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Carrasco-Medina AS, Salla RF, Sebben A, da Silva HR, Passos FD, Toledo LF, Rebouças R. The cardiorespiratory system of miniature frogs. J Anat 2024; 244:232-248. [PMID: 37898559 PMCID: PMC10780167 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anurans of the genus Brachycephalus are among the smallest vertebrates in the world, due to an extreme process of miniaturization. As an example of this process, Brachycephalus species show loss of fingers, loss of the eardrum and middle ear, bone fusions, and the presence of paravertebral plates and parotic plaque. However, no studies addressing the consequences of miniaturization on internal organs, such as the lungs and heart, are currently available. Thus, this study aimed to investigate if overall small body size has affected the cardiorespiratory system. We investigated, via dissections, individuals of four Brachycephaloidea species: Brachycephalus rotenbergae, B. pitanga, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, and Ischnocnema parva. We observed that B. rotenbergae and B. pitanga present a reduction of the atrial septum and absence of the carotid body. On the other hand, despite being a member of the sister genus to Brachycephalus (both genera belong to the Brachycephalidae), individuals of Ischnocnema present a heart with a complete septum and carotid body; this is also observed in E. johnstonei (Eleutherodactylidae). We observed that B. rotenbergae and B. pitanga have thin skin with a one to two cell thick germ layer, and their lungs likely exhibit lower blood supply when compared to individuals of the E. johnstonei and I. parva species. Based on the observed structures, we suggest that in species of Brachycephalus, respiration is performed mainly through the skin, and their lungs may have a reduced respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Santiago Carrasco-Medina
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sebben
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Hélio Ricardo da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raoni Rebouças
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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2
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Mari RDB, Mori GM, Vannucchi FS, Ribeiro LF, Correa CN, Lima SKS, Teixeira L, Sandretti‐Silva G, Nadaline J, Bornschein MR. Relationships of mineralized dermal layer of mountain endemic miniature frogs with climate. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. de B. Mari
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. M. Mori
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. S. Vannucchi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. F. Ribeiro
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - C. N. Correa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - S. K. S. Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - G. Sandretti‐Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - J. Nadaline
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - M. R. Bornschein
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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3
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Untangling the morphological contradiction: First ontogenetic description of the post-hatching skeleton of the direct-developing frog Brachycephalus garbeanus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae) with comments on the genus miniaturization. ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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4
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Blotto BL, Lyra ML, Cardoso MCS, Trefaut Rodrigues M, R Dias I, Marciano-Jr E, Dal Vechio F, Orrico VGD, Brandão RA, Lopes de Assis C, Lantyer-Silva ASF, Rutherford MG, Gagliardi-Urrutia G, Solé M, Baldo D, Nunes I, Cajade R, Torres A, Grant T, Jungfer KH, da Silva HR, Haddad CFB, Faivovich J. The phylogeny of the Casque-headed Treefrogs (Hylidae: Hylinae: Lophyohylini). Cladistics 2021; 37:36-72. [PMID: 34478174 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The South American and West Indian Casque-headed Treefrogs (Hylidae: Hylinae: Lophyohylini) include 85 species. These are notably diverse in morphology (e.g. disparate levels of cranial hyperossification) and life history (e.g. different reproductive modes, chemical defences), have a wide distribution, and occupy habitats from the tropical rainforests to semiarid scrubland. In this paper, we present a phylogenetic analysis of this hylid tribe based on sequence fragments of up to five mitochondrial (12S, 16S, ND1, COI, Cytb) and six nuclear genes (POMC, RAG-1, RHOD, SIAH, TNS3, TYR). We included most of its species (> 96%), in addition to a number of new species. Our results indicate: (i) the paraphyly of Trachycephalus with respect to Aparasphenodon venezolanus; (ii) the nonmonophyly of Aparasphenodon, with Argenteohyla siemersi, Corythomantis galeata and Nyctimantis rugiceps nested within it, and Ap. venezolanus nested within Trachycephalus; (iii) the polyphyly of Corythomantis; (iv) the nonmonophyly of the recognized species groups of Phyllodytes; and (v) a pervasive low support for the deep relationships among the major clades of Lophyohylini, including C. greeningi and the monotypic genera Itapotihyla and Phytotriades. To remedy the nonmonophyly of Aparasphenodon, Corythomantis, and Trachycephalus, we redefined Nyctimantis to include Aparasphenodon (with the exception of Ap. venezolanus, which we transferred to Trachycephalus), Argenteohyla, and C. galeata. Additionally, our results indicate the need for taxonomic work in the following clades: (i) Trachycephalus dibernardoi and Tr. imitatrix; (ii) Tr. atlas, Tr. mambaiensis and Tr. nigromaculatus; and (iii) Phyllodytes. On the basis of our phylogenetic results, we analyzed the evolution of skull hyperossification and reproductive biology, with emphasis on the multiple independent origins of phytotelm breeding, in the context of Anura. We also analyzed the inter-related aspects of chemical defences, venom delivery, phragmotic behaviour, co-ossification, and prevention of evaporative water loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris L Blotto
- Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana L Lyra
- Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica C S Cardoso
- Setor de Herpetologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iuri R Dias
- Tropical Herpetology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Euvaldo Marciano-Jr
- Tropical Herpetology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Francisco Dal Vechio
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor G D Orrico
- Tropical Herpetology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Reuber A Brandão
- Laboratório de Fauna e Unidades de Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Clodoaldo Lopes de Assis
- Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda S F Lantyer-Silva
- Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mike G Rutherford
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of The West Indies Zoology Museum, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 40, sala 110, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirco Solé
- Tropical Herpetology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genetica Evolutiva "Claudio Juan Bidau", Instituto de Biologıa Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Félix de Azara, 1552, CPA N3300LQF Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Ivan Nunes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus do Litoral Paulista, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cajade
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ambrosio Torres
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET - Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Taran Grant
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karl-Heinz Jungfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Integrated Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstr. 1, 56070, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Helio R da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 74524, 23851-970, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET, Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Folly M, de Luna‐Dias C, Miguel IR, Ferreira JC, Machado A, Tadeu Lopes R, Pombal JP. Tiny steps towards greater knowledge: An osteological review with novel data on the Atlantic Forest toadlets of the
Brachycephalus ephippium
species group. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Folly
- Departamento de Vertebrados Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Cyro de Luna‐Dias
- Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ingrid R. Miguel
- Departamento de Vertebrados Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Julio C. Ferreira
- Departamento de Vertebrados Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alessandra Machado
- Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós‐graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós‐graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - José P. Pombal
- Departamento de Vertebrados Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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6
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Deforel F, Duport-Bru AS, Rosset SD, Baldo D, Candioti FV. Osteological Atlas of Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae): A Synthesis after 150 Years of Skeletal Studies in the Genus. HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-20-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Deforel
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET - FML), 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Sergio Daniel Rosset
- Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio Juan Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET - UNaM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, 3300 Posadas, Argentina
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7
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Condez TH, Monteiro JP, Malagoli LR, Trevine VC, Schunck F, Garcia PC, Haddad CF. Notes on the Hyperossified Pumpkin Toadlets of the Genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the Description of a New Species. HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais H. Condez
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), 29.650–000, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Juliane P.C. Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506–900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leo R. Malagoli
- Fundação para a Conservação e a Produção Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo São Sebastião, 11600–000, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian C. Trevine
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503–900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Schunck
- Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos, www.cbro.org.br, 04785–040, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo C.A. Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, 31270–910, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célio F.B. Haddad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506–900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Nunes I, Guimarães CS, Moura PHAG, Pedrozo M, Moroti MDT, Castro LM, Stuginski DR, Muscat E. Hidden by the name: A new fluorescent pumpkin toadlet from the Brachycephalus ephippium group (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244812. [PMID: 33909613 PMCID: PMC8081201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Brachycephalus has been having taxonomical issues due its morphological similarity and genetic conservatism. Herein, we describe a new species of Brachycephalus from the south Mantiqueira mountain range and semidecidual forests in the municipalities of Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Jundiaí, state of São Paulo, Brazil, based on an integrative approach. It can be distinguished from all species of the B. ephippium species group based on morphological characters (especially osteology and head shape), advertisement call and divergence in partial mitochondrial DNA gene sequences (16S). The new species is genetically similar to B. margaritatus and morphologically similar to B. ephippium. It can be differentiated from B. ephippium by the presence of dark faded spots on skull and post-cranial plates, presence of black connective tissue connective tissue scattered over dorsal musculature, parotic plate morphology, smaller snout-vent length (adult SVL: males 13.46-15.92 mm; females 16.04-17.69 mm) and 3% genetic distance. We also present natural history data and discuss the robustness of the integrative approach, geographic distribution, genetic data, behaviour, fluorescence in ontogeny, and conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nunes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla S. Guimarães
- Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique A. G. Moura
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrozo
- Projeto Dacnis, São Francisco Xavier and Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Toledo Moroti
- Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Projeto Dacnis, São Francisco Xavier and Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro M. Castro
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edelcio Muscat
- Projeto Dacnis, São Francisco Xavier and Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Vera Candioti F, Goldberg J, Akmentins MS, Nogueira Costa P, Goulart Taucce PP, Pombal J. Skeleton in the closet: hidden diversity in patterns of cranial and postcranial ontogeny in Neotropical direct-developing frogs (Anura: Brachycephaloidea). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bardua C, Fabre A, Bon M, Das K, Stanley EL, Blackburn DC, Goswami A. Evolutionary integration of the frog cranium. Evolution 2020; 74:1200-1215. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bardua
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and EnvironmentUniversity College London London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Anne‐Claire Fabre
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Margot Bon
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Kalpana Das
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und Biodiversitätsforschung Berlin 10115 Germany
| | - Edward L. Stanley
- Department of HerpetologyFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32610
| | - David C. Blackburn
- Department of Natural HistoryFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
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11
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Laver RJ, Morales CH, Heinicke MP, Gamble T, Longoria K, Bauer AM, Daza JD. The development of cephalic armor in the tokay gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae:
Gekko gecko
). J Morphol 2019; 281:213-228. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Laver
- Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Cristian H. Morales
- Department of Biological Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas
- Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
| | - Matthew P. Heinicke
- Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan‐Dearborn Dearborn Michigan
| | - Tony Gamble
- Department of Biological Sciences Marquette University Milwaukee Wisconsin
- Milwaukee Public Museum Milwaukee Wisconsin
- Bell Museum of Natural History University of Minnesota Saint Paul Minnesota
| | - Kristin Longoria
- Department of Biological Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology Villanova University Villanova Pennsylvania
| | - Juan D. Daza
- Department of Biological Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas
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12
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Conservation Status of Brachycephalus Toadlets (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11090150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of described anurans has increased continuously, with many newly described species determined to be at risk. Most of these new species inhabit hotspots and are under threat of habitat loss, such as Brachycephalus, a genus of small toadlets that inhabits the litter of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Of 36 known species, 22 were described in the last decade, but only 11 have been assessed according to the IUCN Red List categories, with just one currently listed as Critically Endangered. All available data on occurrence, distribution, density, and threats to Brachycephalus were reviewed. The species extent of occurrence was estimated using the Minimum Convex Polygon method for species with three or more records and by delimiting continuous areas within the altitudinal range of species with up to two records. These data were integrated to assess the conservation status according to the IUCN criteria. Six species have been evaluated as Critically Endangered, five as Endangered, 10 as Vulnerable, five as Least Concern, and 10 as Data Deficient. Deforestation was the most common threat to imperiled Brachycephalus species. The official recognition of these categories might be more readily adopted if the microendemic nature of their geographical distribution is taken into account.
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13
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Bornschein MR, Ribeiro LF, Blackburn DC, Stanley EL, Pie MR. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2629. [PMID: 27812425 PMCID: PMC5088579 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) is described from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Nine specimens (eight adults and a juvenile) were collected from the leaf litter of montane forests 790-835 m above sea level (a.s.l.). The new species is a member of the pernix group by its bufoniform shape and the absence of dermal co-ossification and is distinguished from all its congeners by a combination of its general coloration (dorsal region of head, dorsum, legs, arms, and flanks light, brownish green to dark, olive green, with darker region in the middle of the dorsum and a white line along the vertebral column in most specimens) and by its smooth dorsum. The geographical distribution of the new species is highly reduced (extent of occurrence estimated as 25.04 ha, or possibly 34.37 ha). In addition, its habitat has experienced some level of degradation, raising concerns about the future conservation of the species. Preliminary density estimates suggest one calling individual every 3-4 m2 at 815-835 m a.s.l. and every 100 m2 at 790 m a.s.l. Together with the recently described B. boticario and B. fuscolineatus, the new species is among the southernmost species of Brachycephalus known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Bornschein
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil; Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Ribeiro
- Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - David C Blackburn
- University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Edward L Stanley
- University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Marcio R Pie
- Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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Bornschein MR, Firkowski CR, Belmonte-Lopes R, Corrêa L, Ribeiro LF, Morato SAA, Antoniazzi RL, Reinert BL, Meyer ALS, Cini FA, Pie MR. Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2490. [PMID: 27761312 PMCID: PMC5068354 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountains of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest can act as islands of cold and wet climate, leading to the isolation and speciation of species with low dispersal capacity, such as the toadlet species of the genus Brachycephalus. This genus is composed primarily by diurnal species, with miniaturized body sizes (<2.5 cm), inhabiting microhabitats in the leaf litter of montane forests. Still, little is known about the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, and ecological limits of most Brachycephalus species. In this study, we review the available data on the geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus based on occurrence records compiled from literature and museums, both for the genus as a whole and separately for the three recently proposed groups of species (ephippium, didactylus, and pernix). The final ensemble dataset comprised 333 records, 120 localities, 28 described species, and six undescribed ones. Species were recorded in six relief units, the richest of which being the Serra do Mar, with 30 species. When the Serra do Mar is subdivided into three subunits, Northern, Central and Southern Serra do Mar, the number of species increase from north to the south, with records of six, nine, and 16 species, respectively. We were able to estimate the extent of occurrence of nearly half of the described species, and the resulting estimates indicate that many of them show remarkably small ranges, some of which less than 50 ha. Brachycephalus species are present from sea level to roughly 1,900 m a.s.l., with the highest richness being found between 751 and 1,000 m a.s.l. (21 spp.). The species with the broadest altitudinal range were B. didactylus (1,075 m) and Brachycephalus sp. 1 (1,035 m), both in the didactylus group, and B. ephippium (1,050 m), of the ephippium group. The broadest altitudinal amplitude for species of the pernix group was recorded for B. brunneus (535 m). The lowest altitudinal records for the pernix group were at 845 m a.s.l. in the state of Paraná and at 455 m a.s.l. in the state of Santa Catarina. The altitudinal occurrence in the pernixspecies group seems to decrease southward. Syntopy between species is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Bornschein
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil; Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carina R Firkowski
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Belmonte-Lopes
- Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leandro Corrêa
- Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Luiz F Ribeiro
- Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Escola de Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca L Reinert
- Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andreas L S Meyer
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Marcio R Pie
- Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Fabrezi M, Quinzio SI, Goldberg J, Cruz JC, Pereyra MC, Wassersug RJ. Developmental changes and novelties in ceratophryid frogs. EvoDevo 2016; 7:5. [PMID: 26925212 PMCID: PMC4769514 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-016-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical frog genera Ceratophrys, Chacophrys and Lepidobatrachus form the monophyletic family Ceratophryidae. Although in- and out-group relationships are not fully resolved, the monophyly of the three genera is well supported by both morphological and molecular data. Much is known about the morphology of the ceratophryids, but there is little comparative information on how modification of a common ancestral developmental pathway played a role in shaping their particular body plans. Herein, we review morphological variation during ceratophryid ontogeny in order to explore the role of development in their evolution. The ceratophryids are collectively characterized by rapid larval development with respect to other anurans, yet the three genera differ in their postmetamorphic growth rates to sexual maturity. Derived traits in the group can be divided into many homoplastic features that evolved in parallel with those of anurans with fossorial/burrowing behaviors in semiarid environments, and apomorphies. Morphological novelties have evolved in their feeding mechanism, which makes them capable of feeding on exceptional large prey. Lepidobatrachus is unusual in having reduced the ecomorphological differences between its larvae and adults. As a result, both the larvae and the frog are similarly able to capture large prey underwater. Some unique features in Lepidobatrachus are differentiated in the tadpole and then exaggerated in the adult (e.g., the posterior displaced jaw articulation) in a manner unobserved in any other anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Fabrezi
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Quinzio
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Javier Goldberg
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Julio César Cruz
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Mariana Chuliver Pereyra
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
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Condez TH, Clemente-Carvalho RBG, Haddad CFB, dos Reis SF. A New Species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. HERPETOLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-13-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais H. Condez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Rute B. G. Clemente-Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Célio F. B. Haddad
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio F. dos Reis
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Alcalde L, Basso NG. Old and new hypotheses about the homology of the compound bones from the cheek and otico-occipital regions of the anuran skull. ZOOLOGY 2013; 116:232-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quinzio S, Fabrezi M. Ontogenetic and Structural Variation of Mineralizations and Ossifications in the Integument within Ceratophryid Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:2089-103. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morphological and Molecular Variation in the Pumpkin Toadlet, Brachycephalus ephippium (Anura: Brachycephalidae). J HERPETOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1670/09-164.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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