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Alekseenko IV, Kuz'min DV, Pleshkan VV, Zinov'eva MV, Sverdlov ED. [Cytotoxicity of cytosine deaminase and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes in melanoma cells is independent on promoter strength]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 39:745-8. [PMID: 25696936 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162013060010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In preparation of the therapeutic genetic constructs aimed to the gene-programmed enzymatic transformation of the non-toxic prodrug into toxin within cancer cells the right choice of regulatory elements (promoters and enhancers) is essential. This is widely accepted that the efficiency of the gene therapy constructions is dependent, in particular, on the strength of promoters driving the expression of the therapeutic genes. In this work we demonstrated, using the melanoma-specific promoters and enhancers of human melanoma inhibitory activity and mouse tyrosinase gene, that for the development of cytotoxic effect the promoter strength is not of primary importance. In the case of HSVtk, coding for the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, and FCU1, coding for cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase hybrid protein genes, their cytotoxic activity was determined by the quantity of the added prodrug.
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Kuzmich AI, Kopantsev EP, Vinogradova TV, Sverdlov ED. Comparative activity of several promoters in driving NIS expression in melanoma cells. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Durymanov MO, Slastnikova TA, Kuzmich AI, Khramtsov YV, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Egorov SY, Sverdlov ED, Sobolev AS. Microdistribution of MC1R-targeted polyplexes in murine melanoma tumor tissue. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10209-16. [PMID: 24075405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene transfer can be considered as a promising approach for diagnostics of specific types of cancer. For this purpose we used targeted polyplexes based on PEI-PEG-MC1SP block-copolymer containing MC1SP-peptide, a ligand specific for melanocortin receptor-1 (MC1R) overexpressed on melanoma cells. Targeted polyplexes demonstrated enhanced NIS gene transfer compared to non-targeted (lacking MC1SP) ones in vitro. Using dorsal skinfold chamber and intravital microscopy we evaluated accumulation and microdistribution of quantum dot-labeled polyplexes in tumor and normal subcutaneous tissues up to 4 h after intravenous injection. Polyplexes demonstrated significantly higher total accumulation in tumor tissue in comparison with subcutaneous ones (control). Targeted and non-targeted polyplexes extravasated and penetrated into the tumor tissue up to 20 μm from the vessel walls. In contrast, in normal subcutaneous tissue polyplexes penetrated not more than 3 μm from the vessel walls with the level of extravasated polyplexes 400-fold less than in tumor. Accumulated polyplexes in tumor tissue caused NIS gene expression. Subsequent (123)I(-) intravenous injection resulted in 6.8 ± 1.1 and 4.5 ± 0.8% ID/g (p < 0.001) iodide accumulation in tumors in the case of targeted and non-targeted polyplexes, respectively, as was shown using SPECT/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Durymanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5, Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Chen CH, Liu YK, Lin YL, Chuang HY, Hsu WT, Chiu YH, Cheng TL, Liao KW. A rapid and convenient method to enhance transgenic expression in target cells. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 42:448-61. [PMID: 22897767 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2011.644013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy provides a novel strategy and a new hope for patients with cancer. Unfortunately, the specifics of the delivery systems or the promoters have not achieved the specified efficacy so far, and the perfection of either system will be extremely difficult. In this study, we introduce a simple concept that a combination of a partially specific delivery system and a partially specific promoter activity may achieve a more specific effect on transgenic expression in target cells. The first section describes tumor-related transcription factors that were assayed in tumors or rapidly proliferating cells to determine their activities. The activities of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, CREB, and HIF-1 were higher, and three copies of each response element were used to construct a transcription factor-based synthetic promoter (TSP). The results showed that the expression of the TSP was active and partially specific to cell types. As described in the second section, the multifunctional peptide RGD-4C-HA was designed to absorb polyethyleneimine (PEI) molecules, and this complex was targeted to integrin αvβ3 on B16F10 cells. The results indicated that RGD-4C-HA could associate with PEI to mediate specific targeting in vitro. Finally, the combination of the PEI-peptide complex and TSP could enhance the specifically transgenic expression in B16F10 cells. This strategy has been proven to work in vitro and might potentially be used for specific gene therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Eukaryotic expression vectors bearing genes encoding cytotoxic proteins for cancer gene therapy. Plasmid 2012; 68:69-85. [PMID: 22613563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy is a promising direction for the treatment of cancer patients. A primary goal of all cancer therapies is to selectively target and kill tumour cells. Such therapies are administered via different approaches, including both viral and non-viral delivery; however, both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Transcriptional targeting enables genes encoding toxic proteins to be expressed directly in cancer cells. Numerous vectors have been created with the purpose of killing cancer cells, and some have successfully suppressed malignant tumours. Data concerning the function of vectors bearing genes that encode cytotoxic proteins under the control of different promoters, including tissue/tumour specific and constitutive promoters, is summarised here. This review focuses on vectors that bear genes encoding diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin A, caspases, gef, streptolysin, and melittin. Data describing the efficacy of such vectors have been summarised. Notably, there are vectors that killed cancer cell lines originating from the same type of cancer with differential efficiency. Thus, there is differential inhibition of cancer cell growth dependent on the cell line. In this review, the constructs employing genes whose expression induces cell death and the efficiency with which they suppress cancer cell growth will be summarised.
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Pleshkan VV, Zinovyeva MV, Sverdlov ED. Melanoma: Surface markers as the first point of targeted delivery of therapeutic genes in multilevel gene therapy. Mol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893311030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Toxin-based therapeutic approaches. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2519-83. [PMID: 22069564 PMCID: PMC3153180 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein toxins confer a defense against predation/grazing or a superior pathogenic competence upon the producing organism. Such toxins have been perfected through evolution in poisonous animals/plants and pathogenic bacteria. Over the past five decades, a lot of effort has been invested in studying their mechanism of action, the way they contribute to pathogenicity and in the development of antidotes that neutralize their action. In parallel, many research groups turned to explore the pharmaceutical potential of such toxins when they are used to efficiently impair essential cellular processes and/or damage the integrity of their target cells. The following review summarizes major advances in the field of toxin based therapeutics and offers a comprehensive description of the mode of action of each applied toxin.
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Fontecedro AC, Lutschg V, Eichhoff O, Dummer R, Greber UF, Hemmi S. Analysis of adenovirus trans-complementation-mediated gene expression controlled by melanoma-specific TETP promoter in vitro. Virol J 2010; 7:175. [PMID: 20670430 PMCID: PMC2920257 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses (Ads) have substantial potential for clinical applications in cancer patients. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) include oncolytic adenoviruses in which expression of the immediate early viral transactivator protein E1A is controlled by a cancer cell-selective promoter. To enhance efficacy, CRAds are further armed to contain therapeutic genes. Due to size constraints of the capsid geometry, the capacity for packaging transgenes into Ads is, however, limited. To overcome this limitation, the employment of E1A-deleted replication-deficient viruses carrying therapeutic genes in combination with replication-competent CRAd vectors expressing E1A in trans has been proposed. Most trans-complementing studies involved transgene expressions from strong ubiquitous promoters, and thereby relied entirely on the cancer cell specificity of the CRAd vector. RESULTS Here we tested the trans-complementation of a CRAd and a replication-deficient transgene vector containing the same cancer cell-selective promoter. Hereto, we generated two new vectors expressing IL-2 and CD40L from a bicistronic expression cassette under the control of the melanoma/melanocyte-specific tyrosinase enhancer tyrosinase promoter (TETP), which we previously described for the melanoma-specific CRAd vector AdDeltaEP-TETP. These vectors gave rise to tightly controlled melanoma-specific transgene expression levels, which were only 5 to 40-fold lower than those from vectors controlled by the nonselective CMV promoter. Reporter analyses using Ad-CMV-eGFP in combination with AdDeltaEP-TETP revealed a high level of trans-complementation in melanoma cells (up to about 30-fold), but not in non-melanoma cells, unlike the AdCMV-eGFP/wtAd5 binary vector system, which was equally efficient in melanoma and non-melanoma cells. Similar findings were obtained when replacing the transgene vector AdCMV-eGFP with AdCMV-IL-2 or AdCMV-CD40L. However, the combination of the novel AdTETP-CD40L/IL-2 vector with AdDeltaEP-TETP or wtAd5 gave reproducible moderate 3-fold enhancements of IL-2 by trans-complementation only. CONCLUSIONS The cancer cell-selective TETP tested here did not give the expected enforceable transgene expression typically achieved in the Ad trans-complementing system. Reasons for this could include virus-mediated down regulation of limiting transcription factors, and/or competition for such factors by different promoters. Whether this finding is unique to the particular promoter system tested here, or also occurs with other promoters warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Curioni Fontecedro
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Verena Lutschg
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Zürich PhD Program in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ossia Eichhoff
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F Greber
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Fecker LF, Schmude M, Jost S, Hossini AM, Picó AH, Wang X, Schwarz C, Fechner H, Eberle J. Efficient and selective tumor cell lysis and induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by a conditional replication-competent CD95L adenovirus. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:e56-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ogawa R, Lee SI, Kagiya G, Hirano H, Fukuda S, Kondo T, Kodaki T. Construction of X-ray-inducible promoters through cis-acting element elongation and error-prone polymerase chain reaction. J Gene Med 2008; 10:316-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Lopez MV, Blanco P, Viale DL, Cafferata EG, Carbone C, Gould D, Chernajovsky Y, Podhajcer OL. Expression of a suicidal gene under control of the human secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) promoter in tumor or stromal cells led to the inhibition of tumor cell growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 5:2503-11. [PMID: 17041094 PMCID: PMC2747019 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The successful use of transcriptional targeting for cancer therapy depends on the activity of a given promoter inside the malignant cell. Because solid human tumors evolve as a "cross-talk" between the different cell types within the tumor, we hypothesized that targeting the entire tumor mass might have better therapeutic effect. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein overexpressed in different human cancers malignant melanomas both in the malignant cells compartment as in the stromal one (fibroblasts and endothelial cells). We have shown that expression of the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (TK) gene driven by the SPARC promoter in combination with ganciclovir inhibited human melanoma cell growth in monolayer as well as in multicellular spheroids. This inhibitory effect was observed both in homotypic spheroids composed of melanoma cells alone as well as in spheroids made of melanoma cells and stromal cells. Expression of the TK gene was also efficient to inhibit the in vivo tumor growth of established melanomas when TK was expressed either by the malignant cells themselves or by coadministered endothelial cells. Our data suggest that the use of therapeutic genes driven by SPARC promoter could be a valuable strategy for cancer therapy aiming to target all the cellular components of the tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V. Lopez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Leloir Institute-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Blanco
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Leloir Institute-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego L. Viale
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Leloir Institute-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo G. Cafferata
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Leloir Institute-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica (Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Carlos G. Malbrán), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Carbone
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - David Gould
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Barts and the London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuti Chernajovsky
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Barts and the London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Osvaldo L. Podhajcer
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Leloir Institute-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fecker LF, Geilen CC, Hossini AM, Schwarz C, Fechner H, Bartlett DL, Orfanos CE, Eberle J. Selective induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by tyrosinase promoter-controlled CD95 ligand overexpression. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:221-8. [PMID: 15654977 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis has been demonstrated previously by overexpression of CD95 ligand (CD95L) in cultured human melanoma cells. For in vivo approaches based on CD95L, however, targeted expression is a prerequisite and tyrosinase promoters have been considered for selection. Luciferase reporter gene assays performed for a representative panel of melanoma cell lines characterized by strong (SK-Mel-19), moderate (SK-Mel-13, MeWo), weak (A-375), and missing expression (M-5) of endogenous tyrosinase revealed high tyrosinase promoter activities in SK-Mel-19, SK-Mel-13, and MeWo, but only weak activities in A-375 and M-5 as well as in non-melanoma cell lines. After transfection of a CMV promoter CD95L expression construct, melanoma cells were found highly sensitive, as compared with non-melanoma cells. By applying a tyrosinase promoter CD95L construct, apoptosis was selectively induced in SK-Mel-19, SK-Mel-13, MeWo as well as in A-375, which was characterized by high CD95 surface expression and high sensitivity to agonistic CD95 activation. M5 and non-melanoma cell lines remained uninfluenced. Also, resistance to agonistic CD95 activation seen in MeWo characterized by weak CD95 surface expression was overcome by overexpression of CD95L. Our investigations provide evidence that tyrosinase promoter CD95L constructs may be of value for selective induction of apoptosis in therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar F Fecker
- Department of Dermatology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Schoensiegel F, Paschen A, Sieger S, Eskerski H, Mier W, Rothfels H, Kleinschmidt J, Schadendorf D, Haberkorn U. MIA (melanoma inhibitory activity) promoter mediated tissue-specific suicide gene therapy of malignant melanoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 11:408-18. [PMID: 15118759 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy of malignant melanoma essentially requires efficient gene transfer and highly selective therapeutic gene expression. To achieve this, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) particles were constructed containing the tissue-specific promoter of the human melanoma inhibitory activity (hMIA) gene combined with four copies of the enhancer element of the murine tyrosinase gene. Three melanoma and one cervix carcinoma cell line were infected with rAAV particles carrying a reporter gene under control of the enhancer/hMIA promoter in order to determine transcriptional activity and specificity of this system. Viral particles containing the enhancer/hMIA promoter mediated reporter gene activity only in melanoma cells, whereas infection with a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based promoter construct induced unspecific gene expression. Correspondingly, transient transduction with viral particles bearing the HSVtk gene under the control of the enhancer/MIA promoter elements followed by treatment with ganciclovir (GCV) resulted in growth inhibition only in melanoma cells, whereas the CMV promoter-based construct induced unspecific cytotoxicity. In vivo experiments in nude mice demonstrated that tumors originating from human melanoma cells disappeared after stable, but not transient transduction with vectors bearing the HSVtk gene under the control of the enhancer/hMIA promoter in response to GCV application. In face of higher transduction efficiency, these rAAV particles might therefore be a useful tool for suicide gene therapy of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schoensiegel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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