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Ramazani E, Akaberi M, Emami SA, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Pharmacological and biological effects of alpha-bisabolol: An updated review of the molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2022; 304:120728. [PMID: 35753438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-bisabolol (α-bisabolol), an unsaturated monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, is known as one of the "most-used herbal constituents" in the world. Various therapeutic and biological properties of α-bisabolol in preventing oxidative stress, inflammatory disorders, infections, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders have been reported. In this review, we evaluated new findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of α-bisabolol published from 2010 until 2021 in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. The antioxidant mechanism of α-bisabolol is mainly associated with the reduction of ROS/RNS, MDA, and GSH depletion, MPO activity, and augmentation of SOD and CAT. Additionally, upregulating the expression of bcl-2 and suppression of bax, P53, APAF-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 activity indicates the anti-apoptotic effects of α- bisabolol. It possesses anti-inflammatory effects via reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and suppresses the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, NF-κB, and p38. The antimicrobial effect is mediated by inhibiting the viability of infected cells and improves cognitive function via downregulation of bax, cleaved caspases-3 and 9 levels, β-secretase, cholinesterase activities, and upregulation of bcl-2 levels. Finally, due to multiple biological activities, α-bisabolol is worthy to be subjected to clinical trials to achieve new insights into its beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ramazani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M. Fiume
- Senior Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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Evaluation of the antibacterial and modulatory potential of α-bisabolol, β-cyclodextrin and α-bisabolol/β-cyclodextrin complex. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abd E, Yousef SA, Pastore MN, Telaprolu K, Mohammed YH, Namjoshi S, Grice JE, Roberts MS. Skin models for the testing of transdermal drugs. Clin Pharmacol 2016; 8:163-176. [PMID: 27799831 PMCID: PMC5076797 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s64788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of percutaneous permeation of molecules is a key step in the evaluation of dermal or transdermal delivery systems. If the drugs are intended for delivery to humans, the most appropriate setting in which to do the assessment is the in vivo human. However, this may not be possible for ethical, practical, or economic reasons, particularly in the early phases of development. It is thus necessary to find alternative methods using accessible and reproducible surrogates for in vivo human skin. A range of models has been developed, including ex vivo human skin, usually obtained from cadavers or plastic surgery patients, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. Increasingly, largely driven by regulatory authorities and industry, there is a focus on developing standardized techniques and protocols. With this comes the need to demonstrate that the surrogate models produce results that correlate with those from in vivo human studies and that they can be used to show bioequivalence of different topical products. This review discusses the alternative skin models that have been developed as surrogates for normal and diseased skin and examines the concepts of using model systems for in vitro–in vivo correlation and the demonstration of bioequivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Shereen A Yousef
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Michael N Pastore
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krishna Telaprolu
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Sarika Namjoshi
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Been RA, Bernatchez SF, Conrad-Vlasak DM, Asmus RA, Ekholm BP, Parks PJ. In vivo methods to evaluate a new skin protectant for loss of skin integrity. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:851-859. [PMID: 27312780 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new skin protectant was developed for use on conditions involving partial-thickness skin loss such as severe incontinence-associated dermatitis. This new formulation is based on a cyanoacrylate chemistry designed to polymerize in situ and create a breathable film able to protect the skin surface from external irritants. This film provides an environment favorable for healing to occur beneath the film. To evaluate the characteristics of the novel chemistry, we devised a preclinical testing strategy comprising three different animal models. The data from all three models was considered collectively to create an overall assessment of effectiveness. A guinea pig model was used to evaluate the barrier efficacy of the new product in protecting intact skin from irritation. A porcine partial-thickness wound model was used to evaluate the efficacy of the product in helping control minor bleeding and exudate. A similar model was also used to assess the process of reepithelialization in the continued presence of an irritant. In the first model, untreated sites had 8.5 times more irritation than sites covered with the new product (p < 0.001). In the second model, a single application of the new product successfully attached to intact peri-wound skin and to denuded, weepy skin. It significantly reduced the amount of fluid weeping from the wounds (p ≤ 0.001) and continued to perform throughout a 96 hours experiment. In the third model, the percent of reepithelialization was significantly greater for the wounds covered with the new product than for the control wounds (p = 0.003; on average, 18.3% greater, with a 95% confidence interval of 9.2% to 27.5%). These results suggest that the new skin protectant protects intact and denuded skin from irritants and provides an environment favorable to healing, offering promise for the management of various conditions involving loss of epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha A Been
- 3M Critical & Chronic Care Solutions Division, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Robert A Asmus
- 3M Critical & Chronic Care Solutions Division, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Bruce P Ekholm
- 3M Critical & Chronic Care Solutions Division, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Patrick J Parks
- 3M Critical & Chronic Care Solutions Division, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Krishnaiah YSR, Xu X, Rahman Z, Yang Y, Katragadda U, Lionberger R, Peters JR, Uhl K, Khan MA. Development of performance matrix for generic product equivalence of acyclovir topical creams. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:110-22. [PMID: 25089511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of process variability on physicochemical characteristics and in vitro performance of qualitatively (Q1) and quantitatively (Q2) equivalent generic acyclovir topical dermatological creams was investigated to develop a matrix of standards for determining their in vitro bioequivalence with reference listed drug (RLD) product (Zovirax®). A fractional factorial design of experiment (DOE) with triplicate center point was used to create 11 acyclovir cream formulations with manufacturing variables such as pH of aqueous phase, emulsification time, homogenization speed, and emulsification temperature. Three more formulations (F-12-F-14) with drug particle size representing RLD were also prepared where the pH of the final product was adjusted. The formulations were subjected to physicochemical characterization (drug particle size, spreadability, viscosity, pH, and drug concentration in aqueous phase) and in vitro drug release studies against RLD. The results demonstrated that DOE formulations were structurally and functionally (e.g., drug release) similar (Q3) to RLD. Moreover, in vitro drug permeation studies showed that extent of drug bioavailability/retention in human epidermis from F-12-F-14 were similar to RLD, although differed in rate of permeation. The results suggested generic acyclovir creams can be manufactured to obtain identical performance as that of RLD with Q1/Q2/Q3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yellela S R Krishnaiah
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Usha Katragadda
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - John R Peters
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Uhl
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Ghosh P, Brogden NK, Stinchcomb AL. Fluvastatin as a Micropore Lifetime Enhancer for Sustained Delivery Across Microneedle-Treated Skin. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:652-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Manela-Azulay M, Cuzzi T, Pinheiro JCA, Azulay DR, Rangel GB. [Objective methods for analyzing outcomes in research studies on cosmetic dermatology]. An Bras Dermatol 2010; 85:65-71. [PMID: 20464089 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962010000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmetic dermatology is a field of medicine that is in constant development; therefore, the use of objective methods for validating the findings of scientific studies is crucial. The most commonly used techniques in the majority of these studies include histopathology, immunohistochemistry, morphometry, stereology, digital photography, biometry, optical profilometry and confocal microscopy. The objective of this review was to provide an update on the principal methods used as tools for analyzing outcomes and also to provide the dermatologist with means of sharpening his/her critical judgement with respect to the publications and presentations that use subjective evaluation methods.
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Atrux-Tallau N, Romagny C, Padois K, Denis A, Haftek M, Falson F, Pirot F, Maibach HI. Effects of glycerol on human skin damaged by acute sodium lauryl sulphate treatment. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 302:435-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Andersen F, Hedegaard K, Petersen TK, Bindslev-Jensen C, Fullerton A, Andersen KE. Comparison of the effect of glycerol and triamcinolone acetonide on cumulative skin irritation in a randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56:228-35. [PMID: 17156893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND So-called anti-irritants are added to cosmetic formulations because of their alleged beneficial effect on irritated skin. Documentation for these claims is often limited. However, glycerol has shown anti-irritant properties in experimentally induced irritation from sodium lauryl sulfate and nonanoic acid (NON). This study was designed to further substantiate that glycerol added to cosmetic formulations has an anti-irritant effect on experimentally induced skin irritation. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare glycerol with triamcinolone acetonide as treatments for cutaneous irritation in human volunteers. METHODS Irritation was induced by 3 daily arm washes for a week with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate on one arm and 30% NON on the other. To maintain irritation, for the next 12 days volunteers washed their arms twice daily with the irritants. Treatments were applied immediately after washing. The treatments (including vehicle and no treatment) were randomized to sites using a Latin square design. The reactions were evaluated clinically and instrumentally. LIMITATIONS Study was designed to only detect potent anti-irritants. CONCLUSION Glycerol reduced the irritant effect of both sodium lauryl sulfate and NON, whereas triamcinolone acetonide appeared to have beneficial effect only on the irritation induced by NON. The study provided experimental documentation for the claim that glycerol has anti-irritant effect in a cosmetic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark
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Andersen F, Hedegaard K, Petersen TK, Bindslev-Jensen C, Fullerton A, Andersen KE. Anti-irritants I: dose–response in acute irritation. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 55:148-54. [PMID: 16918613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The term 'anti-irritant' (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. 'AIs' are being added to cosmetic formulations in order, allegedly, to benefit tolerability of the products and allow claims such as 'soothing' and 'healing' ingredients. Limited documentation in favour of the efficacy of AIs is published. We studied the dose-related effect of 4 alleged AIs (nifedipine, (-)-alpha-bisabolol, canola oil and glycerol) on experimentally induced acute irritation in healthy volunteers. Each AI was used in 3 concentrations. Acute irritation was induced by occlusive tests with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate and 20% nonanoic acid in N-propanol. The irritant reactions were treated twice daily with AI-containing formulations from the time of removal of the patches. Evaluation of skin irritation and efficacy of treatments were performed daily for 4 days using clinical scoring, evaporimetry (transepidermal water loss), hydration measurement and colourimetry. Only glycerol showed dose-response and effects potentially better than no treatment. There was no significant effect and no difference between the three other AIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
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Andersen F, Hedegaard K, Petersen TK, Bindslev-Jensen C, Fullerton A, Andersen KE. Anti-irritants II: efficacy against cumulative irritation. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 55:155-9. [PMID: 16918614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
So-called anti-irritants (AI) are widely used in cosmetic formulations, with the aim of reducing irritation from substances in the formulation. It may also be claimed that they are 'soothing' and 'healing' ingredients. However, the proof for these claims is circumstantial. The dose-response effect of 4 alleged AI (nifedipine, (-)-alpha-bisabolol, canola oil and glycerol) was studied on experimentally induced acute irritation in healthy volunteers, and only glycerol showed dose-related response and effects potentially better than no treatment. The acute irritation model only allowed a small window of opportunity in which to demonstrate efficacy. Therefore, the effect of AI was studied in a cumulative irritation model by inducing irritant dermatitis with 10 min daily exposures for 5+4 days (no irritation on weekend) to 1% sodium lauryl sulfate on the right and 20% nonanoic acid on the left volar forearm. AI ointments were applied twice daily. Clinical scoring was performed daily, evaporimetry (Trans Epidermal Water Loss), hydration and colourimetry were measured at baseline (D0), in the middle and at the end of treatment. The glycerol ointment was the only treatment statistically better than both 'no treatment' and vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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