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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard D Goldstein
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Dorevitch S, Panthi S, Huang Y, Li H, Michalek AM, Pratap P, Wroblewski M, Liu L, Scheff PA, Li A. Water ingestion during water recreation. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:2020-8. [PMID: 21227479 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative risk assessments have estimated health risks of water recreation. One input to risk assessment models is the rate of water ingestion. One published study estimated rates of water ingestion during swimming, but estimates of water ingestion are not available for common limited contact water recreation activities such as canoeing, fishing, kayaking, motor boating, and rowing. In the summer of 2009 two related studies were conducted to estimate water ingestion during these activities. First, at Chicago area surface waters, survey research methods were utilized to characterize self-reported estimates of water ingestion during canoeing, kayaking, and fishing among 2705 people. Second, at outdoor swimming pools, survey research methods and the analysis of cyanuric acid, a tracer of swimming pool water, were used to characterize water ingestion among 662 people who engaged in a variety of full-contact and limited-contact recreational activities. Data from the swimming study was used to derive translation factors that quantify the volume of self-reported estimates. At surface waters, less than 2% of canoers and kayakers reported swallowing a teaspoon or more and 0.5% reported swallowing a mouthful or more. Swimmers in a pool were about 25-50 times more likely to report swallowing a teaspoon of water compared to those who participate in limited-contact recreational activities on surface waters. Mean and upper confidence estimates of water ingestion during limited-contact recreation on surface waters are about 3-4 mL and 10-15 mL, respectively. These estimates of water ingestion rates may be useful in modeling the health risks of water recreation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dorevitch
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 2121 W. Taylor, M/C 922, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Aguilera F, Méndez J, Pásaro E, Laffon B. Review on the effects of exposure to spilled oils on human health. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:291-301. [PMID: 20499335 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmful effects of oil spills on diverse flora and fauna species have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, only a few studies have been compiled in the literature dealing with the repercussions of oil exposure on human health; most of them have focused on acute effects and psychological symptoms. The objective of this work was to gather all these studies and to analyze the possible consequences of this kind of complex exposure in the different aspects of human health. Studies found on this topic were related to the disasters of the Exxon Valdez, Braer, Sea Empress, Nakhodka, Erika, Prestige and Tasman Spirit oil tankers. The majority of them were cross-sectional; many did not include control groups. Acute effects were evaluated taking into account vegetative-nervous symptoms, skin and mucous irritations, and also psychological effects. Genotoxic damage and endocrine alterations were assessed only in individuals exposed to oil from Prestige. The results of the reviewed articles clearly support the need for biomonitoring human populations exposed to spilled oils, especially those individuals involved in the cleanup, in order to evaluate not only the possible immediate consequences for their health but also the medium- and long-term effects, and the effectiveness of the protective devices used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguilera
- Unidad de Toxicología, Dpto. Psicobiología, Universidad de A Coruña, España
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Filipsson M, Lindström M, Peltola P, Oberg T. Exposure to contaminated sediments during recreational activities at a public bathing place. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 171:200-207. [PMID: 19556058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
More and more time is spent on recreational activities, but few risk assessments focus specifically on these situations and exposure factor data are often scarce. To assess exposure to contaminants at a public bathing place in an urban environment, we have compiled literature data, conducted observation studies, and analyzed water and sediment samples. The levels of anthropogenic contaminants are high in urban environments and traffic frequently plays an important role. In this study, to characterize variability and uncertainty, the deterministic exposure calculations for metal pollutants were supplemented by a probability bounds analysis for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The results from these calculations show that oral intake is the major exposure route for metals, while skin absorption, with present assumptions, is more important for the PAH. The presently measured levels of contaminants, at this public bathing place, cannot be anticipated to cause any significant adverse influence on public health. This assessment methodology is easy to adapt and can be used routinely in other situations with more heavily contaminated surface sediments and lake water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Filipsson
- School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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Kim BM, Park EK, LeeAn SY, Ha M, Kim EJ, Kwon H, Hong YC, Jeong WC, Hur J, Cheong HK, Yi J, Kim JH, Lee BE, Seo JH, Chang MH, Ha EH. BTEX Exposure and its Health Effects in Pregnant Women Following the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill. J Prev Med Public Health 2009; 42:96-103. [DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, BK21 Research Division for Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea
| | - Eun kyo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, BK21 Research Division for Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea
| | | | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University Medical College and Research Institute of Children's Health and Environment, Dankook Medical Center, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University Medical College and Research Institute of Children's Health and Environment, Dankook Medical Center, Korea
| | - Hojang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University Medical College and Research Institute of Children's Health and Environment, Dankook Medical Center, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Woo-Chul Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University Medical College and Research Institute of Children's Health and Environment, Dankook Medical Center, Korea
- Taean Institute of Environmental Health, Korea
| | - Jongil Hur
- Taean Institute of Environmental Health, Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Jongheop Yi
- School of chemical, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Kim
- School of chemical, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, BK21 Research Division for Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, BK21 Research Division for Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, BK21 Research Division for Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, BK21 Research Division for Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea
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Ha M, Lee WJ, Lee S, Cheong HK. A Literature Review on Health Effects of Exposure to Oil Spill. J Prev Med Public Health 2008; 41:345-54. [DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.5.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- CitizenKs Institute of Environmental Studies, Korean Federation for Environmental Movement, Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
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Shoaf MB, Shirai JH, Kedan G, Schaum J, Kissel JC. Child dermal sediment loads following play in a tide flat. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2005; 15:407-12. [PMID: 15674320 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Dermal contact with sediment is sometimes identified as a pathway of concern in risk assessments. Dermal exposure to sediment is poorly characterized and exposure assessors may rely on default soil adherence values. The purpose of this study was to obtain sediment adherence data for a genuine exposure scenario, child play in a tide flat. This study reports direct measurements of sediment loadings on five body parts (face, forearms, hands, lower legs and feet) after play in a tide flat. Each of nine subjects participated in two timed sessions and pre- and post-activity sediment loading data were collected. Geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) dermal loadings (mg/cm(2)) on the face, forearm, hands, lower legs and feet for the combined sessions were 0.04 (2.9), 0.17 (3.1), 0.49 (8.2), 0.70 (3.6) and 21 (1.9), respectively. Participants' parents completed questionnaires regarding their child's typical activity patterns during tide flat play, exposure frequency and duration, clothing choices, bathing practices and clothes laundering. Data presented in this paper supplement very limited prior adherence data for sediment contact scenarios. Results will be useful to risk assessors considering exposure scenarios involving child activities at a coastal shoreline or tide flat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marley B Shoaf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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