1
|
Bellinger BJ, Cook MI, Hagerthey SE, Newman S, Kobza RM. Lipid Composition Differences of Periphyton, Crustaceans, and Small Fishes in Response to Eutrophication and Management in the Florida Everglades, USA. Lipids 2020; 56:31-47. [PMID: 32777095 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eutrophication of the Florida Everglades, USA, has altered the characteristics of the ecosystem, but management strategies are being implemented to accelerate recovery. In this study, we described lipid compositional similarities and differences between periphyton, fish, and crustaceans, and explored if eutrophication and creation of new open-water sloughs in phosphorus (P)-impacted regions of a Northern Everglades impoundment resulted in changes in periphyton biomass and lipid composition, and the lipid composition of a ubiquitous omnivore, Gambusia holbrooki. Lipid biomarker analysis provided insight into microbial community composition, quality of basal resources, and potential resources utilized by consumers. Periphyton biomass and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition differed in response to eutrophication, but not between P-impacted control and treatment plots. Shifts in relative abundances of lipids indicative of diatoms and green algae mirrored known taxonomic shifts due to eutrophication. For fauna, PLFA were a small and relatively distinct component of the overall total lipid make-up, and profiles were similar between control and treatment plots. However, the PLFA profile of G. holbrooki differed between oligotrophic and eutrophic regions. Fish and crustacean lipids contained significantly greater relative abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acids than were found in periphyton, and profiles differed between fish and crustaceans, suggesting organisms were selectively accumulating or elongating and desaturating lipids de novo, to meet physiological needs. This study builds on findings of microbial responses to eutrophication and recent observations that consumer PLFA profiles can also shift with P-enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Bellinger
- City of Austin, Watershed Protection Department, 505 Barton Springs Rd. 11th floor, Austin, TX, 78704, USA
| | - Mark I Cook
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Rd. West Palm Beach, FL, 33406, USA
| | - Scot E Hagerthey
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Ecosystem Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC, 20460, USA
| | - Susan Newman
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Rd. West Palm Beach, FL, 33406, USA
| | - Robert M Kobza
- Boulder County, Parks and Open Space Department, 5201 St. Vrain Rd., Longmont, CO, 80503, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Modzelewska-Kapituła M, Pietrzak-Fiećko R, Zakęś Z, Szczepkowski M. Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition and Technological Properties of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Fillets: The Effects of Fish Origin and Sex. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1390516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła
- Department of Industrial Commodity, Basics of Techniques and Energy Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko
- Department of Commodities and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Zakęś
- Department of Aquaculture, Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mirosław Szczepkowski
- Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Pieczarki, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in chordates: Insights into the evolution of Fads and Elovl gene repertoire. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:25-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
4
|
Kuah MK, Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC. The capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a carnivorous vertebrate: Functional characterisation and nutritional regulation of a Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity and an Elovl5 elongase in striped snakehead (Channa striata). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:248-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
5
|
Carmona-Antoñanzas G, Tocher DR, Taggart JB, Leaver MJ. An evolutionary perspective on Elovl5 fatty acid elongase: comparison of Northern pike and duplicated paralogs from Atlantic salmon. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:85. [PMID: 23597093 PMCID: PMC3637385 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to produce physiologically critical LC-PUFA from dietary fatty acids differs greatly among teleost species, and is dependent on the possession and expression of fatty acyl desaturase and elongase genes. Atlantic salmon, as a result of a recently duplicated genome, have more of these enzymes than other fish. Recent phylogenetic studies show that Northern pike represents the closest extant relative of the preduplicated ancestral salmonid. Here we characterise a pike fatty acyl elongase, elovl5, and compare it to Atlantic salmon elovl5a and elovl5b duplicates. Results Phylogenetic analyses show that Atlantic salmon paralogs are evolving symmetrically, and they have been retained in the genome by purifying selection. Heterologous expression in yeast showed that Northern pike Elovl5 activity is indistinguishable from that of the salmon paralogs, efficiently elongating C18 and C20 substrates. However, in contrast to salmon, pike elovl5 was predominantly expressed in brain with negligible expression in liver and intestine. Conclusions We suggest that the predominant expression of Elovl5b in salmon liver and Elovl5a in salmon intestine is an adaptation, enabled by genome duplication, to a diet rich in terrestrial invertebrates which are relatively poor in LC-PUFA. Pike have retained an ancestral expression profile which supports the maintenance of PUFA in the brain but, due to a highly piscivorous LC-PUFA-rich diet, is not required in liver and intestine. Thus, the characterisation of elovl5 in Northern pike provides insights into the evolutionary divergence of duplicated genes, and the ecological adaptations of salmonids which have enabled colonisation of nutrient poor freshwaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Carmona-Antoñanzas
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molnár T, Kucska B, Szabó A, Biró J, Bercsényi M, Hancz C. Effect of graded dietary fish oil supplementation on body composition and fillet fatty acid composition of pike (Esox luciusL.). ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.41.2012.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Memon NN, Talpur FN, Bhanger M, Balouch A. Changes in fatty acid composition in muscle of three farmed carp fish species (Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla) raised under the same conditions. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Sushchik NN, Gladyshev MI, Kalachova GS, Makhutova ON, Ageev AV. Comparison of seasonal dynamics of the essential PUFA contents in benthic invertebrates and grayling Thymallus arcticus in the Yenisei river. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 145:278-87. [PMID: 16996285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal dynamics of contents of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in dominant groups of benthic invertebrates: gammarids (Gammaridae, Amphipoda), oligochaetes (Oligochaeta), chironomid larvae (Chironomidae, Diptera) and caddisfly larvae (Trichoptera), and dominant benthivorous fish, Siberian grayling Thymallus arcticus, have been studied in ecosystem of the large Siberian river. During the year of the study most benthic invertebrate taxa showed significant variations in the contents of both C-18 and long chain C-20-22 PUFAs. In contrast, the fish, which consumed the zoobenthos, had no significant seasonal variations in long chain PUFAs' contents. Thereby, the fish, as organisms of relatively higher evolution level than invertebrates, was supposed to have more strict metabolic control of long chain PUFAs' contents. Evidence was obtained that the studied fish species, grayling, may be capable to convert dietary EPA into DHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N N Sushchik
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
ACKMAN RG, MCLEOD C, MISRA KK, RAKSHIT S. LIPIDS AND FATTY ACIDS OF FIVE FRESHWATER FOOD FISHES OF INDIA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2002.tb00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Infante JP, Tschanz CL, Shaw N, Michaud AL, Lawrence P, Brenna JT. Straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase knockout mouse accumulates extremely long chain fatty acids from alpha-linolenic acid: evidence for runaway carousel-type enzyme kinetics in peroxisomal beta-oxidation diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2002; 75:108-19. [PMID: 11855929 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extremely long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ELCPs) with >24 carbons and four or more double bonds are normally found in excitatory tissues but have no known function, and are greatly increased in brain and other tissues of humans with peroxisomal disorders. Straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of very-long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. We have studied the polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism of AOX knockout mice (AOX-/- as a model of human AOX deficiency (pseudo-neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy), and as a genetic tool to test the putative peroxisomal beta-oxidation involvement in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Liver lipids of 26-day-old weanling AOX-/- mice livers accumulate n-3 and n-6 ELCPs from C24 to C30 with 5 and 6 double bonds, have 356 +/- 66 microg/g docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), similar to congenic (AOX -/* = AOX+/+ and AOX+/-) controls (401 +/- 96 microg/g), but increased 22:5n-6 (22.4 +/- 3.7 vs 6.4 +/- 1.5 microg/g). AOX+/* mice injected intraperitoneally at 23 days with [U-(13)C]-18:3n-3 show strong labeling of 22:6n-3 after 72 h, whereas AOX -/- mice display less labeling of 22:6n-3 but strong tracer incorporation into 24:6n-3, 26:6n-3, and 28:6n-3, after the same period. These data suggest that ELCPs are natural runaway elongation by-products of 22:6n-3 and 22:5n-6 synthesis, which are normally disposed of by peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Under conditions with impaired peroxisomal beta-oxidation, such as Zellweger syndrome and adrenoleukodystrophies, ELCPs accumulate due to increased synthesis and impaired disposal. Two mechanisms for the formation of these runaway elongation by-products and the involvement of secondary carnitine deficiency in this process are proposed: n-3 ELCPs are synthesized by a carnitine-dependent multifunctional mitochondrial docosahexaenoic acid synthase (mtDHAS) which normally synthesizes primarily 22:6n-3, while n-6 ELCPs are synthesized by independent elongation enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Infante
- Institute for Theoretical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, New York, 14852
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tocher DR, Bell JG, MacGlaughlin P, McGhee F, Dick JR. Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 130:257-70. [PMID: 11544096 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The desaturation and elongation of [1-(14)C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes from different populations and three different species of salmonids indigenous to Scotland, brown trout, Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr. Two groups of fish were sampled, before and after they were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil and a diet containing vegetable oil (a 1:1 blend of linseed and rapeseed oils) for 12 weeks. At each sampling time, fatty acyl desaturation and elongation activity was determined in isolated hepatocytes, and samples of liver were also collected for lipid compositional analysis. At the initiation of the dietary trial, the liver polar-lipid fatty acid compositions of salmon and brown trout were very similar to each other, and the two charr populations were similar to each other, having lower total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 22:6n-3, but higher 20:5n-3 than the other salmonids. Initially, hepatocyte desaturation activity varied, with the highest activity in brown trout, followed by salmon and then charr. Production of 20:5n-3 was particularly high in brown trout. Desaturation of [1-(14)C]18:3n-3 was significantly greater in all fish fed the diet containing vegetable oil compared to fish fed the diet containing fish oil. The increase in activity was less in brown trout compared to the other groups of fish. Feeding the vegetable oil diet increased the levels of 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, total n-6 PUFA, 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3 and 20:4n-3, and decreased 22:6n-3 and the n-3/n-6 ratio in salmon and brown trout. By contrast, in charr fed the vegetable oil diet, there was no increase in 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3 or 20:4n-3 in liver polar lipids and the level of 22:6n-3 was not decreased. In addition, there was only a modest increase in the levels of 18:2n-6 and total n-6 PUFA, and so the n-3/n-6 ratio was only slightly decreased. The percentage of 20:4n-6, which was not increased in salmon and brown trout fed vegetable oil, was increased in charr fed the vegetable oil diet. Overall, the results indicated that there were significant differences in liver PUFA metabolism between Arctic charr and the other salmonids, which could have important consequences, both physiologically and in their ability to be successfully cultured on diets containing vegetable oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Infante JP, Huszagh VA. Analysis of the putative role of 24-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biosynthesis of docosapentaenoic (22:5n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. FEBS Lett 1998; 431:1-6. [PMID: 9684854 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent literature on the putative involvement of a single cycle of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of 24:5n-6 and 24:6n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biosynthesis of the respective docosapentaenoic (22:5n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) fatty acids is critically reviewed. Present evidence suggests that in vitro data in support of the above proposition is an artifact of a low 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity due to depletion of NADPH resulting from incubation conditions. Kinetic studies with radiolabeled precursors in cell cultures have shown lower initial rates of labeling of 24:6n-3 than that of 22:6n-3, indicating that 24:6n-3 is an elongation product of 22:6n-3 rather than its precursor. Analysis of other literature data supports the proposal that 22:5n-6 and 22:6n-3 are synthesized in mitochondria via channeled carnitine-dependent pathways involving separate n-6- and n-3-specific desaturases. It is proposed that impaired peroxisomal function in some peroxisomal disorders is a secondary consequence of defective mitochondrial synthesis of 22:6n-3; moreover, some disorders of peroxisomal beta-oxidation show normal or increased 22:5n-6 concentrations, indicating that 22:5n-6 is synthesized by independent desaturases without peroxisomal involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Infante
- Institute for Theoretical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14852-4512, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|