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Fraimout A, Guillaume F, Li Z, Sillanpää MJ, Rastas P, Merilä J. Dissecting the genetic architecture of quantitative traits using genome-wide identity-by-descent sharing. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17299. [PMID: 38380534 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Additive and dominance genetic variances underlying the expression of quantitative traits are important quantities for predicting short-term responses to selection, but they are notoriously challenging to estimate in most non-model wild populations. Specifically, large-sized or panmictic populations may be characterized by low variance in genetic relatedness among individuals which, in turn, can prevent accurate estimation of quantitative genetic parameters. We used estimates of genome-wide identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing from autosomal SNP loci to estimate quantitative genetic parameters for ecologically important traits in nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) from a large, outbred population. Using empirical and simulated datasets, with varying sample sizes and pedigree complexity, we assessed the performance of different crossing schemes in estimating additive genetic variance and heritability for all traits. We found that low variance in relatedness characteristic of wild outbred populations with high migration rate can impair the estimation of quantitative genetic parameters and bias heritability estimates downwards. On the other hand, the use of a half-sib/full-sib design allowed precise estimation of genetic variance components and revealed significant additive variance and heritability for all measured traits, with negligible dominance contributions. Genome-partitioning and QTL mapping analyses revealed that most traits had a polygenic basis and were controlled by genes at multiple chromosomes. Furthermore, different QTL contributed to variation in the same traits in different populations suggesting heterogeneous underpinnings of parallel evolution at the phenotypic level. Our results provide important guidelines for future studies aimed at estimating adaptive potential in the wild, particularly for those conducted in outbred large-sized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fraimout
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zitong Li
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko J Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Fraimout A, Päiviö E, Merilä J. Relaxed risk of predation drives parallel evolution of stickleback behavior. Evolution 2022; 76:2712-2723. [PMID: 36117280 PMCID: PMC9827860 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of similar phenotypes in multiple independent populations derived from common ancestral conditions (viz. parallel evolution) is a testimony of evolution by natural selection. Parallel evolution implies that populations share a common phenotypic response to a common selection pressure associated with habitat similarity. Examples of parallel evolution at genetic and phenotypic levels are fairly common, but the driving selective agents often remain elusive. Similarly, the role of phenotypic plasticity in facilitating early stages of parallel evolution is unclear. We investigated whether the relaxation of predation pressure associated with the colonization of freshwater ponds by nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) likely explains the divergence in complex behaviors between marine and pond populations, and whether this divergence is parallel. Using laboratory-raised individuals exposed to different levels of perceived predation risk, we calculated vectors of phenotypic divergence for four behavioral traits between habitats and predation risk treatments. We found a significant correlation between the directions of evolutionary divergence and phenotypic plasticity, suggesting that divergence in behavior between habitats is aligned with the response to relaxation of predation pressure. Finally, we show alignment across multiple pairs of populations, and that relaxation of predation pressure has likely driven parallel evolution of behavior in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fraimout
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland,Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Elisa Päiviö
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland,Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
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3
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Fraimout A, Li Z, Sillanpää MJ, Merilä J. Age-dependent genetic architecture across ontogeny of body size in sticklebacks. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220352. [PMID: 35582807 PMCID: PMC9118060 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable variation in traits under natural selection is a prerequisite for evolutionary response. While it is recognized that trait heritability may vary spatially and temporally depending on which environmental conditions traits are expressed under, less is known about the possibility that genetic variance contributing to the expected selection response in a given trait may vary at different stages of ontogeny. Specifically, whether different loci underlie the expression of a trait throughout development and thus providing an additional source of variation for selection to act on in the wild, is unclear. Here we show that body size, an important life-history trait, is heritable throughout ontogeny in the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). Nevertheless, both analyses of quantitative trait loci and genetic correlations across ages show that different chromosomes/loci contribute to this heritability in different ontogenic time-points. This suggests that body size can respond to selection at different stages of ontogeny but that this response is determined by different loci at different points of development. Hence, our study provides important results regarding our understanding of the genetics of ontogeny and opens an interesting avenue of research for studying age-specific genetic architecture as a source of non-parallel evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fraimout
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Zitong Li
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mikko J Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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4
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Thompson KA, Urquhart-Cronish M, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH, Schluter D. Patterns, Predictors, and Consequences of Dominance in Hybrids. Am Nat 2021; 197:E72-E88. [PMID: 33625966 DOI: 10.1086/712603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCompared to those of their parents, are the traits of first-generation (F1) hybrids typically intermediate, biased toward one parent, or mismatched for alternative parental phenotypes? To address this empirical gap, we compiled data from 233 crosses in which traits were measured in a common environment for two parent taxa and their F1 hybrids. We find that individual traits in F1s are halfway between the parental midpoint and one parental value. Considering pairs of traits together, a hybrid's bivariate phenotype tends to resemble one parent (parent bias) about 50% more than the other, while also exhibiting a similar magnitude of mismatch due to different traits having dominance in conflicting directions. Using data from an experimental field planting of recombinant hybrid sunflowers, we illustrate that parent bias improves fitness, whereas mismatch reduces fitness. Our study has three major conclusions. First, hybrids are not phenotypically intermediate but rather exhibit substantial mismatch. Second, dominance is likely determined by the idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories of individual traits and populations. Finally, selection against hybrids likely results from selection against both intermediate and mismatched phenotypes.
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5
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Heins DC. Life History Variation Within and Among Populations of the Ninespine Stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) in Alaska: Lake-Stream Contrasts. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-182.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Heins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
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6
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Thorn MW, Morbey YE. Egg size and the adaptive capacity of early life history traits in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Evol Appl 2018; 11:205-219. [PMID: 29387156 PMCID: PMC5775492 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring traits are greatly influenced by maternal effects, and these maternal effects may provide an important pathway through which populations can adapt to changing thermal environments. We investigated the effect of egg size on the among- and within-population variation in early life history traits among introduced Great Lakes Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations under varying thermal conditions. We reared Chinook salmon from three populations in a common-garden hatchery study at 6.5, 9.4, and 15.2°C and measured a variety of fitness-related traits during development. We found that most of the among-population variation in early life history traits was explained by egg size. However, the contribution of egg size to the among-population variation decreased with an increase in temperature suggesting that other effects, such as genetic, contribute at high temperature. Within populations, egg size explained much of the dam variance and maternal effect for traits in every temperature, whereas egg size generally had little to no influence on the sire variance and heritability. Overall, our results demonstrate the significant contribution egg size makes to shaping early life history phenotypes among and within populations, and suggest that egg size is an important pathway through which offspring phenotypes can evolve on contemporary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Thorn
- Department of Biology University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Yolanda E Morbey
- Department of Biology University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
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7
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Vrtílek M, Reichard M. Female fecundity traits in wild populations of African annual fish: the role of the aridity gradient. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5921-31. [PMID: 27547365 PMCID: PMC4983602 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of life history is shaped by life expectancy. Life-history traits coevolve, and optimal states for particular traits are constrained by trade-offs with other life-history traits. Life histories contrast among species, but may also diverge intraspecifically, at the level of populations. We studied the evolution of female reproductive allocation strategy, using natural populations of two sympatric species of African annual fishes, Nothobranchius furzeri and Nothobranchius orthonotus. These species inhabit pools in the Mozambican savanna that are formed in the rainy season and persist for only 2-10 months. Using 207 female N. furzeri from 11 populations and 243 female N. orthonotus from 14 populations, we tested the effects of genetic background (intraspecific lineage) and life expectancy (position on the aridity gradient determining maximum duration of their temporary habitat) on female fecundity traits. First, we found that variation in female body mass was small within populations, but varied considerably among populations. Second, we found that fecundity was largely defined by female body mass and that females spawned most of their eggs in the morning. Third, we found that the trade-off between egg size and egg number varied among lineages of N. furzeri and this outcome has been confirmed by data from two separate years. Overall, we demonstrate that local conditions were important determinants for Nothobranchius growth and fecundity and that eggs size in arid region was less limited by female fecundity than in humid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrnoCzech Republic
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8
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Quantitative trait locus analysis of body shape divergence in nine-spined sticklebacks based on high-density SNP-panel. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26632. [PMID: 27226078 PMCID: PMC4880927 DOI: 10.1038/srep26632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable phenotypic differences between populations, caused by the selective effects of distinct environmental conditions, are of commonplace occurrence in nature. However, the actual genomic targets of this kind of selection are still poorly understood. We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping study to identify genomic regions responsible for morphometric differentiation between genetically and phenotypically divergent marine and freshwater nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) populations. Using a dense panel of SNP-markers obtained by restriction site associated DNA sequencing of an F2 recombinant cross, we found 22 QTL that explained 3.5-12.9% of phenotypic variance in the traits under investigation. We detected one fairly large-effect (PVE = 9.6%) QTL for caudal peduncle length-a trait with a well-established adaptive function showing clear differentiation among marine and freshwater populations. We also identified two large-effect QTL for lateral plate numbers, which are different from the lateral plate QTL reported in earlier studies of this and related species. Hence, apart from identifying several large-effect QTL in shape traits showing adaptive differentiation in response to different environmental conditions, the results suggest intra- and interspecific heterogeneity in the genomic basis of lateral plate number variation.
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9
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Bowles E, Johnston RA, Vanderzwan SL, Rogers SM. Genetic basis for body size variation between an anadromous and two derived lacustrine populations of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in southwest Alaska. Curr Zool 2016; 62:71-78. [PMID: 29491893 PMCID: PMC5804130 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zov007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size is a highly variable trait among geographically separated populations. Size-assortative reproductive isolation has been linked to recent adaptive radiations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) into freshwater, but the genetic basis of the commonly found size difference between anadromous and derived lacustrine sticklebacks has not been tested. We studied the genetic basis of size differences between recently diverging stickleback lineages in southwest Alaska using a common environment experiment. We crossed stickleback within one anadromous (Naknek River) and one lake (Pringle Lake) population and between the anadromous and two lake populations (Pringle and JoJo Lakes), and raised them in a salinity of 4–6 ppt. The F1 anadromous and freshwater forms differed significantly in size, whereas hybrids were intermediate or exhibited dominance toward the anadromous form. Additionally, the size of freshwater F1s differed from their wild counterparts, with within-population F1s from Pringle Lake growing larger than their wild counterparts, while there was no size difference between lab-raised and wild anadromous fish. Sexual dimorphism was always present in anadromous fish, but not in freshwater, and not always in the hybrid crosses. These results, along with parallel changes among anadromous and freshwater forms in other regions, suggest that this heritable trait is both plastic and may be under divergent and/or sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Bowles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Johnston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stevi L Vanderzwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sean M Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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10
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Effects of Large-Scale Releases on the Genetic Structure of Red Sea Bream (Pagrus major, Temminck et Schlegel) Populations in Japan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125743. [PMID: 25993089 PMCID: PMC4439072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale hatchery releases are carried out for many marine fish species worldwide; nevertheless, the long-term effects of this practice on the genetic structure of natural populations remains unclear. The lack of knowledge is especially evident when independent stock enhancement programs are conducted simultaneously on the same species at different geographical locations, as occurs with red sea bream (Pagrus major, Temminck et Schlegel) in Japan. In this study, we examined the putative effects of intensive offspring releases on the genetic structure of red sea bream populations along the Japanese archipelago by genotyping 848 fish at fifteen microsatellite loci. Our results suggests weak but consistent patterns of genetic divergence (FST = 0.002, p < 0.001). Red sea bream in Japan appeared spatially structured with several patches of distinct allelic composition, which corresponded to areas receiving an important influx of fish of hatchery origin, either released intentionally or from unintentional escapees from aquaculture operations. In addition to impacts upon local populations inhabiting semi-enclosed embayments, large-scale releases (either intentionally or from unintentional escapes) appeared also to have perturbed genetic structure in open areas. Hence, results of the present study suggest that independent large-scale marine stock enhancement programs conducted simultaneously on one species at different geographical locations may compromise native genetic structure and lead to patchy patterns in population genetic structure.
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11
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Ab Ghani NI, Merilä J. Population divergence in compensatory growth responses and their costs in sticklebacks. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:7-23. [PMID: 25628860 PMCID: PMC4298429 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG) may be an adaptive mechanism that helps to restore an organisms’ growth trajectory and adult size from deviations caused by early life resource limitation. Yet, few studies have investigated the genetic basis of CG potential and existence of genetically based population differentiation in CG potential. We studied population differentiation, genetic basis, and costs of CG potential in nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) differing in their normal growth patterns. As selection favors large body size in pond and small body size in marine populations, we expected CG to occur in the pond but not in the marine population. By manipulating feeding conditions (viz. high, low and recovery feeding treatments), we found clear evidence for CG in the pond but not in the marine population, as well as evidence for catch-up growth (i.e., size compensation without growth acceleration) in both populations. In the marine population, overcompensation occurred individuals from the recovery treatment grew eventually larger than those from the high feeding treatment. In both populations, the recovery feeding treatment reduced maturation probability. The recovery feeding treatment also reduced survival probability in the marine but not in the pond population. Analysis of interpopulation hybrids further suggested that both genetic and maternal effects contributed to the population differences in CG. Hence, apart from demonstrating intrinsic costs for recovery growth, both genetic and maternal effects were identified to be important modulators of CG responses. The results provide an evidence for adaptive differentiation in recovery growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izza Ab Ghani
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki PO Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland ; Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki PO Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Van Leeuwen TE, McLennan D, McKelvey S, Stewart DC, Adams CE, Metcalfe NB. The association between parental life history and offspring phenotype. J Exp Biol 2015; 219:374-82. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In many taxa there is considerable intraspecific variation in life-history strategies from within a single population, reflecting alternative routes through which organisms can achieve successful reproduction. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Linnaeus) show some of the greatest within-population variability in life history strategies amongst vertebrates, with multiple discrete male and female life histories co-existing and interbreeding on many spawning grounds, although the effect of the various combinations of life histories on offspring traits remains unknown. Using crosses of wild fish we show here that the life history strategy of both parents was significantly associated with a range of offspring traits. Mothers that had spent longer at sea (two versus one year) produced offspring which were heavier, longer and in better condition at the time of first feeding. However, these relationships disappeared shortly after fry had begun feeding exogenously. At this stage, the juvenile rearing environment (i.e. time spent in fresh water as juveniles) of the mother was a better predictor of offspring traits, with mothers that were faster to develop in fresh water (migrating to sea after two rather than three years of age) producing offspring that had higher maximal metabolic rates, aerobic scopes, and that grew faster. Faster developing fathers (1 year old sneaker males) tended to produce offspring that had higher maximal metabolic rates, were in better body condition and grew faster. The results suggest that both genetic effects and those related to parental early and late life history contribute to offspring traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Van Leeuwen
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, IBAHCM, Rowardennan, Loch Lomond, Glasgow G63 0AW, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Darryl McLennan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon McKelvey
- Cromarty Firth Fishery Board, CKD Galbraith, Reay House, 17 Old Edinburgh Rd, Inverness IV2 3HF, UK
| | - David C. Stewart
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Pitlochry, Perthshire, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - Colin E. Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, IBAHCM, Rowardennan, Loch Lomond, Glasgow G63 0AW, UK
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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13
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DeFaveri J, Shikano T, Merilä J. Geographic variation in age structure and longevity in the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102660. [PMID: 25025183 PMCID: PMC4099423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in age and size of mature nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) within and among 16 Fennoscandian populations were assessed using skeletochronology. The average age of individuals in a given population varied from 1.7 to 4.7 years. Fish from pond populations were on average older than those from lake and marine populations, and females tended to be older than males. Reproduction in marine and lake populations commenced typically at an age of two years, whereas that in ponds at an age of three years. The maximum life span of the fish varied from 3 to 7 years. Mean body size within and among populations increased with increasing age, but the habitat and population differences in body size persisted even after accounting for variation in population age (and sex) structure. Hence, the population differences in mean body size are not explainable by age differences alone. As such, much of the pronounced intraspecific variation in population age structure can be attributed to delayed maturation and extended longevity of the pond fish. The results are contrasted and discussed in the context of similar data from the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) occupying the same geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelin DeFaveri
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takahito Shikano
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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14
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Loginov VV, Klevakin AA, Moreva OA, Tarbeyev ML, Bayanov NG, Darsia NA. The morphological characteristics and feeding of Nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius Linnaeus, 1758) in the basin of the Cheboksary reservoir. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s2075111714030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Minards NA, Trewick SA, Godfrey AJR, Morgan-Richards M. Convergent local adaptation in size and growth rate but not metabolic rate in a pair of parapatric Orthoptera species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki A. Minards
- Phoenix lab, Ecology Group; IAE; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Phoenix lab, Ecology Group; IAE; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Phoenix lab, Ecology Group; IAE; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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16
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Herczeg G, Välimäki K, Gonda A, Merilä J. Evidence for sex-specific selection in brain: a case study of the nine-spined stickleback. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1604-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. Välimäki
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Monitoring Team; Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - A. Gonda
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - J. Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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17
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Nespolo RF, Bartheld JL, González A, Bruning A, Roff DA, Bacigalupe LD, Gaitán‐Espitia JD. The quantitative genetics of physiological and morphological traits in an invasive terrestrial snail: additive vs. non‐additive genetic variation. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F. Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - José L. Bartheld
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Avia González
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Andrea Bruning
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Derek A. Roff
- Department of Biology University of California Riverside CaliforniaUSA
| | - Leonardo D. Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Juan D. Gaitán‐Espitia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
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18
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Laine VN, Herczeg G, Shikano T, Vilkki J, Merilä J. QTL analysis of behavior in nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius). Behav Genet 2013; 44:77-88. [PMID: 24190427 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-013-9624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of behavioral traits is yet relatively poorly understood in most non-model organisms. Using an F2-intercross (n = 283 offspring) between behaviorally divergent nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) populations, we tested for and explored the genetic basis of different behavioral traits with the aid of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses based on 226 microsatellite markers. The behaviors were analyzed both separately (viz. feeding activity, risk-taking and exploration) and combined in order to map composite behavioral type. Two significant QTL-explaining on average 6 % of the phenotypic variance-were detected for composite behavioral type on the experiment-wide level, located on linkage groups 3 and 8. In addition, several suggestive QTL located on six other linkage groups were detected on the chromosome-wide level. Apart from providing evidence for the genetic basis of behavioral variation, the results provide a good starting point for finer-scale analyses of genetic factors influencing behavioral variation in the nine-spined stickleback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika N Laine
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland,
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19
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Laine VN, Shikano T, Herczeg G, Vilkki J, Merilä J. Quantitative trait loci for growth and body size in the nine-spined sticklebackPungitius pungitiusL. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5861-76. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika N. Laine
- Division of Genetics and Physiology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku 20014 Finland
| | - Takahito Shikano
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki PO Box 65 00014 Finland
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki PO Box 65 00014 Finland
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki PO Box 65 00014 Finland
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20
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Karhunen M, Ovaskainen O, Herczeg G, Merilä J. BRINGING HABITAT INFORMATION INTO STATISTICAL TESTS OF LOCAL ADAPTATION IN QUANTITATIVE TRAITS: A CASE STUDY OF NINE-SPINED STICKLEBACKS. Evolution 2013; 68:559-68. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Karhunen
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65, FI-00014 Finland
| | - O. Ovaskainen
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65, FI-00014 Finland
| | - G. Herczeg
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65, FI-00014 Finland
- Current Address: Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, H-1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - J. Merilä
- Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65, FI-00014 Finland
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21
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Merilä J. Nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius): an emerging model for evolutionary biology research. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1289:18-35. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
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22
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Herczeg G, Ab Ghani NI, Merilä J. Evolution of stickleback feeding behaviour: genetics of population divergence at different ontogenetic stages. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:955-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Herczeg
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
| | - N. I. Ab Ghani
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - J. Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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23
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Ghani NIA, Herczeg G, Leinonen T, Merilä J. Evidence for genetic differentiation in timing of maturation among nine-spined stickleback populations. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:775-82. [PMID: 23441985 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Timing of maturation is an important life-history trait that is likely to be subjected to strong natural selection. Although population differences in timing of maturation have been frequently reported in studies of wild animal populations, little is known about the genetic basis of this differentiation. Here, we investigated population and sex differences in timing of maturation within and between two nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) populations in a laboratory breeding experiment. We found that fish from the high-predation marine population matured earlier than fish from the low-predation pond population and males matured earlier than females. Timing of maturation in both reciprocal hybrid crosses between the two populations was similar to that in the marine population, suggesting that early timing of maturation is a dominant trait, whereas delayed timing of maturation in the pond is a recessive trait. Thus, the observed population divergence is suggestive of strong natural selection against early maturation in the piscine-predator-free pond population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I A Ghani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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