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Kim SH, Lee YN, Nam GS, Park JY, Lee S, Son M. A new exceptionally well-preserved basal actinopterygian fish in the juvenile stage from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of South Korea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:317. [PMID: 38172381 PMCID: PMC10764774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of the large paraphyletic group of extinct 'palaeoniscoid' fishes has shed light on the diversity and evolutionary history of basal actinopterygians. However, only a little ontogenetic information about 'palaeoniscoids' is known because their records in the early stages of development are scarce. Here, we report on a growth series of 'palaeoniscoids' in the juvenile stage from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of South Korea. Fourteen specimens, including five counterpart specimens, represent a new taxon, Megalomatia minima gen. et sp. nov., exhibiting ontogeny and exceptional preservation with the eyes possibly containing the crystalline lens, the otoliths, and the lateral line canals without covering scales. This discovery allows us to discuss the adaptations and evolution of basal actinopterygians in more detail than before. The otoliths in situ of Megalomatia support the previous interpretation that basal actinopterygians have a sagitta as the largest otolith. The trunk lateral line canal, which runs under the scales instead of passing through them, represents a plesiomorphic gnathostome trait. Notably, the large protruded eyes suggest that Megalomatia probably has binocular vision, which would have played a significant role in targeting and catching prey with the primitive jaw structure. In addition, the firstly formed skeletal elements such as the jaws, pectoral girdle, and opercular series, and the posteroanterior pattern of squamation development are likely linked to the adaptation of young individuals to increase their viability for feeding, respiration, and swimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwan Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yuong-Nam Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Gi-Soo Nam
- Gongju National University of Education, Gongju, South Chungcheong, 32553, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Gwacheon National Science Museum, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13817, South Korea
| | - Sungjin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Son
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Tsessarsky A. What is missing from the sturgeon jaw: Developmental morphology of the upper jaw in Acipenser. J Anat 2024; 244:42-62. [PMID: 37737476 PMCID: PMC10734651 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sturgeons belong to the family Acipenseridae, the most species-rich extant family of Acipenseriformes, a basal actinopterygian group of key importance in assessing the early radiations of the actinopterygians. At the same time, acipenseriforms display unique specializations in the morphology of the snout and jaws which make them a valuable model for studying evolutionary novelties. However, despite a long history of research, the homologies of the snout and the mandibular arch of acipenseriforms remain uncertain preventing further studies on the evolutionary origin of their unique snout and jaw structure, and in particular, of the upper jaw symphysis, the key apomorphy of the group and the preoral snout. In the present study, a detailed description of the upper jaw morphology and development in sturgeons is provided in order to address its composition in terms of the common actinopterygian archetype. Based on the obtained results, the upper jaw of acipenseriforms is assumed to have lost the autopalatine portion, which most likely is represented by the separate cartilages supporting the tentacles. Also, the conventional interpretation of the sturgeon's maxilla as dermopalatine is rejected on the grounds of this bone structure and development. Paedomorphosis is proposed to be the most likely mechanism explaining the evolutionary origin of the upper jaw symphysis and supposed modifications of the snout in sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsessarsky
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Mondéjar‐Fernández J, Meunier FJ, Cloutier R, Clément G, Laurin M. A microanatomical and histological study of the scales of the Devonian sarcopterygian Miguashaia bureaui and the evolution of the squamation in coelacanths. J Anat 2021; 239:451-478. [PMID: 33748974 PMCID: PMC8273612 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coelacanths have traditionally been described as morphologically conservative throughout their long evolutionary history, which spans more than 400 million years. After an initial burst during the Devonian, a morphological stasis was long thought to have prevailed since the Carboniferous, as shown by the extant Latimeria. New fossil discoveries have challenged this view, with punctual and sometimes unusual departures from the general coelacanth Bauplan. The dermal skeleton is considered to represent one, if not the main, example of morphological stasis in coelacanth evolution and as a consequence, has remained poorly surveyed. The lack of palaeohistological data on the dermoskeleton has resulted in a poor understanding of the early establishment and evolution of the coelacanth squamation. Here we describe the scales of Miguashaia bureaui from the Upper Devonian of Miguasha, Québec (Canada), revealing histological data for a Palaeozoic coelacanth in great detail and adding to our knowledge on the dermal skeleton of sarcopterygians. Miguashaia displays rounded scales ornamented by tubercules and narrow ridges made of dentine and capped with enamel. At least two generations of superimposed odontodes occur, which is reminiscent of the primitive condition of stem osteichthyans like Andreolepis or Lophosteus, and onychodonts like Selenodus. The middle vascular layer is well developed and shows traces of osteonal remodelling. The basal plate consists of a fully mineralised lamellar bone with a repetitive rotation pattern every five layers indicating a twisted plywood-like arrangement of the collagen plies. Comparisons with the extant Latimeria and other extinct taxa show that these features are consistently conserved across coelacanth evolution with only minute changes in certain taxa. The morphological and histological features displayed in the scales of Miguashaia enable us to draw a comprehensive picture of the onset of the coelacanth squamation and to propose and discuss evolutionary scenarios for the coelacanth dermoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mondéjar‐Fernández
- Département Origines & ÉvolutionUMR 7207 (MNHN–Sorbonne Université–CNRS), CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie—ParisMuséum national d’Histoire naturelleParisFrance
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - François J. Meunier
- Département Adaptations du VivantFRE BOREA 2030, (MNHN–Sorbonne Université–Univ. Caen Normandie–Univ. Antilles–CNRS–IRD)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleParisFrance
| | | | - Gaël Clément
- Département Origines & ÉvolutionUMR 7207 (MNHN–Sorbonne Université–CNRS), CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie—ParisMuséum national d’Histoire naturelleParisFrance
| | - Michel Laurin
- Département Origines & ÉvolutionUMR 7207 (MNHN–Sorbonne Université–CNRS), CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie—ParisMuséum national d’Histoire naturelleParisFrance
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Ascarrunz E, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Betancur-R R, Laurin M. On trends and patterns in macroevolution: Williston's law and the branchiostegal series of extant and extinct osteichthyans. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:117. [PMID: 31182024 PMCID: PMC6558815 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The branchiostegal series consists of an alignment of bony elements in the posterior portion of the skull of osteichthyan vertebrates. We trace the evolution of the number of elements in a comprehensive survey that includes 440 extant and 66 extinct species. Using a newly updated actinopterygian tree in combination with phylogenetic comparative analyses, we test whether osteichthyan branchiostegals follow an evolutionary trend under 'Williston's law', which postulates that osteichthyan lineages experienced a reduction of bony elements over time. RESULTS We detected no overall macroevolutionary trend in branchiostegal numbers, providing no support for 'Williston's law'. This result is robust to the subsampling of palaeontological data, but the estimation of the model parameters is much more ambiguous. CONCLUSIONS We find substantial evidence for a macroevolutionary dynamic favouring an 'early burst' of trait evolution over alternative models. Our study highlights the challenges of accurately reconstructing macroevolutionary dynamics even with large amounts of data about extant and extinct taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ascarrunz
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Laurin
- CR2P, UMR 7207 (CNRS/MNHN/Sorbonne Université), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Bâtiment de Géologie, Case postale 48, 43 rue Buffon, F-75231, cedex 05, Paris, France.
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Zhu M, Ahlberg PE, Pan Z, Zhu Y, Qiao T, Zhao W, Jia L, Lu J. A Silurian maxillate placoderm illuminates jaw evolution. Science 2016; 354:334-336. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Giles S, Coates MI, Garwood RJ, Brazeau MD, Atwood R, Johanson Z, Friedman M. Endoskeletal structure in Cheirolepis (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii), An early ray-finned fish. PALAEONTOLOGY 2015; 58:849-870. [PMID: 27478252 PMCID: PMC4950109 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As the sister lineage of all other actinopterygians, the Middle to Late Devonian (Eifelian-Frasnian) Cheirolepis occupies a pivotal position in vertebrate phylogeny. Although the dermal skeleton of this taxon has been exhaustively described, very little of its endoskeleton is known, leaving questions of neurocranial and fin evolution in early ray-finned fishes unresolved. The model for early actinopterygian anatomy has instead been based largely on the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Mimipiscis, preserved in stunning detail from the Gogo Formation of Australia. Here, we present re-examinations of existing museum specimens through the use of high-resolution laboratory- and synchrotron-based computed tomography scanning, revealing new details of the neuro-cranium, hyomandibula and pectoral fin endoskeleton for the Eifelian Cheirolepis trailli. These new data highlight traits considered uncharacteristic of early actinopterygians, including an uninvested dorsal aorta and imperforate propterygium, and corroborate the early divergence of Cheirolepis within actinopterygian phylogeny. These traits represent conspicuous differences between the endoskeletal structure of Cheirolepis and Mimipiscis. Additionally, we describe new aspects of the parasphenoid, vomer and scales, most notably that the scales display peg-and-socket articulation and a distinct neck. Collectively, these new data help clarify primitive conditions within ray-finned fishes, which in turn have important implications for understanding features likely present in the last common ancestor of living osteichthyans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Giles
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3ANUK
| | - Michael I. Coates
- Department of Organismal Biology and AnatomyUniversity of Chicago1027 E. 57th StreetChicagoIL60637USA
- Committee on Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Chicago1025 E. 57th StreetChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Russell J. Garwood
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- The Manchester X‐Ray Imaging FacilitySchool of MaterialsThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Martin D. Brazeau
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSilwood Park CampusBuckhurst RoadAscotSL5 7PYUK
| | - Robert Atwood
- The Joint Engineering and Environmental Processing BeamlineDiamond Light SourceThe Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Zerina Johanson
- Department of Earth SciencesNatural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondonSW7 5BDUK
| | - Matt Friedman
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3ANUK
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Sallan LC. Major issues in the origins of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) biodiversity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:950-71. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Sallan
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 U.S.A
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 U.S.A
- Michigan Society of Fellows; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 U.S.A
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Sallan LC, Coates MI. Styracopterid (Actinopterygii) ontogeny and the multiple origins of post-Hangenberg deep-bodied fishes. Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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SWARTZ BRIANA. Devonian actinopterygian phylogeny and evolution based on a redescription ofStegotrachelus finlayi. Zool J Linn Soc 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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AHLBERG PERERIK. A re-examination of sarcopterygian interrelationships, with special reference to the Porolepiformes. Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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COATES MI. Actinopterygians from the Namurian of Bearsden, Scotland, with comments on early actinopterygian neurocrania. Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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AHLBERG PERERIK. Paired fin skeletons and relationships of the fossil group Porolepiformes (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii). Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1989.tb01824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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SMITHSON TR. The morphology and relationships of the Carboniferous amphibian Eoherpeton watsoni Panchen. Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gemballa S, Bartsch P. Architecture of the integument in lower teleostomes: functional morphology and evolutionary implications. J Morphol 2002; 253:290-309. [PMID: 12125067 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A bony ganoid squamation is the plesiomorphic type in actinopterygians. During evolution, it was replaced by weak and more flexible elasmoid scales. We provide a comparative description of the integument of "ganoid" fishes and "nonganoid" fishes that considers all dermal components of mechanical significance (stratum compactum, morphology of ganoid scales, and their regional differences) in order to develop a functional understanding of the ganoid integument as a whole. Data were obtained for the extant "ganoid" fishes (Polypteridae and Lepisosteidae) and for closely related "lower" actinopterygians (Acipenser ruthenus, Amia calva) and "lower" sarcopterygians (Latimeria chalumnae, Neoceratodus forsteri). Body curvatures during steady undulatory locomotion, sharp turns, prey-strikes, and fast starts in "ganoid" fishes were measured from videotapes. Extreme body curvatures as measured in anesthetized specimens are never reached during steady swimming, but are sometimes closely approached in certain situations (sharp turns, prey-strike). During extreme body curvatures we measured high values of lateral strain on the convex and on the concave side of the body. Scale overlap changes considerably (66-127% in Lepisosteus, 42-140% in Polypterus). The ganoid squamation forms a protective coat, but at the same time it permits extreme body curvatures. This is reflected in characteristic morphological features of the ganoid scales, such as an anterior process, concave anterior margin, and peg-and-socket articulation. These characters are most pronounced in the anterior body region, where maximum changes in scale overlap are required. The anterior processes and anterior concave margin, together with the attached stratum compactum, guide movements in a horizontal plane during bending. Displacements of scales relative to each other are possible for scales of different scale rows, but are impeded in scales of the same scale row due to the peg-and-socket articulation. Furthermore, ganoid scale rows, fibers of collagen layers of the stratum compactum, and the lateral myoseptal structures follow the same oblique orientation, which is needed to achieve extreme body curvatures. There is no evidence that body curvatures are limited by the ganoid squamation in Polypterus or Lepisosteus to any larger extent than by a type of integument devoid of ganoid scales in teleostomes of similar body shape. Our results essentially contradict former functional interpretations: 1) Ganoid scales do not especially limit body curvature during steady undulatory locomotion; 2) They do not act as torsion-resisting devices, but may be able to damp torsion together with the stratum compactum and internal body pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gemballa
- Zoologisches Institut, Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Endocranial preservation of a Carboniferous actinopterygian from Lancashire, UK, and the interrelationships of primitive actinopterygians. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999; 354:435-462. [PMCID: PMC1692518 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gross brain structure of an Upper Carboniferous (ca . 310 Myr ago) ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) is described from exceptionally well-preserved fossil material from the Burnley region of Lancashire, UK. Previously identified as 'Rhadinichthys ' planti , the species is reassigned to the genus Mesopoma . Morphological characters derived from these data are combined with reviews of cranial skeletal anatomy, enamel composition, oculomoter muscle insertion and paired fin morphology to test and reanalyse hypotheses of primitive actinopterygian interrelationships. Results indicate that ancestral chondrostean (sturgeon and paddlefish) and neopterygian (teleost, amiid and gar) lineages diverged earlier than current theories suggest. Palaeonisciformes, a taxonomic group widely used to include most Palaeozoic actinopterygians, include a significant number of primitive neopterygians, several of which may form a distinct monophyletic clade. Within this revised phylogenetic context, changes in gross brain morphology from primitive conditions, as revealed by fossil data, highlight likely specializations in extant non-teleostean actinopterygians.
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