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Enzyme-modified non-oxidized LDL (ELDL) induces human coronary artery smooth muscle cell transformation to a migratory and osteoblast-like phenotype. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11954. [PMID: 30097618 PMCID: PMC6086911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme modified non-oxidative LDL (ELDL) is effectively taken up by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and mediates transition into foam cells and produces phenotypic changes in SMC function. Our data show that incubation of human coronary artery SMC (HCASMC) with low concentration of ELDL (10 μg/ml) results in significantly enhanced foam cell formation compared to oxidized LDL (200 μg/ml; p < 0.01) or native LDL (200 μg/ml; p < 0.01). Bioinformatic network analysis identified activation of p38 MAPK, NFkB, ERK as top canonical pathways relevant for biological processes linked to cell migration and osteoblastic differentiation in ELDL-treated cells. Functional studies confirmed increased migration of HCASMC upon stimulation with ELDL (10 μg/ml) or Angiopoietin like protein 4, (ANGPTL4, 5 μg/ml), and gain in osteoblastic gene profile with significant increase in mRNA levels for DMP-1, ALPL, RUNX2, OPN/SPP1, osterix/SP7, BMP and reduction in mRNA for MGP and ENPP1. Enhanced calcification of HCASMC by ELDL was demonstrated by Alizarin Red staining. In summary, ELDL is highly potent in inducing foam cells in HCASMC and mediates a phenotypic switch with enhanced migration and osteoblastic gene profile. These results point to the potential of ELDL to induce migratory and osteoblastic effects in human smooth muscle cells with potential implications for migration and calcification of SMCs in human atherosclerosis.
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Wang K, Zelnick LR, Imrey PB, deBoer IH, Himmelfarb J, Allon MD, Cheung AK, Dember LM, Roy-Chaudhury P, Vazquez MA, Kusek JW, Feldman HI, Beck GJ, Kestenbaum B. Effect of Anti-Hypertensive Medication History on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation Outcomes. Am J Nephrol 2018; 48:56-64. [PMID: 30071516 DOI: 10.1159/000491828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis. However, approximately half of AVFs fail to mature. The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) exerts favorable endothelial effects and may promote AVF maturation. We tested associations of ACE-I and ARBs, CCBs, beta-blockers, and diuretics with the maturation of newly created AVFs. METHODS We evaluated 602 participants from the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study, a multi-center, prospective cohort study of AVF maturation. We ascertained the use of each medication class within 45 days of AVF creation surgery. We defined maturation outcomes by clinical use within 9 months of surgery or 4 weeks of initiating hemodialysis. RESULTS Unassisted AVF maturation failure without intervention occurred in 54.0% of participants, and overall AVF maturation failure (with or without intervention) occurred in 30.1%. After covariate adjustment, CCB use was associated with a 25% lower risk of overall AVF maturation failure (95% CI 3%-41% lower) but a non-significant 10% lower risk of unassisted maturation failure (95% CI 23% lower to 5% higher). ACE-I/ARB, beta-blocker, and diuretic use was not significantly associated with AVF maturation outcomes. None of the antihypertensive medication classes were associated with changes in AVF diameter or blood flow over 6 weeks following surgery. CONCLUSIONS CCB use may be associated with a lower risk of overall AVF maturation failure. Further studies are needed to determine whether CCBs might play a causal role in improving AVF maturation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leila R Zelnick
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter B Imrey
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ian H deBoer
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael D Allon
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alfred K Cheung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Renal Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Laura M Dember
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- Division of Nephrology, University of Arizona Health Sciences and Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Medical Service, Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Miguel A Vazquez
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John W Kusek
- Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Harold I Feldman
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gerald J Beck
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Zou J, Li Y, Fan HQ, Wang JG. Effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced proliferation and oxidative stress of vascular smooth muscle cells. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:168. [PMID: 22455621 PMCID: PMC3392741 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are more effective in reducing carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) than other classes of antihypertensive drugs due to their vascular effects. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Findings Ox-LDL induced HUVSMCs proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. When pretreated with three CCBs before 50 μg/ml ox-LDL stimulation, 30 μM lacidipine and 3 μM amlodipine exhibited 27% and 18% decrease of pro-proliferative effect induced by ox-LDL, whereas (S-)-amlodipine did not have any anti-proliferative effect. 30 μM lacidipine inhibited about two-thirds of the ox-LDL induced ROS production in HUVSMCs, whereas amlodipine and (S-)-amlodipine did not have influence on ROS production. The MAPKs pathway inhibitors inhibited the ox-LDL induced proliferation of HUVSMCs. Conclusion Our study has demonstrated that lipophilic CCBs, such as lacidipine may inhibit ox-LDL induced proliferation and oxidative stress of VSMCs, and that the ROS-MAPKs pathway might be involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
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Ishii N, Matsumura T, Shimoda S, Araki E. Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:693-704. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Ishii
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Seiya Shimoda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Lacidipine has antiatherosclerotic effects independent of its actions on lipid metabolism and blood pressure. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:193-9. [PMID: 20709189 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antiatherosclerotic effect of lacidipine has been attributed to its actions on cholesterol levels, lipid metabolism or oxidant stress in advanced disease. The purpose of the present experiments was to examine whether lacidipine is protective of intimal thickening and vascular dysfunction in early atherosclerosis in the absence of the hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. A second goal was to determine whether and to what extent MMP-9 and oxidant stress are involved in possible beneficial effects of lacidipine. Lacidipine treatment (5 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 3 weeks) significantly prevented the collar-induced intimal thickening. MMP-9 expressions were increased by collar but not effected by lacidipine treatment. Nitrotyrosine staining, a marker for oxidant stress was not changed neither by collar nor lacidipine treatment in early atherosclerosis. The enhanced sensitivity to serotonine and diminished sensitivity to acetylcholine in collared arteries were restored to normal levels with treatment. These results demonstrate that the lacidipine treatment prevents the collar-induced intimal thickening and accompanying vascular dysfunction in early atherosclerosis without cholesterol loading. These beneficial effects of lacidipine were not associated with changes in either MMP-9 expression or oxidant stress. However, enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxations by lacidipine, suggest that vascular protective effects of nitric oxide may be at least partly, responsible from antiatherosclerotic effects of lacidipine.
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Clunn GF, Sever PS, Hughes AD. Calcium channel regulation in vascular smooth muscle cells: synergistic effects of statins and calcium channel blockers. Int J Cardiol 2009; 139:2-6. [PMID: 19523699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA) we have reported a positive interaction between atorvastatin and amlodipine-based antihypertensive strategy in terms of the prevention of coronary events. In cellular and molecular studies on human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) we have reported that transformation from a differentiated to a synthetic or dedifferentiated phenotype is associated with loss of function of L-type calcium channels and hence loss of potential responsiveness to calcium channel blockers (CCB). Statins directly inhibit cell cycle progression and dedifferentiation of VSMC due to their ability to inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoid cholesterol intermediates. We hypothesize that statins promote a more differentiated VSMC phenotype that results in upregulation of L-type calcium channels and restoration of a CCB-sensitive calcium influx pathway in VSMC, favourably affecting the balance that exists between VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase production with an associated increase in stability of atheromatous plaques.
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