9 effector in the biogenesis of LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Kloer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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31
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Wei A, Lian S, Wang L, Li W. The first case report of a Chinese Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome patient with a novel mutation on HPS1 gene. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:130-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Merideth MA, Vincent LM, Sparks SE, Hess RA, Manoli I, O'Brien KJ, Tsilou E, White JG, Huizing M, Gahl WA. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in two African-American brothers. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:987-92. [PMID: 19334085 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding disorder, and, in some patients, granulomatous colitis and/or a fatal pulmonary fibrosis. There are eight different subtypes of HPS, each due to mutations in one of eight different genes, whose functions are thought to involve intracellular vesicle formation and trafficking. HPS has been identified in patients of nearly all ethnic groups, though it has primarily been associated with patients of Puerto Rican, Northern European, Japanese and Israeli descent. We report on the diagnosis of HPS type 1 in two African-American patients. Both brothers carried compound heterozygous mutations in HPS1: previously reported p.M325WfsX6 (c.972delC) and a novel silent mutation p.E169E (c.507G > A), which resulted in a splice defect. HPS may be under-diagnosed in African-American patients and other ethnic groups. A history of easy bruising or evidence of a bleeding disorder, combined with some degree of hypopigmentation, should prompt investigation into the diagnosis of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Merideth
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1851, USA.
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Complicated granulomatous colitis in a Japanese patient with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, successfully treated with infliximab. Clin J Gastroenterol 2009; 2:51-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-008-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Suzuki T, Tomita Y. Recent advances in genetic analyses of oculocutaneous albinism types 2 and 4. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 51:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Comprehensive analysis of oculocutaneous albinism among non-Hispanic caucasians shows that OCA1 is the most prevalent OCA type. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:2442-50. [PMID: 18463683 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by absent or reduced pigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. In humans, four genes have been associated with "classical" OCA and another 12 genes with syndromic forms of OCA. To assess the prevalence of different forms of OCA and different gene mutations among non-Hispanic Caucasian patients, we performed DNA sequence analysis of the four genes associated with "classical" OCA (TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, SLC45A2), the two principal genes associated with syndromic OCA (HPS1, HPS4), and a candidate OCA gene (SILV), in 121 unrelated, unselected non-Hispanic/Latino Caucasian patients carrying the clinical diagnosis of OCA. We identified apparent pathologic TYR gene mutations in 69% of patients, OCA2 mutations in 18%, SLC45A2 mutations in 6%, and no apparent pathological mutations in 7% of patients. We found no mutations of TYRP1, HPS1, HPS4, or SILV in any patients. Although we observed a diversity of mutations for each gene, a relatively small number of different mutant alleles account for a majority of the total. This study demonstrates that, contrary to long-held clinical lore, OCA1, not OCA2, is by far the most frequent cause of OCA among Caucasian patients.
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36
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Nazarian R, Huizing M, Helip-Wooley A, Starcevic M, Gahl WA, Dell'Angelica EC. An immunoblotting assay to facilitate the molecular diagnosis of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 93:134-44. [PMID: 17933573 PMCID: PMC2242292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) comprises a constellation of human autosomal recessive disorders characterized by albinism and platelet storage pool deficiency. At least eight types of HPS have been defined based on the identity of the mutated gene. These genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes, named Adaptor Protein (AP)-3 and Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex (BLOC)-1 through -3. In patients of Puerto Rican origin, the molecular diagnosis can be based on analysis of two founder mutations. On the other hand, identification of the HPS type in other patients relies on the sequencing of all candidate genes. In this work, we have developed a biochemical assay to minimize the number of candidate genes to be sequenced per patient. The assay consists of immunoblotting analysis of extracts prepared from skin fibroblasts, using antibodies to one subunit per protein complex. The assay allowed us to determine which complex was defective in each of a group of HPS patients with unknown genetic lesions, thus subsequent sequencing was limited to genes encoding the corresponding subunits. Because no mutations within the two genes encoding BLOC-3 subunits could be found in two patients displaying reduced BLOC-3 levels, the possible existence of additional subunits was considered. Through size-exclusion chromatography and sedimentation velocity analysis, the native molecular mass of BLOC-3 was estimated to be 140+/-30 kDa, a value most consistent with the idea that BLOC-3 is a HPS1HPS4 heterodimer (approximately 156 kDa) albeit not inconsistent with the putative existence of a relatively small third subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nazarian
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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37
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Abstract
The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a collection of related autosomal recessive disorders which are genetically heterogeneous. There are eight human HPS subtypes, characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet storage disease; prolonged bleeding, congenital neutropenia, pulmonary fibrosis, and granulomatous colitis can also occur. HPS is caused primarily by defects in intracellular protein trafficking that result in the dysfunction of intracellular organelles known as lysosome-related organelles. HPS gene products are all ubiquitously expressed and all associate in various multi-protein complexes, yet HPS has cell type-specific disease expression. Impairment of specialized secretory cells such as melanocytes, platelets, lung alveolar type II epithelial cells and cytotoxic T cells are observed in HPS. This review summarizes recent molecular, biochemical and cell biological analyses together with clinical studies that have led to the correlation of molecular pathology with clinical manifestations and led to insights into such diverse disease processes such as albinism, fibrosis, hemorrhage, and congenital neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center 190, University of California, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, USA.
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