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Liu L, Zhong L, Zhao Y, Chen M, Yao S, Li L, Xiao C, Shan Z, Gan L, Xu T, Liu B. Effects of lapatinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NB4 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:235-242. [PMID: 29387217 PMCID: PMC5768102 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), characterized by the presence of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid α receptor (RARα) fusion protein, responds to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). However, drug resistance and side effects restrict the application of these reagents. Hence, the development of novel therapeutic drugs for APL treatment is critical. Lapatinib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been used in the treatment of different tumors. However, it is unclear whether lapatinib exerts antitumor effects on APL. The present study investigated the antitumor effects and potential mechanisms of lapatinib on NB4 cells derived from APL. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony forming analysis indicated that lapatinib inhibited NB4 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lapatinib induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Liu's staining and Hoechst 33258 staining revelaed that lapatinib treatment induced an apoptotic nuclear phenomenon. Furthermore, lapatinib induced apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2 and PML-RARα levels, and by increasing the levels of Bax, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. In addition, lapatinib increased the levels of phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-JNK, and decreased the levels of phospho-Akt. The p38 inhibitor PD169316 partially blocked lapatinib-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, whereas the JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no such effects. Therefore, treatment with lapatinib may be a promising strategy for APL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Shifei Yao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Lianwen Li
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Xiao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Shan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liugen Gan
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Chen M, Zhong L, Yao SF, Zhao Y, Liu L, Li LW, Xu T, Gan LG, Xiao CL, Shan ZL, Liu BZ. Verteporfin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukemia NB4 Cells without Light Activation. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1031-1039. [PMID: 28924376 PMCID: PMC5599928 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Verteporfin (VP), clinically used in photodynamic therapy for neovascular macular degeneration, has recently been proven a suppressor of yes-associated protein (YAP) and has shown potential in anticancer treatment. However, its anti-human leukemia effects in NB4 cells remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of VP on proliferation and apoptosis in human leukemia NB4 cells. Methods: NB4 cells were treated with VP for 24 h. The effects of VP on cell proliferation were determined using a Cell-Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8) assay and colony forming assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). The protein levels were detected by western blot. Results: We found that VP inhibited the proliferation of NB4 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. FCM analysis showed that VP induced apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner and that VP treatment led to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Moreover, VP significantly decreased the protein expression of YAP, p-YAP, Survivin, c-Myc, cyclinD1, p-ERK, and p-AKT. In addition, VP increased the protein expression of cleaved caspase3, cleaved PARP, Bax, and p-p38 MAPK. Conclusions: VP inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in NB4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shi-Fei Yao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lian-Wen Li
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liu-Gen Gan
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chun-Lan Xiao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Shan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Xu T, Zhong L, Gan LG, Xiao CL, Shan ZL, Yang R, Song H, Li L, Liu BZ. Effects of LG268 on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of NB4 Cells. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:517-23. [PMID: 27429588 PMCID: PMC4946122 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of LG100268 (LG268) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NB4 cells. METHODS NB4 cells were treated with LG268 for 24 h or 48 h. The effect of LG268 on cell proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 assay and colony-forming assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Survivin, PARP, c-Myc, cyclin D1, ERK, p-ERK, p38 MAPK, and p- p38 MAPK were detected by western blot. RESULTS We found that LG268 inhibited the proliferation of NB4 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that LG268 accelerated apoptosis in NB4 cells in a time- dependent manner and that LG268 treatment led to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Moreover, LG268 significantly decreased the protein levels of Survivin, c-Myc, and cyclinD1. Cleaved PARP was observed in the LG268 treatment group but not in the control group. In addition, LG268 increased the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK and decreased the phosphorylation level of ERK. CONCLUSIONS LG268 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in NB4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liu-Gen Gan
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chun-Lan Xiao
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Shan
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Yang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hao Song
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liu Li
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Li L, Song H, Zhong L, Yang R, Yang XQ, Jiang KL, Liu BZ. Lithium Chloride Promotes Apoptosis in Human Leukemia NB4 Cells by Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:805-10. [PMID: 26516309 PMCID: PMC4615241 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). With the application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), APL becomes one of best prognosis of leukemia. However, ATRA and ATO are not effective against all APLs. Therefore, a new strategy for APL treatment is necessary. Here, we investigated whether lithium chloride (LiCl), a drug used for the treatment of mental illness, could promote apoptosis in human leukemia NB4 cells. We observed that treatment with LiCl significantly accelerated apoptosis in NB4 cells and led to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Moreover, LiCl significantly increased the level of Ser9-phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β(p-GSK-3β), and decreased the level of Akt1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, LiCl inhibition of c-Myc also enhanced cell death with a concomitant increase in β-catnin. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that LiCl promoted apoptosis in NB4 cells through the Akt signaling pathway and that G2/M phase arrest was induced by increase of p-GSK-3β(S9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Li
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China. ; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Song
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Yang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Yang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai-Ling Jiang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China. ; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Differentiation syndrome in promyelocytic leukemia: clinical presentation, pathogenesis and treatment. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2011; 3:e2011048. [PMID: 22110898 PMCID: PMC3219650 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2011.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation syndrome (DS) represents a life-threatening complication in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) undergoing induction therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide (ATO). It affected about 20–25% of all patients and so far there are no definitive diagnostic criteria. Clinically, DS is characterized by weight gain, fever not attributable to infection, respiratory distress, cardiac involvement, hypotension, and/or acute renal failure. At the histological point of view, there is an extensive interstitial and intra-alveolar pulmonary infiltration by maturing myeloid cells, endothelial cell damage, intra-alveolar edema, inter-alveolar hemorrhage, and fibrinous exsudates. DS pathogenesis is not completely understood, but it is believed that an excessive inflammatory response is the main phenomenon involved, which results in increased production of chemokines and expression of adhesion molecules on APL cells. Due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with DS, its recognition and the prompt initiation of the treatment is of utmost importance. Dexamethasone is considered the mainstay of treatment of DS, and the recommended dose is 10 mg twice daily by intravenous route until resolution of DS. In severe cases (respiratory or acute renal failure) it is recommended the discontinuation of ATRA or ATO until recovery.
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Luesink M, Jansen JH. Advances in understanding the pulmonary infiltration in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2010; 151:209-20. [PMID: 20735400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), differentiation therapy can be complicated by the development of a differentiation syndrome (DS). Pulmonary infiltration of differentiating leukaemic cells is a key event in the development of DS. Several mediators have been identified that may promote migration and extravasation of differentiating APL cells from the bloodstream into the tissue. Adhesion of APL cells to each other and to the endothelium is induced by upregulation of the expression of adhesion molecules and constitutively active β2-integrins during differentiation therapy. The expression of chemokines and their receptors is significantly upregulated as well. Pulmonary chemokine production can trigger transendothelial migration of differentiating APL cells from the bloodstream into the underlying tissue (initiation phase of DS). Massive production of chemokines by infiltrated APL cells can further enhance transendothelial migration of differentiating APL cells, causing an uncontrollable hyperinflammatory reaction in the lung (aggravation phase), which is not efficiently switched-off by corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Luesink
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) is an unpredictable but frequent complication which may develop after administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) most commonly in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). In this review, we describe the incidence, predictive factors, clinical course, outcome and treatment of RAS in patients with APL treated with ATRA. The incidence of RAS in patients receiving ATRA is about 14-16%, with an associated mortality of about 2%. Initial high white blood cell (WBC) count, rapidly increasing WBC count and/or the presence of the CD 13 expression on leukaemic cells may help in identifying patients likely to develop RAS. Concurrent chemotherapy will probably decrease the risk of developing RAS but often exacerbates bleeding, leading to leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis. Prophylactic steroids are not recommended but prompt administration of steroids at the first sign of unexplained dyspnea, fever, weight gain or pulmonary infiltrate, is critical. Liposomal ATRA is being investigated to induce haematological cure in APL without chemotherapy and to reduce the incidence of RAS but further validation of its usefulness is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Patatanian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73103, USA.
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