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Abstract
Temporality is one of the criteria that Birch has advanced for areas of cognitive ability that may underlie animal sentience. An ability to integrate and use information across time must be more than simply learning pieces of information and retrieving them. This paper looks at such wider use of information by octopuses across time. It evaluates accumulation of information about one’s place in space, as used across immediate egocentric localization by cuttlefish and medium distance navigation in octopuses. Information about useful items in the environment can be incorporated for future use by octopuses, including for shelter in antipredator situations. Finding prey is not random but can be predicted by environmental cues, especially by cuttlefish about future contingencies. Finally, the paper examines unlimited associative learning and constraints on learning, and the ability of cephalopods to explore and seek out information, even by play, for future use.
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Lima FD, Strugnell JM, Leite TS, Lima SM. A biogeographic framework of octopod species diversification: the role of the Isthmus of Panama. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8691. [PMID: 32257633 PMCID: PMC7104719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The uplift of the Isthmus of Panama (IP) created a land bridge between Central and South America and caused the separation of the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific oceans, resulting in profound changes in the environmental and oceanographic conditions. To evaluate how these changes have influenced speciation processes in octopods, fragments of two mitochondrial (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI and 16S rDNA) and two nuclear (Rhodopsin and Elongation Factor-1α, EF-1α) genes were amplified from samples from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. One biogeographical and four fossil calibration priors were used within a relaxed Bayesian phylogenetic analysis framework to estimate divergence times among cladogenic events. Reconstruction of the ancestral states in phylogenies was used to infer historical biogeography of the lineages and species dispersal routes. The results revealed three well-supported clades of transisthmian octopus sister species pair/complex (TSSP/TSSC) and two additional clades showing a low probability of species diversification, having been influenced by the IP. Divergence times estimated in the present study revealed that octopod TSSP/TSSC from the Atlantic and Pacific diverged between the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene (mean range = 5-18 Ma). Given that oceanographic changes caused by the uplift of the IP were so strong as to affect the global climate, we suggest that octopod TSSP/TSSC diverged because of these physical and environmental barriers, even before the complete uplift of the IP 3 Ma, proposed by the Late Pliocene model. The results obtained in this phylogenetic reconstruction also indicate that the octopus species pairs in each ocean share a recent common ancestor from the Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise D. Lima
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jan M. Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tatiana S. Leite
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sergio M.Q. Lima
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Van Nieuwenhove AHM, Ratsimbazafy HA, Kochzius M. Cryptic diversity and limited connectivity in octopuses: Recommendations for fisheries management. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214748. [PMID: 31083669 PMCID: PMC6513052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The market demand for octopus grows each year, but landings are decreasing, and prices are rising. The present study investigated (1) diversity of Octopodidae in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and (2) connectivity and genetic structure of Octopus cyanea and O. vulgaris populations in order to obtain baseline data for management plans. A fragment of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was sequenced in 275 octopus individuals from Madagascar, Kenya and Tanzania. In addition, 41 sequences of O. vulgaris from South Africa, Brazil, Amsterdam Island, Tristan da Cunha, Senegal and Galicia were retrieved from databases and included in this study. Five different species were identified using DNA barcoding, with first records for O. oliveri and Callistoctopus luteus in the WIO. For O. cyanea (n = 229, 563 bp), 22 haplotypes were found, forming one haplogroup. AMOVA revealed shallow but significant genetic population structure among all sites (ϕST = 0.025, p = 0.02), with significant differentiation among: (1) Kanamai, (2) southern Kenya, Tanzania, North and West Madagascar, (3) Southwest Madagascar and (4) East Madagascar (ϕCT = 0.035, p = 0.017). For O. vulgaris (n = 71, 482 bp), 15 haplotypes were identified, forming three haplogroups. A significant genetic population structure was found among all sites (ϕST = 0.82, p ≤ 0.01). Based on pairwise ϕST-values and hierarchical AMOVAs, populations of O. vulgaris could be grouped as follows: (1) Brazil, (2) Madagascar and (3) all other sites. A significant increase in genetic distance with increasing geographic distance was found (Z = 232443, 81 r = 0.36, p = 0.039). These results indicate that for O. cyanea four regions should be considered as separate management units in the WIO. The very divergent haplogroups in O. vulgaris from Brazil and Madagascar might be evolving towards speciation and therefore should be considered as separate species in FAO statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Kochzius
- Marine Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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González-Gómez R, Barriga-Sosa IDLA, Pliego-Cárdenas R, Jiménez-Badillo L, Markaida U, Meiners-Mandujano C, Morillo-Velarde PS. An integrative taxonomic approach reveals Octopus insularis as the dominant species in the Veracruz Reef System (southwestern Gulf of Mexico). PeerJ 2018; 6:e6015. [PMID: 30564516 PMCID: PMC6286802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common octopus of the Veracruz Reef System (VRS, southwestern Gulf of Mexico) has historically been considered as Octopus vulgaris, and yet, to date, no study including both morphological and genetic data has tested that assumption. To assess this matter, 52 octopuses were sampled in different reefs within the VRS to determine the taxonomic identity of this commercially valuable species using an integrative taxonomic approach through both morphological and genetic analyses. Morphological and genetic data confirmed that the common octopus of the VRS is not O. vulgaris and determined that it is, in fact, the recently described O. insularis. Morphological measurements, counts, indices, and other characteristics such as specific colour patterns, closely matched what had been reported for O. insularis in Brazil. In addition, sequences from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (r16S) mitochondrial genes confirmed that the common octopus from the VRS is in the same highly supported clade as O. insularis from Brazil. Genetic distances of both mitochondrial genes as well as of cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COIII) and novel nuclear rhodopsin sequences for the species, also confirmed this finding (0-0.8%). We discuss our findings in the light of the recent reports of octopus species misidentifications involving the members of the 'O. vulgaris species complex' and underscore the need for more morphological studies regarding this group to properly address the management of these commercially valuable and similar taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto González-Gómez
- Posgrado en Ecología y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México.,Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Ricardo Pliego-Cárdenas
- División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lourdes Jiménez-Badillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México
| | - Unai Markaida
- Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (CONACyT), Lerma, Campeche, México
| | - César Meiners-Mandujano
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México
| | - Piedad S Morillo-Velarde
- CONACyT- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México
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Caldwell RL, Ross R, Rodaniche A, Huffard CL. Behavior and Body Patterns of the Larger Pacific Striped Octopus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134152. [PMID: 26266543 PMCID: PMC4534201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thirty years ago anecdotal accounts of the undescribed Larger Pacific Striped Octopus suggested behaviors previously unknown for octopuses. Beak-to-beak mating, dens shared by mating pairs, inking during mating and extended spawning were mentioned in publications, and enticed generations of cephalopod biologists. In 2012-2014 we were able to obtain several live specimens of this species, which remains without a formal description. All of the unique behaviors listed above were observed for animals in aquaria and are discussed here. We describe the behavior, body color patterns, and postures of 24 adults maintained in captivity. Chromatophore patterns of hatchlings are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy L. Caldwell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720–3140, United States of America
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Ross
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Arcadio Rodaniche
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panamá, Rep. of Panamá
| | - Christine L. Huffard
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
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Huffard CL, Bartick M. WildWunderpus photogenicusandOctopus cyaneaemploy asphyxiating ‘constricting’ in interactions with other octopuses. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2014.909558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ylitalo HA, Watling L, Toonen RJ. First description of hatchlings and eggs ofOctopus oliveri(Berry, 1914) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae). MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2013.860871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zheng X, Lin X, Lu C, Ma R. A new species ofCistopusGray, 1849 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the East and South China Seas and phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrialCOIgene. J NAT HIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.639964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Rivera G, Stayton CT. Finite element modeling of shell shape in the freshwater turtle Pseudemys concinna reveals a trade-off between mechanical strength and hydrodynamic efficiency. J Morphol 2011; 272:1192-203. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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