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Pandilha J, de Toledo JJ, Barbosa LCF, Carvalho WD, de Sousa JC, Cardoso da Silva JM. Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12529. [PMID: 34917422 PMCID: PMC8643102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallery forests are important to the maintenance of a substantial portion of the biodiversity in neotropical savanna regions, but management guidelines specific to this forest type are limited. Here, we use birds as study group to assess if: (1) functional traits can predict the abundance and occupancy of forest species within a savanna landscape, (2) habitat structures influence the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of forest assemblages, and (3) less diverse gallery forest assemblages are a nested subset of more diverse assemblages living near continuous forests. Then, we propose strategies on how gallery forests can be managed to maintain their species assemblages amidst the fast expansion of human activities across tropical savanna landscapes. We studied 26 sites of gallery forests in an Amazonian savanna landscape and found that: (1) habitat specificity is the only functional trait that predicts species abundance and occupancy across a landscape; (2) phylogenetic diversity is negatively correlated with understory foliage density; (3) the percentage of forests and savannas around sites is positively correlated with both phylogenetic and functional diversity; (4) increasing human activities around gallery forest negatively influences taxonomic and functional diversity; and (5) forest bird assemblages are not distributed at random across the landscape but show a nested pattern caused by selective colonization mediated by habitat filtering. Our combined findings have three implications for the design of conservation strategies for gallery forest bird assemblages. First, maintaining the connectivity between gallery forests and adjacent continuous forests is essential because gallery forest bird assemblages are derived from continuous forest species assemblages. Second, because most species use the savanna matrix to move across the landscape, effectively managing the savanna matrices where gallery forests are embedded is as important to maintaining viable populations of forest bird species as managing the gallery forest themselves. Third, in savanna landscapes planned to be used for agriculture production, protecting gallery forests alone is not enough. Instead, gallery forests should be protected with surrounding savanna buffers to avoid the detrimental effects (edge effects and isolation) of human activities on their biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joandro Pandilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - José Júlio de Toledo
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | | | - William Douglas Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jackson Cleiton de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - José Maria Cardoso da Silva
- Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
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Mihailou H, Massaro M. An overview of the impacts of feral cattle, water buffalo and pigs on the savannas, wetlands and biota of northern Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helenna Mihailou
- School of Environmental Sciences Institute for Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales2640Australia
| | - Melanie Massaro
- School of Environmental Sciences Institute for Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales2640Australia
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Habitat selection by the black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata in human-disturbed landscapes. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646741800007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:There are several primate species with high risk of extinction in small forest fragments disturbed by human activities. However, some species exhibit high ecological plasticity, which allows them to persist in human-modified landscapes. The main goal of this study is to examine the relative roles of vegetation (mean distance among trees and mean canopy cover), human disturbance (distance to the road, distance to the fragment edge and edge type), and habitat spatial configuration (spatial autocorrelation index, category of quadrat – position within the fragment/fragment type) on the habitat selection of the black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata in forest patches. We selected forest patches near and away from roads/urban areas, in southern Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil. We used generalized linear mixed models to explain the presence of black-tufted marmoset in those patches. Our results show that black-tufted marmoset tend to occupy forest fragments closer to roads/urban areas, and consequently are under the influence of anthropic disturbance. In addition to the area delimited by these fragments, there is a preference for edge environments, where disturbances are exacerbated and the ecological conditions are suitable for exploitation by the black-tufted marmoset (supply of gum trees and reduced risk of competition). We suggest that a cross-habitat spillover by marmoset occur from forests to small habitat patches close to human-modified areas, such as those in proximity to roads and urban zones.
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Hingston AB, Jordan GJ, Wardlaw TJ, Baker SC. Bird assemblages in Tasmanian clearcuts are influenced by the age of eucalypt regeneration but not by distance from mature forest. Glob Ecol Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Goulart FF, Salles P, Machado RB. How may agricultural matrix intensification affect understory birds in an Atlantic Forest landscape? A qualitative model on stochasticity and immigration. ECOL INFORM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Deikumah JP, McAlpine CA, Maron M. Matrix intensification alters avian functional group composition in adjacent rainforest fragments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74852. [PMID: 24058634 PMCID: PMC3772896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of farmland land-use matrices to surface mining is an increasing threat to the habitat quality of forest remnants and their constituent biota, with consequences for ecosystem functionality. We evaluated the effects of matrix type on bird community composition and the abundance and evenness within avian functional groups in south-west Ghana. We hypothesized that surface mining near remnants may result in a shift in functional composition of avifaunal communities, potentially disrupting ecological processes within tropical forest ecosystems. Matrix intensification and proximity to the remnant edge strongly influenced the abundance of members of several functional guilds. Obligate frugivores, strict terrestrial insectivores, lower and upper strata birds, and insect gleaners were most negatively affected by adjacent mining matrices, suggesting certain ecosystem processes such as seed dispersal may be disrupted by landscape change in this region. Evenness of these functional guilds was also lower in remnants adjacent to surface mining, regardless of the distance from remnant edge, with the exception of strict terrestrial insectivores. These shifts suggest matrix intensification can influence avian functional group composition and related ecosystem-level processes in adjacent forest remnants. The management of matrix habitat quality near and within mine concessions is important for improving efforts to preserveavian biodiversity in landscapes undergoing intensification such as through increased surface mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus P. Deikumah
- Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Clive A. McAlpine
- Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martine Maron
- Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tscharntke T, Tylianakis JM, Rand TA, Didham RK, Fahrig L, Batáry P, Bengtsson J, Clough Y, Crist TO, Dormann CF, Ewers RM, Fründ J, Holt RD, Holzschuh A, Klein AM, Kleijn D, Kremen C, Landis DA, Laurance W, Lindenmayer D, Scherber C, Sodhi N, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C, van der Putten WH, Westphal C. Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012; 87:661-85. [PMID: 22272640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Zurita GA, Bellocq MI. Bird Assemblages in Anthropogenic Habitats: Identifying a Suitability Gradient for Native Species in the Atlantic Forest. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria I. Bellocq
- CONICET; Departamento de Ecología; Genética y Evolución; FCEN; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pab. 2, Piso 4, (C1428EHA); Buenos Aires; Argentina
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Barton PS, Manning AD, Gibb H, Wood JT, Lindenmayer DB, Cunningham SA. Experimental reduction of native vertebrate grazing and addition of logs benefit beetle diversity at multiple scales. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BRADY MEGANJ, MCALPINE CLIVEA, MILLER CRAIGJ, POSSINGHAM HUGHP, BAXTER GREGS. Mammal responses to matrix development intensity. AUSTRAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zamora R, Hódar JA, Matías L, Mendoza I. Positive adjacency effects mediated by seed disperser birds in pine plantations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 20:1053-60. [PMID: 20597289 DOI: 10.1890/09-0055.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the consequences of adjacent elements for a given patch, through their effects on zoochorous dispersion by frugivorous birds. The case study consists of pine plantations (the focal patch) adjacent to other patches of native vegetation (mixed patches of native forest and shrublands), and/or pine plantations. Our hypothesis is that input of native woody species propagules generated by frugivorous birds within plantations strongly depends on the nature of the surrounding vegetation. To test this hypothesis, we studied frugivorous-bird abundance, seed dispersion, and seedling establishment in nine pine plantation plots in contact with patches of native vegetation. To quantify adjacency arrangement effects, we used the percentage of common border between a patch and each of its adjacent elements. Frugivorous bird occurrence in pine plantations is influenced by the adjacent vegetation: the greater the contact with native vegetation patches, the more abundant were the frugivorous birds within pine plantations. Furthermore, frugivorous birds introduce into plantations the seeds of a large sample of native fleshy-fruited species. The results confirm the hypothesis that zoochorous seed rain is strongly determined by the kind of vegetation surrounding a given plantation. This finding underlines the importance of the composition of the mosaic surrounding plantations and the availability of mobile link species as key landscape features conditioning passive restoration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regino Zamora
- Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
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Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Zipkin EF, Dhondt AA. Occupancy dynamics in a tropical bird community: unexpectedly high forest use by birds classified as non-forest species. J Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The influence of Carpathian landscape scale on spider communities. ARCH BIOL SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1004231u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluate the effect of traditional land use and landscape
change on the spider communities in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. Three
sampling areas were selected along a gradient of mountain landscape within
the boundaries of the Olt river and the mountain zone from the Eastern
Carpathian region: forests, semi-natural habitats and extensively used
agricultural areas. Spider communities differed according to land use. The
highest species diversity was found in clearcut and orchards, whereas forest
habitats have less species richness and abundance.
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Tubelis DP. Veredas and their use by birds in the Cerrado, South America: a review. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032009000300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the Cerrado, veredas are linear physiognomies that occur on hydromorphic soil usually along narrow water courses. They often growth on flat terrain or near headwaters. They are characterised by the abundance of buriti palms (Mauritia flexuosa) that growth over other trees, numerous shrubs and a dense herbaceous stratum. Despite being common landscape elements through the Cerrado's extension, the use of veredas by birds has not been examined in detail. This study aimed to review studies of birds and veredas in the Cerrado. Publications (n = 25) reported the use of veredas by 261 bird species. Only 13 of them had aspects of their biology (reproduction and feeding) studied in detail. Veredas are poorly used by Cerrado's endemic species, but are the major habitat requirement of several species. The richness of bird species found in veredas is increased by their inclusion in the home range of forest, savanna and grassland species. This study also discusses the values of veredas to the regional biodiversity, and the major threats to their conservation inside and outside the system of nature reserves. Suggestions for future research on birds and veredas in Cerrado also are provided.
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Lindenmayer DB, Cunningham RB, MacGregor C, Crane M, Michael D, Fischer J, Montague-Drake R, Felton A, Manning A. TEMPORAL CHANGES IN VERTEBRATES DURING LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION: A LARGE-SCALE “NATURAL EXPERIMENT”. ECOL MONOGR 2008. [DOI: 10.1890/07-0945.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Stouffer PC, Bierregaard RO, Strong C, Lovejoy TE. Long-term landscape change and bird abundance in Amazonian rainforest fragments. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2006; 20:1212-23. [PMID: 16922237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The rainforests of the Amazon basin are being cut by humans at a rate >20,000 km2/year leading to smaller and more isolated patches of forest, with remaining fragments often in the range of 1-100 ha. We analyzed samples of understory birds collected over 20 years from a standardized mist-netting program in 1- to 100-ha rainforest fragments in a dynamic Amazonian landscape near Manaus, Brazil. Across bird guilds, the condition of second growth immediately surrounding fragments was often as important as fragment size or local forest cover in explaining variation in abundance. Some fragments surrounded by 100 m of open pasture showed reductions in insectivorous bird abundance of over 95%, even in landscapes dominated by continuous forest and old second growth. These extreme reductions may be typical throughout Amazonia in small (< or =10 ha), isolated fragments of rainforest. Abundance for some guilds returned to preisolation levels in 10- and 100-ha fragments connected to continuous forest by 20-year-old second growth. Our results show that the consequences of Amazonian forest loss cannot be accurately described without explicit consideration of vegetation dynamics in matrix habitat. Any dichotomous classification of the landscape into 'forest" and "nonforest" misses essential information about the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Stouffer
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CP 478, Manaus, AM 69011-0970, Brazil.
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Betts MG, Forbes GJ, Diamond AW, Taylor PD. Independent effects of fragmentation on forest songbirds: an organism-based approach. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2006; 16:1076-89. [PMID: 16827004 DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1076:ieofof]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which spatial patterns influence the dynamics and distribution of populations is a central question in ecology. This question is even more pressing in the context of rapid habitat loss and fragmentation, which threaten global biodiversity. However, the relative influence of habitat loss and landscape fragmentation, the spatial patterning of remaining habitat, remains unclear. If landscape pattern affects population size, managers may be able to design landscapes that mitigate habitat loss. We present the results of a mensurative experiment designed to test four habitat loss vs. fragmentation hypotheses. Unlike previous studies, we measured landscape structure using quantitative, spatially explicit habitat distribution models previously developed for two species: Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). We used a stratified sampling design that reduced the confounding of habitat amount and fragmentation variables. Occurrence and reoccurrence of both species were strongly influenced by characteristics at scales greater than the individual territory, indicating little support for the random-sample hypothesis. However, the type and spatial extent of landscape influence differed. Both occurrence and reoccurrence of Blackburnian Warblers were influenced by the amount of poor-quality matrix at 300- and 2000-m spatial extents. The occurrence and reoccurrence of Ovenbirds depended on a landscape pattern variable, patch size, but only in cases when patches were isolated. These results support the hypothesis that landscape pattern is important for some species only when the amount of suitable habitat is low. Although theoretical models have predicted such an interaction between landscape fragmentation and composition, to our knowledge this is the first study to report empirical evidence of such nonlinear fragmentation effects. Defining landscapes quantitatively from an organism-based perspective may increase power to detect fragmentation effects, particularly in forest mosaics where boundaries between patches and matrix are ambiguous. Our results indicate that manipulating landscape pattern may reduce negative impacts of habitat loss for Ovenbird, but not Blackburnian Warbler. We emphasize that most variance in the occurrence of both species was explained by local scale or landscape composition variables rather than variables reflecting landscape pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Betts
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 1350 Regent St., Fredericton, New Brunswick E3C 2G6, Canada
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DONALD PAULF, EVANS ANDYD. Habitat connectivity and matrix restoration: the wider implications of agri-environment schemes. J Appl Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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