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Lioret V, Bellaye PS, Bernhard Y, Moreau M, Guillemin M, Drouet C, Collin B, Decréau RA. Cherenkov Radiation induced photodynamic therapy - repurposing older photosensitizers, and radionuclides. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103816. [PMID: 37783257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Old-generation photosensitizers are minimally used in current photodynamic therapy (PDT) because they absorb in the UV/blue/green region of the spectrum where biological tissues are generally highly absorbing. The UV/blue light of Cherenkov Radiation (CR) from nuclear disintegration of beta-emitter radionuclides shows promise as an internal light source to activate these photosensitizers within tissue. Outline of the study: 1) radionuclide choice and Cherenkov Radiation, 2) Photosensitizer choice, synthesis and radiolabeling, 3) CR-induced fluorescence, 4) Verification of ROS formation, 5) CR-induced PDT with either free eosine and free CR emitter, or with radiolabelled eosin. RESULTS Cherenkov Radiation Energy Transfer (CRET) from therapeutic radionuclides (90Y) and PET imaging radionuclides (18F, 68Ga) to eosin was shown by spectrofluorimetry and in vitro, and was shown to result in a PDT process. The feasibility of CR-induced PDT (CR-PDT) was demonstrated in vitro on B16F10 murine melanoma cells mixing free eosin (λabs = 524 nm, ΦΔ 0.67) with free CR-emitter [18F]-FDG under their respective intrinsic toxicity levels (0.5 mM/8 MBq) and by trapping singlet oxygen with diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). An eosin-DOTAGA-chelate conjugate 1 was synthesized and radiometallated with CR-emitter [68Ga] allowed to reach 25 % cell toxicity at 0.125 mM/2 MBq, i.e. below the toxicity threshold of each component measured on controls. Incubation time was carefully examined, especially for CR emitters, in light of its toxicity, and its CR-emitting yield expected to be 3 times as much for 68Ga than 18F (considering their β particle energy) per radionuclide decay, while its half-life is about twice as small. PERSPECTIVE This study showed that in complete darkness, as it is at depth in tissues, PDT could proceed relying on CR emission from radionuclides only. Interestingly, this study also repurposed PET imaging radionuclides, such as 68Ga, to trigger a therapeutic event (PDT), albeit in a modest extent. Moreover, although it remains modest, such a PDT approach may be used to achieve additional tumoricidal effect to RIT treatment, where radionuclides, such as 90Y, are strong CR emitters, i.e. very potent light source for photosensitizer activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lioret
- ICMUB Institute (Chemistry Department) Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21078, France
| | | | - Yann Bernhard
- ICMUB Institute (Chemistry Department) Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21078, France
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- ICMUB Institute (Chemistry Department) Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21078, France
| | - Mélanie Guillemin
- Centre George François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, Dijon 21079, France
| | - Camille Drouet
- Centre George François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, Dijon 21079, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- ICMUB Institute (Chemistry Department) Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21078, France; Centre George François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, Dijon 21079, France
| | - Richard A Decréau
- ICMUB Institute (Chemistry Department) Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21078, France.
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Alrushaid N, Khan FA, Al-Suhaimi E, Elaissari A. Progress and Perspectives in Colon Cancer Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatments. Diseases 2023; 11:148. [PMID: 37987259 PMCID: PMC10660546 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colon cancer is the third most frequent malignancy and the second most common cause of death. Although it can strike anybody at any age, colon cancer mostly affects the elderly. Small, non-cancerous cell clusters inside the colon, commonly known as polyps, are typically where colon cancer growth starts. But over time, if left untreated, these benign polyps may develop into malignant tissues and develop into colon cancer. For the diagnosis of colon cancer, with routine inspection of the colon region for polyps, several techniques, including colonoscopy and cancer scanning, are used. In the case identifying the polyps in the colon area, efforts are being taken to surgically remove the polyps as quickly as possible before they become malignant. If the polyps become malignant, then colon cancer treatment strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are applied to the patients. Despite the recent improvements in diagnosis and prognosis, the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenging task. The objective of this review was to discuss how CRC is initiated, and its various developmental stages, pathophysiology, and risk factors, and also to explore the current state of colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as recent advancements in the field, such as new screening methods and targeted therapies. We examined the limitations of current methods and discussed the ongoing need for research and development in this area. While this topic may be serious and complex, we hope to engage and inform our audience on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Alrushaid
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ebtesam Al-Suhaimi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Institute of Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
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Farajzadeh N, Güler Kuşçulu N, Yenilmez HY, Bahar D, Altuntas Bayir Z. Anticancer and Biological Properties of New Axially Disubstituted Silicon Phthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7539-7550. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of three novel axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines (1-3-Si) and their quaternized phthalocyanines (1-3-QSi). The resulting compounds were characterized by applying spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR,...
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Yan J, Wang C, Jiang X, Wei Y, Wang Q, Cui K, Xu X, Wang F, Zhang L. Application of phototherapeutic-based nanoparticles in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1361-1381. [PMID: 33867852 PMCID: PMC8040477 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death, which accounts for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Surgery is the main method for treatment of early-stage CRC. However, it is not effective for most metastatic tumors, and new treatment and diagnosis strategies need to be developed. Photosensitizers (PSs) play an important role in the treatment of CRC. Phototherapy also has a broad prospect in the treatment of CRC because of its low invasiveness and low toxicity. However, most PSs are associated with limitations including poor solubility, poor selectivity and high toxicity. The application of nanomaterials in PSs has added many advantages, including increased solubility, bioavailability, targeting, stability and low toxicity. In this review, based on phototherapy, we discuss the characteristics and development progress of PSs, the targeting of PSs at organ, cell and molecular levels, and the current methods of optimizing PSs, especially the application of nanoparticles as carriers in CRC. We introduce the photosensitizer (PS) targeting process in photodynamic therapy (PDT), the damage mechanism of PDT, and the application of classic PS in CRC. The action process and damage mechanism of photothermal therapy (PTT) and the types of ablation agents. In addition, we present the imaging examination and the application of PDT / PTT in tumor, including (fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging) to provide the basis for the early diagnosis of CRC. Notably, single phototherapy has several limitations in vivo, especially for deep tumors. Here, we discuss the advantages of the combination therapy of PDT and PTT compared with the single therapy. At the same time, this review summarizes the clinical application of PS in CRC. Although a variety of nanomaterials are in the research and development stage, few of them are actually on the market, they will show great advantages in the treatment of CRC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yan
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yiqu Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kunli Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangming Substation of Shenzhen Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Li XY, Tan LC, Dong LW, Zhang WQ, Shen XX, Lu X, Zheng H, Lu YG. Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms During Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597. [PMID: 32528867 PMCID: PMC7247862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive malignant skin tumor and arises from melanocytes. The resistance of melanoma cells to various treatments results in rapid tumor growth and high mortality. As a local therapeutic modality, photodynamic therapy has been successfully applied for clinical treatment of skin diseases. Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new treatment method for various types of malignant tumors in humans and, compared to conventional treatment methods, has fewer side effects, and is more accurate and non-invasive. Although several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown encouraging results regarding the potential benefits of photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant treatment for melanoma, its clinical application remains limited owing to its relative inefficiency. This review article discusses the use of photodynamic therapy in melanoma treatment as well as the latest progress made in deciphering the mechanism of tolerance. Lastly, potential targets are identified that may improve photodynamic therapy against melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu-Chang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wen Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Grüner MC, Niemann S, Faust A, Strassert CA. Axially Decorated Si IV -phthalocyanines Bearing Mannose- or Ammonium-conjugated Siloxanes: Comparative Bacterial Labeling and Photodynamic Inactivation<sup/>. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:890-899. [PMID: 29285780 DOI: 10.1111/php.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a comparative study about the photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive model) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative model) employing a neutral and a dicationic axially functionalized SiIV -phthalocyanine. Depending on the charge of the siloxane moiety (neutral monosaccharide or cationic ammonium salt), different interactions with the bacteria were observed, and a differential photoinactivation was facilitated. The intensity of the fluorescence labeling correlated with the photoinactivation of the two types of bacteria: While the neutral species only significantly affected the Gram-positive cells, we observed that the positively charged photosensitizer interacted both with the Gram-positive and with the Gram-negative models. The dicationic photosensitizer labeled both models with a characteristic deep-red fluorescence and photoinactivated both classes of prokaryotes. In general, our study clearly demonstrates that axially ammoniumsiloxane-functionalized Si(IV) phthalocyaninates constitute excellent photosensitizers due to their weak aggregation in aqueous environments. In particular, we also show that charge-based targeting with axial ammonium groups leads toward broad-spectrum SiIV -phthalocyanines for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte C Grüner
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (IFSC/USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Bernhard Y, Gigot E, Goncalves V, Moreau M, Sok N, Richard P, Decréau RA. Direct subphthalocyanine conjugation to bombesin vs. indirect conjugation to its lipidic nanocarrier. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4511-8. [PMID: 27097718 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00530f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin (BBN) was covalently bound to graftable subphthalocyanine (SubPc) or to a cholesterol derivative, a component of a liposome that encapsulates non-graftable SubPc. The latter bioconjugation approach was suitable to address the stability of SubPc and was achieved by copper-free click-chemistry on the outer-face of the liposome. Liposomes were purified (FPLC) and then analyzed in size (outer diameter about 60 nm measured by DLS). In vitro binding studies allowed to determine the IC50 13.9 nM for one component of the liposome, cholesterol, conjugated to BBN. Hence, azido- (or alkynyl-) liposomes give fluorophores with no reactive functional group available on their backbone a second chance to be (indirectly) bioconjugated (with bombesin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bernhard
- ICMUB Institute-Dept of Chemistry, Sciences Mirande, UMR-CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Elodie Gigot
- ICMUB Institute-Dept of Chemistry, Sciences Mirande, UMR-CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Victor Goncalves
- ICMUB Institute-Dept of Chemistry, Sciences Mirande, UMR-CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- ICMUB Institute-Dept of Chemistry, Sciences Mirande, UMR-CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Nicolas Sok
- AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM, 1 Esplanade Erasme, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- ICMUB Institute-Dept of Chemistry, Sciences Mirande, UMR-CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Richard A Decréau
- ICMUB Institute-Dept of Chemistry, Sciences Mirande, UMR-CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, France.
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8
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Osati S, Ali H, Guérin B, van Lier JE. Steroid-photosensitizer conjugates: Syntheses and applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461730004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on progress in the development of different approaches to the design of steroid ([Formula: see text] estrogens, androgens, cholesterol) conjugates with coordination assemblies of metalloporphyrins, phthalocyanines and related complexes. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines have received considerable attention due to their novel composition, intriguing spectroscopic, photophysical, and redox properties, and potential application in light-harvesting and optoelectronic devices. With the development of more efficient imaging and therapeutic applications, these bio-conjugates are evaluated as multimodality agents (PET, fluorescence imaging) to monitor the mechanism of action of biologically active components in living systems and as agents for molecular recognition, oxygen atom transfer and catalysis. The tetrapyrrole components, which can be coupled via covalent and various non-covalent linkages, may exhibit strong interactions through efficient photo-induced electron and/or energy transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Osati
- Department of nuclear medicine and radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H5N4
| | - Hasrat Ali
- Department of nuclear medicine and radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H5N4
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of nuclear medicine and radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H5N4
| | - Johan E. van Lier
- Department of nuclear medicine and radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H5N4
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Specific Targeting of Melanotic Cells with Peptide Ligated Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15750. [PMID: 29146972 PMCID: PMC5691209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A strategy combining covalent conjugation of photosensitizers to a peptide ligand directed to the melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptor with the application of sequential LED light dosage at near-IR wavelengths was developed to achieve specific cytotoxicity to melanocytes and melanoma (MEL) with minimal collateral damage to surrounding cells such as keratinocytes (KER). The specific killing of melanotic cells by targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) described in this study holds promise as a potentially effective adjuvant therapeutic method to control benign skin hyperpigmentation or superficial melanotic malignancy such as Lentigo Maligna Melanoma (LMM).
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Vera RE, Lamberti MJ, Rivarola VA, Rumie Vittar NB. Developing strategies to predict photodynamic therapy outcome: the role of melanoma microenvironment. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9127-36. [PMID: 26419592 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most aggressive and treatment-resistant human skin cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive therapeutic modality, is a promising approach to treating melanoma. It combines a non-toxic photoactivatable drug called photosensitizer with harmless visible light to generate reactive oxygen species which mediate the antitumor effects. The aim of this review was to compile the available data about PDT on melanoma. Our comparative analysis revealed a disconnection between several hypotheses generated by in vitro therapeutic studies and in vivo and clinical assays. This fact led us to highlight new preclinical experimental platforms that mimic the complexity of tumor biology. The tumor and its stromal microenvironment have a dynamic and reciprocal interaction that plays a critical role in tumor resistance, and these interactions can be exploited for novel therapeutic targets. In this sense, we review two strategies used by photodynamic researchers: (a) developing 3D culture systems which mimic tumor architecture and (b) heterotypic cultures that resemble tumor microenvironment to favor therapeutic regimen design. After this comprehensive review of the literature, we suggest that new complementary preclinical models are required to better optimize the clinical outcome of PDT on skin melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Emanuel Vera
- Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Julia Lamberti
- Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Alicia Rivarola
- Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Belén Rumie Vittar
- Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
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11
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Current position of TNF-α in melanomagenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6589-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Baldea I, Ion RM, Olteanu DE, Nenu I, Tudor D, Filip AG. Photodynamic therapy of melanoma using new, synthetic porphyrins and phthalocyanines as photosensitisers - a comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:175-80. [PMID: 26528068 PMCID: PMC4576792 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a cancer that arises from melanocytes, is one of the most unresponsive cancers to known therapies and has a tendency to produce early metastases. Several studies showed encouraging results of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in melanoma, in different experimental settings in vitro and in vivo, as well as several clinical reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Nanomedicine Research Group, Bucharest, Romania ; Materials Engineering Department, Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iuliana Nenu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Tudor
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Gabriela Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Ogbodu RO, Ndhundhuma I, Karsten A, Nyokong T. Photodynamic therapy effect of zinc monoamino phthalocyanine-folic acid conjugate adsorbed on single walled carbon nanotubes on melanoma cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 137:1120-1125. [PMID: 25305603 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the photodynamic therapy effect of zinc monoamino phthalocyanine linked to folic acid represented as ZnMAPc-FA, which was further immobilized onto single walled carbon nanotube represented as ZnMAPc-FA-SWCNT on melanoma A375 cell line, the effect of SWCNT-FA (without ZnMAPc) was also examined. All the compounds were non-toxic to the melanoma A375 cell line in the absence of light. Upon irradiation of the melanoma A375 cell line with a 676 nm diode laser at a power density of 98 mW/cm(2) at 5 J/cm(2) about 60% and 63% cell death was observed in the presence of ZnMAPc-FA and ZnMAPc-FA-SWCNT respectively. SWCNT-FA had no significant photodynamic therapy or photothermal effect to the cell, only 23% of cell death was observed after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal O Ogbodu
- Rhodes University, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Ivy Ndhundhuma
- Biophotonics, National Laser Centre, CSIR, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Aletta Karsten
- Biophotonics, National Laser Centre, CSIR, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Rhodes University, Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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Bernhard Y, Winckler P, Chassagnon R, Richard P, Gigot É, Perrier-Cornet JM, Decréau RA. Subphthalocyanines: addressing water-solubility, nano-encapsulation, and activation for optical imaging of B16 melanoma cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13975-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new facets of subphthalocyanines (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) are presented: probes for molecular imaging, pH-activation, nano-encapsulation (liposomes: 20 nm large/13% loading).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bernhard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- UMR 6302 CNRS – Université de Bourgogne
- Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Winckler
- Université de Bourgogne
- AgroSup Dijon
- Dimacell Imaging Ressource Center
- F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Remi Chassagnon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6303 – Université de Bourgogne
- F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- UMR 6302 CNRS – Université de Bourgogne
- Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Élodie Gigot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- UMR 6302 CNRS – Université de Bourgogne
- Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | - Richard A. Decréau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- UMR 6302 CNRS – Université de Bourgogne
- Dijon Cedex, France
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15
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Photodynamic therapy in treatment of cutaneous and choroidal melanoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Sekkat N, van den Bergh H, Nyokong T, Lange N. Like a bolt from the blue: phthalocyanines in biomedical optics. Molecules 2011; 17:98-144. [PMID: 22198535 PMCID: PMC6269082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to compile preclinical and clinical results on phthalocyanines (Pcs) as photosensitizers (PS) for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and contrast agents for fluorescence imaging. Indeed, Pcs are excellent candidates in these fields due to their strong absorbance in the NIR region and high chemical and photo-stability. In particular, this is mostly relevant for their in vivo activation in deeper tissular regions. However, most Pcs present two major limitations, i.e., a strong tendency to aggregate and a low water-solubility. In order to overcome these issues, both chemical tuning and pharmaceutical formulation combined with tumor targeting strategies were applied. These aspects will be developed in this review for the most extensively studied Pcs during the last 25 years, i.e., aluminium-, zinc- and silicon-based Pcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Sekkat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne/Geneva, Geneva, 30, quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Photomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne/Geneva, Geneva, 30, quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.:+41-22-379-3335; Fax: +41-22-379-6567
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17
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Sun L, Li Y, Shi Y, Liu XL, Yang GR, Zhao LQ, Yang XJ, Qiu YB, Zhang YB, Ji X, Kang QZ, Ji ZY. Photodynamic sensitivity of esophageal cancer KYSE-70 cells is attenuated by all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2709-2716. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i26.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impact of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced cell differentiation on photodynamic sensitivity of human esophageal cancer cell line KYSE-70.
METHODS: Both well and poorly differentiated KYSE-450 cell lines were used in this study. KYSE-70 differentiation was induced with 1 µmol/L ATRA and evidenced by cell morphology and proliferation. Phototoxicity after photodynamic therapy (PDT, 450 nm) was detected by MTT assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, and morphology of apoptotic cells was visualized after Hoechst 33342 staining.
RESULTS: Cells after ATRA treatment exhibited increased size, reduced cytoplasmic and nuclear density, and nuclear enlargement. Cell growth was inhibited compared to control cells. After PDT treatment, the survival of well differentiated KYSE-450 cells and ATRA-treated KYSE-70 cells were reduced compared to poorly differentiated KYSE-70 cells. Cell viability differed significantly between ATRA-treated and non-treated KYSE-70 cells after PDT treatment (54.28% ± 3.64% vs 36.23% ± 7.43%, P < 0.001). The percentage of apoptotic cells in ATRA-induced KYSE-70 cells was less than that in non-treated KYSE-70 cells (18.1% vs 33.3%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: ATRA-induced cell differentiation decreases photodynamic sensitivity of esophageal cancer KYSE-70 cells possibly by inducing resistance to apoptosis.
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18
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Combating melanoma: the use of photodynamic therapy as a novel, adjuvant therapeutic tool. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 37:465-75. [PMID: 21168280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic malignant melanoma remains one of the most dreaded skin cancers worldwide. Numerous factors contribute to its resistance to hosts of treatment regimes and despite significant scientific advances over the last decade in the field of chemotherapeutics and melanocytic targets, there still remains the need for improved therapeutic modalities. Photodynamic therapy, a minimally invasive therapeutic modality has been shown to be effective in a number of oncologic and non-oncologic conditions. Using second-generation stable, lipophilic photosensitizers with optimised wavelengths, PDT may be a promising tool for adjuvant therapy in combating melanoma. Potential targets for PDT in melanoma eradication include cell proliferation inhibition, activation of cell death and reduction in pro-survival autophagy and a decrease in the cellular melanocytic antioxidant system. This review highlights the current knowledge with respect to these characteristics and suggests that PDT be considered as a good candidate for adjuvant treatment in post-resected malignant metastatic melanoma. Furthermore, it suggests that primary consideration must be given to organelle-specific destruction in melanoma specifically targeting the melanosomes - the one organelle that is specific to cells of the melanocytic lineage that houses the toxic compound, melanin. We believe that using this combined knowledge may eventually lead to an effective therapeutic tool to combat this highly intractable disease.
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Ji ZY, Fan TL, Zhao LQ, Yang XJ, Qiu YB, Zhang JZ, Zhang YB, Sun Y, Qiu SL, Yang GR. Effects of subcellular localization pattern of PpIX on photodynamic efficiency in esophageal cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:1602-1608. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i16.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of subcellular localization pattern of PpIX on photodynamic efficiency in esophageal cancer cell lines.
METHODS: KYSE-450, KYSE-70 and Het-1A cells were treated with ALA, exogenous PpIX and MitoTracker, respectively. The subcellular localization patterns of PpIX were observed using fluorescence microscopy. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) after ALA-PDT and PpIX-PDT was measured using JC-1 flow cytometry. The morphological study of mitochondria after ALA-PDT and PpIX-PDT was performed with electron microscopy. MTS was used to examine the cell survival rate.
RESULTS: The granular patterns and distribution of fluorescence in the extranuclear fraction of the cells were similar for both ALA-derived endogenous PpIX and the MitoTracker in all cell lines; however, exogenous PpIX was diffusely distributed in the whole cytoplasm of cells. After 12 h of ALA-based PDT, the percentages were increased to 22%, 52% and 33% in the KYSE-450, KYSE-70 and Het-1A cell lines, respectively; where only 15%, 14% and 18% of the depolarized cell fractions were seen following PDT with exogenous PpIX. As early as 1 h after photodynamic treatment, some of the mitochondria were already damaged by ALA-PDT with unclear cristae, vacuoles and swelling; while the mitochondrial ultrastructure was still well preserved 1 h later following PDT with exogenous PpIX. ALA-mediated PDT was significantly more efficient than PDT with exogenous PpIX in killing cells in all the 3 cell lines.
CONCLUSION: Different subcellular location of photosensitizer may affect the PDT efficacy. Mitochondria are more sensitive and may be important targets for PDT. This finding suggests that new photosensitizers with mitochondrially-localizing property may be designed for improvement of PDT effectiveness in the future.
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Cuchelkar V, Kopecková P, Kopecek J. Novel HPMA copolymer-bound constructs for combined tumor and mitochondrial targeting. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:776-86. [PMID: 18767867 DOI: 10.1021/mp800019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of therapeutic agents may benefit by specifically directing them to the mitochondria in tumor cells. The current work aimed to design delivery systems that would enable a combination of tumor and mitochondrial targeting for such therapeutic entities. To this end, novel HPMA copolymer-based delivery systems that employ triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ions as mitochondriotropic agents were developed. Constructs were initially synthesized with fluorescent labels substituting for drug and were used for validation experiments. Microinjection and incubation experiments performed using these fluorescently labeled constructs confirmed the mitochondrial targeting ability. Subsequently, HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates were synthesized using a photosensitizer mesochlorin e 6 (Mce 6). Mitochondrial targeting of HPMA copolymer-bound Mce 6 enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to nontargeted HPMA copolymer-Mce 6 conjugates. Minor modifications may be required to adapt the current design and allow for tumor site-specific mitochondrial targeting of other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaikunth Cuchelkar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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