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Scaling mimesis: Morphometric and ecomorphological similarities in three sympatric plant-mimetic fish of the family Carangidae (Teleostei). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194437. [PMID: 29558476 PMCID: PMC5860769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mimetic juveniles of a number of carangid fish species resemble plant parts floating near the water surface, such as leaves, seeds and other plant debris. The present study is the first to verify the morphological similarities and ecomorphological relationships between three carangids (Oligoplites saurus, Oligoplites palometa and Trachinotus falcatus) and their associated plant models. Behavioral observations were conducted in the estuary of Curuçá River, in northeastern Pará (Brazil) between August 2015 and July 2016. Individual fishes and associated floating objects (models) were sampled for comparative analysis using both geometric and morphometric approaches. While the mimetic fish and their models retain their own distinct, intrinsic morphological features, a high degree of morphological similarity was found between each fish species and its model. The morphometric analyses revealed a general tendency of isometric development in all three fish species, probably related to their pelagic habitats, during all ontogenetic stages.
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de Queiroz AC, Sakai Y, Vallinoto M, Barros B. Morphometric comparisons of plant-mimetic juvenile fish associated with plant debris observed in the coastal subtropical waters around Kuchierabu-jima Island, southern Japan. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2268. [PMID: 27547571 PMCID: PMC4974952 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The general morphological shape of plant-resembling fish and plant parts were compared using a geometric morphometrics approach. Three plant-mimetic fish species, Lobotes surinamensis (Lobotidae), Platax orbicularis (Ephippidae) and Canthidermis maculata (Balistidae), were compared during their early developmental stages with accompanying plant debris (i.e., leaves of several taxa) in the coastal subtropical waters around Kuchierabu-jima Island, closely facing the Kuroshio Current. The degree of similarity shared between the plant parts and co-occurring fish species was quantified, however fish remained morphologically distinct from their plant models. Such similarities were corroborated by analysis of covariance and linear discriminant analysis, in which relative body areas of fish were strongly related to plant models. Our results strengthen the paradigm that morphological clues can lead to ecological evidence to allow predictions of behavioural and habitat choice by mimetic fish, according to the degree of similarity shared with their respective models. The resemblance to plant parts detected in the three fish species may provide fitness advantages via convergent evolutionary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexya Cunha de Queiroz
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Laboratório de Evolução, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Yoichi Sakai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marcelo Vallinoto
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Laboratório de Evolução, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil.,Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Breno Barros
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Laboratório de Evolução, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,Campus de Capanema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Capanema, Pará, Brazil
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Barros B, Sakai Y, Pereira PHC, Gasset E, Buchet V, Maamaatuaiahutapu M, Ready JS, Oliveira Y, Giarrizzo T, Vallinoto M. Comparative Allometric Growth of the Mimetic Ephippid Reef Fishes Chaetodipterus faber and Platax orbicularis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143838. [PMID: 26630347 PMCID: PMC4668021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimesis is a relatively widespread phenomenon among reef fish, but the ontogenetic processes relevant for mimetic associations in fish are still poorly understood. In the present study, the allometric growth of two allopatric leaf-mimetic species of ephippid fishes, Chaetodipterus faber from the Atlantic and Platax orbicularis from the Indo-Pacific, was analyzed using ten morphological variables. The development of fins was considered owing to the importance of these structures for mimetic behaviors during early life stages. Despite the anatomical and behavioral similarities in both juvenile and adult stages, C. faber and P. orbicularis showed distinct patterns of growth. The overall shape of C. faber transforms from a rounded-shape in mimetic juveniles to a lengthened profile in adults, while in P. orbicularis, juveniles present an oblong profile including dorsal and anal fins, with relative fin size diminishing while the overall profile grows rounder in adults. Although the two species are closely-related, the present results suggest that growth patterns in C. faber and P. orbicularis are different, and are probably independent events in ephippids that have resulted from similar selective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Barros
- Universidade Federal do Pará - Campus de Bragança. Instituto de Estudos Costeiros—Laboratório de Evolução. Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Aldeia, CEP 68600–000 Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, 1-4-4, 739–0046, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoichi Sakai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, 1-4-4, 739–0046, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Pedro H. C. Pereira
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University—JCU Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Eric Gasset
- Ifremer Centre Océanologique du Pacifique, Unité Ressources Marines en Polynésie française—BP 7004, 98719, Taravao, Polynésie française
| | - Vincent Buchet
- Ifremer Centre Océanologique du Pacifique, Unité Ressources Marines en Polynésie française—BP 7004, 98719, Taravao, Polynésie française
| | | | - Jonathan S. Ready
- Universidade Federal do Pará - Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira—Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos. Av. Perimetral 2651 Terra Firme 66040170, Belém, PA—Brazil
| | - Yrlan Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Pará - Campus de Bragança. Instituto de Estudos Costeiros—Laboratório de Evolução. Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Aldeia, CEP 68600–000 Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Universidade Federal do Pará - Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira—Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos. Av. Perimetral 2651 Terra Firme 66040170, Belém, PA—Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vallinoto
- Universidade Federal do Pará - Campus de Bragança. Instituto de Estudos Costeiros—Laboratório de Evolução. Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Aldeia, CEP 68600–000 Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485–661, Vairão, Portugal
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