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Belluardo F, Quirós DD, Lobón-Rovira J, Rosa GM, Rasoazanany M, Andreone F, Crottini A. Uncovering the herpetological diversity of small forest fragments in south-eastern Madagascar (Haute Matsiatra). ZOOSYST EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.97.63936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Madagascar has historically suffered from high fragmentation of forested habitats, often leading to biodiversity loss. Neverthless, forest fragments still retain high levels of biological diversity. The Haute Matsiatra Region (south-eastern Madagascar) hosts the renowned Andringitra National Park and several surrounding isolated forest fragments embedded in a matrix of human-dominated landscape. During a herpetological survey conducted in the Region, we visited a total of 25 sites. We applied a molecular taxonomic approach to identify the collected material and generate new reference sequences to improve the molecular identification of Malagasy herpetofauna. We identified a total of 28 amphibian and 38 squamate taxa and provided a systematic account for each one of them. Nine of the identified taxa are candidate species, amongst which one was newly identified. We extended the known distributional range of 21 taxa (nine amphibians and 12 squamates). Although the largest forest fragments hold a higher number of species, we also detected a relatively high herpetological diversity in small patches. Our results highlight the importance of investigating small forest fragments to contribute to a better understanding of the patterns of diversity and distribution of the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar.
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Phylogeography of the Rufous Vanga and the role of bioclimatic transition zones in promoting speciation within Madagascar. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3099/mcz48.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Augstenová B, Johnson Pokorná M, Altmanová M, Frynta D, Rovatsos M, Kratochvíl L. ZW, XY, and yet ZW: Sex chromosome evolution in snakes even more complicated. Evolution 2018; 72:1701-1707. [PMID: 29972583 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Snakes are historically important in the formulation of several central concepts on the evolution of sex chromosomes. For over 50 years, it was believed that all snakes shared the same ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, which are homomorphic and poorly differentiated in "basal" snakes such as pythons and boas, while heteromorphic and well differentiated in "advanced" (caenophidian) snakes. Recent molecular studies revealed that differentiated sex chromosomes are indeed shared among all families of caenophidian snakes, but that boas and pythons evolved likely independently male heterogamety (XX/XY sex chromosomes). The historical report of heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in a boid snake was previously regarded as ambiguous. In the current study, we document heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in a boid snake. A comparative approach suggests that these heteromorphic sex chromosomes evolved very recently and that they are poorly differentiated at the sequence level. Interestingly, two snake lineages with confirmed male heterogamety possess homomorphic sex chromosomes, but heteromorphic sex chromosomes are present in both snake lineages with female heterogamety. We point out that this phenomenon is more common across squamates. The presence of female heterogamety in non-caenophidian snakes indicates that the evolution of sex chromosomes in this lineage is much more complex than previously thought, making snakes an even better model system for the evolution of sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Augstenová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Johnson Pokorná
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Michail Rovatsos
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
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Ruane S, Myers EA, Lo K, Yuen S, Welt RS, Juman M, Futterman I, Nussbaum RA, Schneider G, Burbrink FT, Raxworthy CJ. Unrecognized species diversity and new insights into colour pattern polymorphism within the widespread Malagasy snake Mimophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1375046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ruane
- Department of Biological Sciences, 206 Boyden Hall, Rutgers University, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - Edward A. Myers
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - Kahmun Lo
- Science Research Mentoring Program, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - Sara Yuen
- Science Research Mentoring Program, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - Rachel S. Welt
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - Maya Juman
- Science Research Mentoring Program, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - India Futterman
- Science Research Mentoring Program, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - Ronald A. Nussbaum
- Division of Reptiles and Amphibians, Museum of Zoology, Research Museums Center, 3600 Varsity Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Gregory Schneider
- Division of Reptiles and Amphibians, Museum of Zoology, Research Museums Center, 3600 Varsity Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
| | - Christopher J. Raxworthy
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., NY, NY 10024, USA
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Phylogeography of the arid-adapted Malagasy bullfrog, Laliostoma labrosum, influenced by past connectivity and habitat stability. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 92:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Species interactions during diversification and community assembly in Malagasy Miniopterus bats. Evol Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Graham Reynolds R, Niemiller ML, Revell LJ. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 71:201-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DeBiasse MB, Nelson BJ, Hellberg ME. Evaluating summary statistics used to test for incomplete lineage sorting: mito-nuclear discordance in the reef spongeCallyspongia vaginalis. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:225-38. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B. DeBiasse
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael E. Hellberg
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Florio AM, Ingram CM, Rakotondravony HA, Louis EE, Raxworthy CJ. Detecting cryptic speciation in the widespread and morphologically conservative carpet chameleon (Furcifer lateralis) of Madagascar. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1399-414. [PMID: 22686488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Species delimitation within recently evolved groups can be challenging because species may be difficult to distinguish morphologically. Following the General Lineage Concept, we apply a multiple evidence approach to assess species limits within the carpet chameleon Furcifer lateralis, which is endemic to Madagascar and exported in large numbers for the pet trade. Cryptic speciation within F. lateralis was considered likely because this species (1) has a vast distribution, (2) occupies exceptionally diverse habitats and (3) exhibits subtle regional differences in morphology. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed using nuclear and mitochondrial genes recovered three well-supported clades corresponding with geography. Morphological results based on canonical variates analysis show that these clades exhibit subtle differences in head casque morphology. Ecological niche modelling results found that these phylogenetic groups also occupy unique environmental space and exhibit patterns of regional endemism typical of other endemic reptiles. Combined, our findings provide diverse yet consistent evidence for the existence of three species. Consequently, we elevate the subspecies F. lateralis major to species rank and name a new species distributed in northern and western Madagascar. Initial ecological divergence, associated with speciation of F. lateralis in humid eastern habitat, fits the Ecographic Constraint model for species diversification in Madagascar. By contrast, the second speciation event provides some support for the Riverine Barrier model, with the Mangoky River possibly causing initial isolation between species. These findings thus support two contrasting models of speciation within closely related species and demonstrate the utility of applying a combined-evidence approach for detecting cryptic speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Florio
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
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Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Glaw F, Vences M. First large-scale DNA barcoding assessment of reptiles in the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar, based on newly designed COI primers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34506. [PMID: 22479636 PMCID: PMC3316696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA barcoding of non-avian reptiles based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is still in a very early stage, mainly due to technical problems. Using a newly developed set of reptile-specific primers for COI we present the first comprehensive study targeting the entire reptile fauna of the fourth-largest island in the world, the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Representatives of the majority of Madagascan non-avian reptile species (including Squamata and Testudines) were sampled and successfully DNA barcoded. The new primer pair achieved a constantly high success rate (72.7-100%) for most squamates. More than 250 species of reptiles (out of the 393 described ones; representing around 64% of the known diversity of species) were barcoded. The average interspecific genetic distance within families ranged from a low of 13.4% in the Boidae to a high of 29.8% in the Gekkonidae. Using the average genetic divergence between sister species as a threshold, 41-48 new candidate (undescribed) species were identified. Simulations were used to evaluate the performance of DNA barcoding as a function of completeness of taxon sampling and fragment length. Compared with available multi-gene phylogenies, DNA barcoding correctly assigned most samples to species, genus and family with high confidence and the analysis of fewer taxa resulted in an increased number of well supported lineages. Shorter marker-lengths generally decreased the number of well supported nodes, but even mini-barcodes of 100 bp correctly assigned many samples to genus and family. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The new protocols might help to promote DNA barcoding of reptiles and the established library of reference DNA barcodes will facilitate the molecular identification of Madagascan reptiles. Our results might be useful to easily recognize undescribed diversity (i.e. novel taxa), to resolve taxonomic problems, and to monitor the international pet trade without specialized expert knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán T Nagy
- Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.
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