1
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Ramírez-Díaz C, Kolmann MA, Peredo CM, Cruz-Escalona VH, Peña R. Cranial musculature of batoids: A standardized nomenclature. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38924302 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Batoids (rays and skates) are cartilaginous fishes whose jaws are not articulated directly to the neurocranium. The only point of contact between them are the hyomandibular cartilages, resulting in a unique mandibular suspension called euhyostyly. Due to this decoupling of the jaws from the skull, muscles play an essential role in modulating mandibular movements during the feeding process, especially during mandibular protrusion. The main objectives of our study were: (1) to examine the mandibular musculature of eight batoid species from different orders in the Batoidea and (2) establish a standardized musclulature terminology for future comparative myological studies in batoids. For each muscle bundle, the general characteristics of each cranial muscle were described and their origin and insertions were identified. The number of muscle bundles differed intraspecifically. On the dorsal surface, we reported the first evidence of the presence of the precranial muscle (PCM) in U. halleri, as well as the ethmoideo-parethmoidalis muscle (ETM) in R. velezi, P. glaugostigma and Z. exasperata; in addition, the insertion of the spiracularis muscle (SP) extended to the ventral surface of the oropharyngeal tract in myliobatiforms. On the ventral surface of the head, both N. entemedor and M. californica exhibited additional muscles in the mandibular area. These muscles were renamed as part of the standardization of mandibular terminology: the depressor mandibularis minor (DMM) in N. entemedor and the adductor mandibulae profundus (AMP) in M. californica. The standardization of terminology is essential for futures studies of the mandibular apparatus in batoids, to facilitate the morphological description of muscles in species without anatomical accounts and for continuity in broader comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ramírez-Díaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | - M A Kolmann
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - C M Peredo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - V H Cruz-Escalona
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | - R Peña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
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2
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Mull CG, Pennell MW, Yopak KE, Dulvy NK. Maternal investment evolves with larger body size and higher diversification rate in sharks and rays. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2773-2781.e3. [PMID: 38843829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Across vertebrates, live bearing evolved at least 150 times from ancestral egg laying into diverse forms and degrees of prepartum maternal investment.1,2 A key question is how reproductive diversity arose and whether reproductive diversification underlies species diversification.3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 To test this, we evaluate the most basal jawed vertebrates: the sharks, rays, and chimaeras, which have one of the greatest ranges of reproductive and ecological diversity among vertebrates.2,12 We reconstruct the sequence of reproductive mode evolution across a phylogeny of 610 chondrichthyans.13 We reveal egg laying as ancestral, with live bearing evolving at least seven times. Matrotrophy evolved at least 15 times, with evidence of one reversal. In sharks, transitions to live bearing and matrotrophy are more prevalent in larger-bodied tropical species. Further, the evolution of live bearing is associated with a near doubling of the diversification rate, but there is only a small increase associated with the appearance of matrotrophy. Although pre-copulatory sexual selection is associated with increased rates of speciation in teleosts,3 sexual size dimorphism in chondrichthyans does not appear to be related to sexual selection,14,15 and instead we find increased rates of speciation associated with the colonization of novel habitats. This highlights a potential key difference between chondrichthyans and other fishes, specifically a slower rate of evolution of reproductive isolation following speciation, suggesting different rate-limiting mechanisms for diversification between these clades.16 The chondrichthyan diversification and radiation, particularly throughout shallow tropical shelf seas and oceanic pelagic habitats, appear to be associated with the evolution of live bearing and proliferation of a wide range of maternal investment in developing offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mull
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Integrated Fisheries Lab, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Matthew W Pennell
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Kara E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology and UNCW Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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3
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Marramà G, Villalobos‐Segura E, Zorzin R, Kriwet J, Carnevale G. The evolutionary origin of the durophagous pelagic stingray ecomorph. PALAEONTOLOGY 2023; 66:pala.12669. [PMID: 37533696 PMCID: PMC7614867 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the origin of evolutionary novelties (novel traits, feeding modes, behaviours, ecological niches, etc.) have considered a number of taxa experimenting with new body plans, allowing them to occupy new habitats and exploit new trophic resources. In the marine realm, colonization of pelagic environments by marine fishes occurred recurrently through time. Stingrays (Myliobatiformes) are a diverse clade of batoid fishes commonly known to possess venomous tail stings. Current hypotheses suggest that stingrays experimented with a transition from a benthic to a pelagic/benthopelagic habitat coupled with a transition from a non-durophagous diet to extreme durophagy. However, there is no study detailing macroevolutionary patterns to understand how and when habitat shift and feeding specialization arose along their evolutionary history. A new exquisitely preserved fossil stingray from the Eocene Konservat-Lagerstätte of Bolca (Italy) exhibits a unique mosaic of plesiomorphic features of the rajobenthic ecomorph, and derived traits of aquilopelagic taxa, that helps to clarify the evolutionary origin of durophagy and pelagic lifestyle in stingrays. A scenario of early evolution of the aquilopelagic ecomorph is proposed based on new data, and the possible adaptive meaning of the observed evolutionary changes is discussed. The body plan of †Dasyomyliobatis thomyorkei gen. et sp. nov. is intermediate between the rajobenthic and more derived aquilopelagic stingrays, supporting its stem phylogenetic position and the hypothesis that the aquilopelagic body plan arose in association with the evolution of durophagy and pelagic lifestyle from a benthic, soft-prey feeder ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marramà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della TerraUniversità degli Studi di TorinoVia Valperga Caluso 3510125TurinItaly
| | | | - Roberto Zorzin
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di VeronaLungadige Porta Vittoria 937129VeronaItaly
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Department of PalaeontologyUniversity of ViennaJosef‐Holaubek‐Platz 21090ViennaAustria
| | - Giorgio Carnevale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della TerraUniversità degli Studi di TorinoVia Valperga Caluso 3510125TurinItaly
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4
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da Silva JPCB, Vaz DFB. Morphology and phylogenetic significance of the pelvic articular region in elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes). Cladistics 2023; 39:155-197. [PMID: 36856203 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of paired fins is commonly overlooked in morphological studies, particularly the pelvic girdle and fins. Consequently, previous phylogenetic studies incorporating morphological data used few skeletal characters from this complex. In this paper, the phylogenetic significance of pelvic articular characters for elasmobranchs is discussed in light of the morphological variation observed in 130 species, the most comprehensive study exploring the morphology of the pelvic girdle done so far. The 10 morphological characters proposed herein for the pelvic articulation were incorporated into a molecular matrix of NADH2 sequences and submitted to an analysis of maximum parsimony employing extended implied weighting. The most stable tree was selected based on the distortion coefficients, SPR distances (subtree pruning and regrafting) and fit values. Some of the striking synapomorphies recovered within elasmobranchs include the presence of an articular surface for the first enlarged pelvic radial supporting Elasmobranchii and the pelvic articular region for the basipterygium extending from the posterolatral margin of the pelvic girdle over its lateral surface in Echinorhinus + Hexanchiformes. Additionally, the proposed characters and their distributions are discussed considering the relationships recovered and also compared with previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo C B da Silva
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Diego F B Vaz
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02143, USA.,Biorepository Collaboratorium Guam EPSCoR, Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, 303 University Dr, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU, 96923, USA
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5
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Nachtigall PG, Loboda TS, Pinhal D. Signatures of positive selection in the mitochondrial genome of neotropical freshwater stingrays provide clues about the transition from saltwater to freshwater environment. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:229-241. [PMID: 36378333 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neotropical freshwater stingrays (subfamily Potamotrygoninae) are carnivorous bottom feeder batoids widely distributed in most river basins of South America. They represent the unique extant group of elasmobranchs that evolved to live exclusively in freshwater environments. These species are exploited either by commercial fisheries (e.g., for food or ornamental industry) or by indigenous communities allocated along with their natural range. Restrictive life history characteristics coupled with habitat degradation make Potamotrygoninae species highly vulnerable to human impacts and highlight the necessity of studies to inform basic biological aspects, from ecology to genetics, to guide their conservation and clarify the molecular basis of adaptation to the freshwater environment. We used available and newly assembled Potamotrygon spp. mitogenomes to perform a comparative investigation of their molecular evolution. A phylogenetic estimation using the mitogenome of Potamotrygon falkneri and other Elasmobranchii supports monophyly for Potamotrygonidae and indicates a close relationship to Dasyatidae. A synteny analysis comprising 3 Potamotrygon and other 51 batoids revealed a highly conserved mitogenomic context. We detected various amino acid sites under positive selection exclusively in Potamotrygon spp., within the sequences of ND4, ND5, ND6, and COXII genes. Positively selected mutational events in key genes of energetic metabolism may be related to the physiological adaptation of Potamotrygon spp. during the ancient incursion into freshwater. This broad comparative mitogenomic study provides novel insights into the evolutionary history of neotropical freshwater stingrays and their relatives and stands out as a valuable resource to aid in current and future research on elasmobranch molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Nachtigall
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T S Loboda
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas (LPP), CCBN, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.,Departamento Acadêmico de Ensino (DAENS), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - D Pinhal
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Branching patterns of the afferent branchial arteries and their phylogenetic significance in rays (Batoidea). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23236. [PMID: 34853331 PMCID: PMC8636609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rays of the superorder Batoidea comprise the most diverse group of chondrichthyans in terms of valid species and morphological disparity. Up to the present little agreement is observed in studies based on morphological and molecular data focused on uncovering the interrelationships within Batoidea. Morphology-based phylogenies of batoids have not included characters related to the afferent branchial arteries, and little is known about the variation in this anatomical complex in rays. Herein, representatives of 32 genera from 19 families currently recognized of rays were examined as well as some shark taxa. Seven new characters are proposed and tested in two different analyses, one on their own and in the other they were added to the morphological data matrix of the most recent analysis of interrelationships within Batoidea. The arrangement of afferent branchial arteries differs mainly among orders and families of batoids. The absence of a common trunk from which the three posteriormost afferent arteries branch is interpreted as a synapomorphy for Myliobatiformes and the presence of a coronary cranial artery as an autapomorphy for Mobula hypostoma. A close spatial relationship between the second and third afferent arteries within the common branch from the ventral aorta is proposed as a synapomorphy for Rajiformes with a secondary modification in Sympterygia. Data about patterns in afferent branchial arteries in additional taxa such as Squaliformes and Chimaeriformes are needed to better understand the evolution of this character complex among chondrichthyans.
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7
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de Oliveira AT, Lemos JRGD, Santos MQDC, Pantoja-Lima J, Aride PHR, Araújo MLGD, Tavares-Dias M, Marcon JL. Morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural aspects of blood cells in freshwater stingray species in the middle Rio Negro basin of Amazonian Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15685. [PMID: 34344958 PMCID: PMC8333063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we examined the morphology, dimensions, cytochemical staining reactions and ultrastructure of blood cells from three freshwater stingray species, Potamotrygon wallacei, Potamotrygon motoro and Paratrygon aiereba, living in the waters of the middle Rio Negro basin (Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil). We identified erythrocytes, erythroblasts, thrombocytes and four types of leukocytes (basophils, heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) in the blood of these stingray species. In all the freshwater stingray species studied, the shapes and dimensions of these cells were similar to those of marine elasmobranchs. Positive PAS staining occurred in heterophils and thrombocytes, and weak staining occurred in lymphocytes and monocytes, while metachromasia only occurred in basophils. Positive Sudan Black B staining was observed in thrombocytes and lymphocytes, and weak staining occurred in heterophils. Basophils and heterophils were the only cells with positive bromophenol blue staining, while no peroxidase staining was observed in any of the four leukocyte types. This is the first study to establish the dimensions and cytochemical staining profiles of blood cells in Amazonian stingray species. Because these elasmobranch species are exported as ornamental fish to countries worldwide, this study can contribute to establishing standards for blood constituents that may be helpful in assessing the health and welfare of these fish in artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus Centro (CMC), Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1975. Centro, Manaus, AM, 69020-120, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcio Quara de Carvalho Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos (PPG-CIPET), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Avenida General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000. Coroado I, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Jackson Pantoja-Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Presidente Figueiredo, Avenida Onça Pintada, 1308. Galo da Serra, Presidente Figueiredo, AM, 69735-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Rocha Aride
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus Centro (CMC), Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1975. Centro, Manaus, AM, 69020-120, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Góes de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Avenida Marechal Rondon, sn. Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisas Agropecuárias (EMBRAPA), Macapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek km 5, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Jaydione Luiz Marcon
- Laboratório de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Avenida General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000. Coroado I, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
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8
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Fontenelle JP, Lovejoy NR, Kolmann MA, Marques FPL. Molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygoninae) reveals limitations of traditional taxonomy. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The subfamily Potamotrygoninae, the only extant clade of elasmobranchs exclusive to freshwater environments, encompasses four genera and 38 species distributed across almost every major South American river basin. Despite their importance in the ornamental fish trade, the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within potamotrygonines have not yet been resolved. Here, we present a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays, based on extensive species and population sampling (35 species and > 350 individuals from drainages across South America). Our phylogeny corroborates the monophyly of the genera Paratrygon and Heliotrygon and the monophyly of the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade. Within the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade, we identify a core Potamotrygon clade characterized by short branches, low nodal support and incongruence with current species-level taxonomy. In the core Potamotrygon clade, specimens of widespread species, such as Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi, do not form monophyletic lineages; instead, specimens from these species are often closely related to those of other species from the same river basins. These patterns could be caused by inaccurate taxonomy, hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting and rapid diversification. We discuss the conservation of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from a phylogenetic perspective and suggest ways to prioritize potamotrygonid conservation efforts with respect to endemism and evolutionary distinctiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Fontenelle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan R Lovejoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew A Kolmann
- Museum of Paleontology, Biological Sciences Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fernando P L Marques
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Schluessel V, Rick IP, Seifert FD, Baumann C, Lee Davies WI. Not just shades of grey: life is full of colour for the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro). J Exp Biol 2021; 224:237826. [PMID: 33771913 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that marine stingrays have the anatomical and physiological basis for colour vision, with cone spectral sensitivity in the blue to green range of the visible spectrum. Behavioural studies on Glaucostegus typus also showed that blue and grey can be perceived and discriminated. The present study is the first to assess visual opsin genetics in the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro) and test whether individuals perceive colour in two alternative forced choice experiments. Retinal transcriptome profiling using RNA-Seq and quantification demonstrated the presence of lws and rh2 cone opsin genes and a highly expressed single rod (rh1) opsin gene. Spectral tuning analysis predicted these vitamin A1-based visual photopigments to exhibit spectral absorbance maxima at 461 nm (rh2), 496 nm (rh1) and 555 nm (lws); suggesting the presence of dichromacy in this species. Indeed, P. motoro demonstrates the potential to be equally sensitive to wavelengths from 380 to 600 nm of the visible spectrum. Behavioural results showed that red and green plates, as well as blue and yellow plates, were readily discriminated based on colour; however, brightness differences also played a part in the discrimination of blue and yellow. Red hues of different brightness were distinguished significantly above chance level from one another. In conclusion, the genetic and behavioural results support prior data on marine stingrays. However, this study suggests that freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae may have a visual colour system that has ecologically adapted to a riverine habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schluessel
- Institute of Zoology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingolf P Rick
- Institute of Zoology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Donata Seifert
- Institute of Zoology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Baumann
- Institute of Zoology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wayne Iwan Lee Davies
- Institute of Zoology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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10
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Cruz VPD, Nobile MLO, Paim FG, Adachi AMCDL, Ribeiro GDS, Ferreira DC, Pansonato-Alves JC, Charvet P, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon sp. (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae) from the Amazon basin: Implications for the taxonomy of the genus. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200083. [PMID: 33835125 PMCID: PMC8033572 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes of two freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon sp., from the Amazon River basin in Brazil were investigated using integrated molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and cytogenetic analyses. Potamotrygon motoro presented intraspecific variation in the diploid number, with 2n=66 in the females and 2n=65 in the males, while Potamotrygon sp. had a karyotype with 66 chromosomes, in both sexes. The C-banding revealed the presence of heterochromatic blocks accumulated in the centromeric region of all the chromosomes in both species. The FISH assays with 18S DNA probes highlighted the terminal region of three or four chromosome pairs in P. motoro and seven chromosomes in Potamotrygon sp. The rDNA 5S sequences were found in only one chromosomal pair in both species. The interspecific genetic distance based on the COI sequences, between P. motoro and Potamotrygon sp. from Amazon River was 10.8%, while that between the Amazonian P. motoro and Potamotrygon amandae from the Paraná River was 2.2%, and the genetic distance between Potamotrygon sp. and P. amandae was 11.8%. In addition to the new insights on the cytogenetics of the study species, the results of the present study confirmed the existence of heteromorphic sex-linked chromosomes in P. motoro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Paes da Cruz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Ligia Oliveira Nobile
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabilene Gomes Paim
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aisni Mayumi Correia de Lima Adachi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana da Silva Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carvalho Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pansonato-Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Charvet
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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11
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Loboda TS, Lasso CA, Rosa RDS, Carvalho MRD. Two new species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Paratrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Orinoco basin, with comments on the taxonomy of Paratrygon aiereba. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The genus Paratrygon, currently recognized as the sole monotypic genus of the family Potamotrygonidae, has a considerably greater diversity than previously indicated, including molecular studies, which supported P. aiereba (hitherto the only recognized species in the genus) as a possible species complex. Here we describe two new species of the genus that are both endemic to and sympatric in the Orinoco basin. Paratrygon aiereba, type species of the genus, is now restricted to the Amazon basin. Both new species are identified and defined through morphological characters such as coloration, dermal denticle morphology, arrangement of thorns, distribution and morphology of ventral lateral line canals, morphology of skeletal elements, and morphometrics. An extensive comparison of these characters between the new species herein described and P. aiereba is presented. Finally, a taxonomic reappraisal of P. aiereba is provided through a revision of preserved material and its original description, plus new evidence about its type-locatity, collectors, and a reconsideration of the destination of its type-specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A. Lasso
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Colombia
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SANCHES DAMIRES, MARTINS THAIS, LUTZ ÍTALO, VENEZA IVANA, SILVA RAIMUNDODA, ARAÚJO FELIPE, MURIEL-CUNHA JANICE, SAMPAIO IRACILDA, GARCIA MAGALI, SOUSA LEANDRO, EVANGELISTA-GOMES GRAZIELLE. Mitochondrial DNA suggests Hybridization in Freshwater Stingrays Potamotrygon (POTAMOTRYGONIDAE: MYLIOBATIFORMES) from the Xingu river, Amazonia and reveals speciation in Paratrygon aireba. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DAMIRES SANCHES
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
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13
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Rizo-Fuentes MA, Correa-Cárdenas CA, Lasso CA, Morales-Betancourt MA, Barragán-Barrera DC, Caballero S. Phylogeography, genetic diversity and population structure of the freshwater stingray, Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) in the Colombian Amazon and Orinoco basins. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 32:20-33. [PMID: 33346684 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1844679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater stingray Paratrygon aiereba have coloration, osteological and morphometric variations that could suggest the existence of more than one species in Colombia. In order to evaluate the phylogeography, population structure and genetic diversity for P. aiereba distributed in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, we amplified Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) partial region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 50 samples from eight different sub-basins. Our results suggest three phylogroups and a vicariance event occurred 43 million years ago proposing how Paratrygon diverged into the basins. A high population structure (ΦST = 0.692; p < 0.005) and a value of (K) of 3 were defined. A high genetic diversity within phylogroups was found: Phylogroup A (h = 0.64; π% = 2.48), Phylogroup B (h = 0.552; π% = 1.67), and Phylogroup C (h = 0.49; π% = 0.73). These results should be considered in local management plans, conservation programs and reclassification in at least Amazon and Orinoco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira A Rizo-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos (LEMVA), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo A Correa-Cárdenas
- Programa de Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales del Ejército (GINETEJ), Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación, Dirección de Sanidad Ejército, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Lasso
- Programa Biología de la Conservación y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica A Morales-Betancourt
- Programa Biología de la Conservación y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dalia C Barragán-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos (LEMVA), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe (CIOH), Dirección General Marítima (DIMAR), Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos (LEMVA), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Capretz Batista da Silva JP, Silva Loboda T, de Souza Rosa R. A new synapomorphy in the pelvic girdle reinforces a close relationship of Zanobatus and Myliobatiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). J Anat 2020; 238:874-885. [PMID: 33150584 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rays of the order Myliobatiformes present several diagnostic characters, the most striking one being the presence of a serrated sting on the dorsal region of the tail. Although several morphological hypotheses have been proposed supporting the monophyly and interrelationships of its members, few characters of the appendicular skeleton were employed. In the present study, we analyzed comparatively the pelvic girdle morphology across all the groups of rays to investigate the distribution of the ischial process. To understand its significance, we tested this character of the pelvic girdle as a potential synapomorphy for the Myliobatiformes plus Zanobatus. Accordingly, the phylogenetic position of Zanobatus as a sister taxon to Myliobatiformes is reinforced and its pelvic girdle morphology reinterpreted in relation to previous morphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Silva Loboda
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Souza Rosa
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Montes-Domínguez HM, Castillo-Rivera MA, Ayala-Pérez LA, González-Isáis M, Reynoso VH. Brain morphology of Gymnura lessae and Gymnura marmorata (Chondrichthyes: Gymnuridae) and its implications for batoid brain evolution. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:613-624. [PMID: 33029915 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal and muscle anatomy has supported Gymnuridae as the sister group of the most derived myliobatoids, recent studies based on molecular characters suggest that the family branches into a more basal position than previously thought. This study aims to understand the brain anatomy of the genus Gymnura and its importance in the evolution of the batoid brain. The brain anatomy of Gymnura lessae and Gymnura marmorata is relatively simple. They exhibit a small brain and telencephalon (T), where the latter is wider than it is longer, and the division of the posterior central nucleus is poorly developed. The cerebellum (C) is symmetrical and is not highly foliated. Unlike other species, the brain auricles are smooth, and the posterior auricles exhibit a diagonal arrangement, not always forming a bridge over the fourth ventricle. These auricles are larger in G. marmorata. A principal component analysis based on 20 morphological variables, revealed a separation between species, and multivariate analysis of variance identified significant differences. The most important variables in species segregation were a deeper olfactory bulb in G. lessae and a greater distance between the bulbs in G. marmorata. Contrary to the body anatomy, the brain anatomy reveals that Gymnura has a simpler and more primitive brain than most derived myliobatoids. Our results are consistent with the evidence from phylogenies developed with molecular data, where gymnurids are a basal group within myliobatoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Marcos Montes-Domínguez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, CDMX.,Departamento de Morfofisiología Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México
| | | | - Luis Amado Ayala-Pérez
- Departamento el Hombre y su ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, CDMX
| | - Mónica González-Isáis
- Departamento de Morfofisiología Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Reynoso
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CDMX
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Sales MAN, Freitas JEPD, Cavalcante CC, Santander-Neto J, Charvet P, Faria VV. The southernmost record and an update of the geographical range of the Atlantic chupare, Styracura schmardae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:302-308. [PMID: 32347542 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study established the southernmost distribution range for the Chupare stingray Styracura schmardae based on a specimen caught on the easternmost portion of Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Identification was based on diagnostic morphological characters and molecular data (sequence of the mitochondrial DNA gene nd2; 1046 bp). This record expands the known distribution range for this species by more than 1200 km and confirms that S. schmardae is distributed in more than one biogeographical province. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There are few records of the Atlantic Chupare stingray for Brazil and most of them are associated with the Amazon River mouth. New records indicate that this species is also present in the South Atlantic portion of the Brazilian coast. Apparently having a low abundance throughout its range, these new records increase the range of occurrence of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Alves Nobre Sales
- Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab - EvolVe, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar - Labomar, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Pereira de Freitas
- Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab - EvolVe, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar - Labomar, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carlos Costa Cavalcante
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus São Luis - Maracanã, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Jones Santander-Neto
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Campus Piúma, Piúma, Brazil
| | - Patricia Charvet
- Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab - EvolVe, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vicente Vieira Faria
- Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab - EvolVe, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar - Labomar, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Shibuya A, Zuanon J, de Carvalho MR. Neuromast distribution and its relevance to feeding in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-019-00472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Valentim FCDS, Porto JIR, Feldberg E. Chromosomal characterization of Amazonian freshwater stingrays with evidence for new karyomorphs and XX/XY sex chromosomes. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:578-593. [PMID: 31188935 PMCID: PMC6905454 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies in the subfamily Potamotrygoninae have provided valuable insights into the understanding of the evolution and diversification of its species. In the present study, the chromosomal features of seven nominal potamotrygonin species are provided: Plesiotrygon iwamae (2n=74, FN=120), Potamotrygon amazona (2n=66, FN=107), P. constellata (2n=66, FN=110), P. leopoldi (2n=64, FN=102), P. motoro (2n=66, FN=106) from four different localities, and P. orbignyi (2n=66, FN=106), P. scobina (2n=66, FN=104), from Central Amazon. Additionally, we found a new karyomorph in P. wallacei. We considered the localization of Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs), as well as the pattern of constitutive heterochromatin, as species-specific characters. We found an XX/XY sex chromosome system in P. orbignyi, and we suggest that P. scobina and P. amazona also possess the same sex chromosome system. Overall, the chromosomal evolution in this group appears to have progressed towards a reduction in diploid number, with a concomitant increase in the number of bi-armed and nucleolar chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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A bizarre Eocene dasyatoid batomorph (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatiformes) from the Bolca Lagerstätte (Italy) reveals a new, extinct body plan for stingrays. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14087. [PMID: 31575915 PMCID: PMC6773687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the detailed revision of the Eocene cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) from the Bolca Lagerstätte (Italy) has provided new insights into the fish biodiversity of the western Tethys. The morphological analysis of three previously undescribed specimens from the Pesciara deposit of Bolca revealed the existence of a new stingray taxon, †Lessiniabatis aenigmatica gen. et sp. nov., which is unique among the myliobatiform batoids in having the following unique combination of characters: low number of vertebrae posterior to the pelvic girdle (65–68); thoracolumbar synarcual extending backward beyond the pelvic girdle; tail extremely short not protruding from the posterior edge of the pectoral disc; radials proximally fused to each other; pelvic girdle extremely small and strongly arched; dorsal and caudal fins absent; tail stings and cartilaginous tail rod absent; and teeth of dasyatoid morphology with smooth enameloid surface. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that †Lessiniabatis gen. nov. is deeply nested within the benthic stingrays (Dasyatoidea) representing the sister to all dasyatids and potamotrygonids. Its unique anatomy clearly reveals the existence of a new hitherto unknown body plan experimented by benthic stingrays, whose evolution can be possibly linked to the adaptive fish radiation in the aftermath of the end-Cretaceous extinction.
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Laurence-Chasen JD, Ramsay JB, Brainerd EL. Shearing overbite and asymmetrical jaw motions facilitate food breakdown in a freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon motoro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/13/jeb197681. [PMID: 31292213 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.197681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many species of fish process their prey with cyclic jaw motions that grossly resemble those seen in mammalian mastication, despite starkly different tooth and jaw morphologies. The degree of similarity between the processing behaviors of these disparate taxa has implications for our understanding of convergence in vertebrate feeding systems. Here, we used XROMM (X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology) to investigate prey processing behavior of Potamotrygon motoro, the ocellate river stingray, which has recently been found to employ asymmetrical, shearing jaw motions to break down its prey. We found that P. motoro modulates its feeding kinematics to produce two distinct types of chew cycles: compressive cycles and overbite cycles. The latter are characterized by over-rotation of the upper jaw relative to the lower jaw, past the expected occlusal limit, and higher levels of bilateral asymmetry as compared with compressive chews. We did not find evidence of the mediolateral shearing motions typical of mammalian mastication, but overbite cycles appear to shear the prey item between the upper and lower toothplates in a propalinal fashion. Additionally, comparison of hyomandibular and jaw motions demonstrates that the angular cartilages decouple jaw displacement from hyomandibular displacement in rostrocaudal and mediolateral directions. The multiple similarities between mammalian mastication and the dynamic processing behavior of P. motoro support the use of sub-family Potamotrygoninae as a model for studying evolutionary convergence of mastication-like processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Laurence-Chasen
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jason B Ramsay
- Biology Department, Westfield State University, 577 Western Avenue, Westfield, MA 01086, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Brainerd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Somsap N, Srakaew N, Chatchavalvanich K. Microanatomy of the female reproductive system of the viviparous freshwater whipray Fluvitrygon signifer (Elasmobranchii: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). I. The ovary. ZOOL ANZ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Marramà G, Carnevale G, Naylor GJP, Kriwet J. Mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters in an Eocene myliobatiform batomorph (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from Italy defines a new, basal body plan in pelagic stingrays. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019; 5:13. [PMID: 31057944 PMCID: PMC6485097 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-Cretaceous niche-filling by benthic Mesozoic survivors resulted in a prominent increase of durophagous fish families, resulting in the appearance of the earliest representatives of several extant fish lineages, including the pelagic durophagous stingrays, a monophyletic clade of myliobatiform batoids that is characterized by a derived swimming mode and feeding habits. Although the earliest members appeared in the Late Cretaceous, most of the crown genera date back to the Eocene. RESULTS In this study, we re-examine the anatomy of the Eocene eagle ray Promyliobatis gazolai (de Zigno), represented by two nearly complete and articulated specimens from the world-famous Ypresian Konservat-Lagerstätte of Bolca, in detail. This taxon exhibits a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters (e.g. tail sting displaced posteriorly on the tail, at about 50-60% of tail length; pectoral fins joining in front of the head; anterior and posterior pectoral fin margins nearly straight; compagibus laminam absent; single, unfragmented mesopterygium) that clearly define a new body plan within the pelagic durophagous stingrays. CONCLUSIONS The significant morphological differences between Promyliobatis and extant representatives of Myliobatidae, Aetobatidae, Rhinopteridae, and Mobulidae, support its placement as separate stem group member. The phylogenetic placement of Promyliobatis, based on skeletal and dental characters, strongly supports its basal position within pelagic stingrays. However, its position within the Myliobatiformes becomes unstable when stingray taxa known by fossil teeth only are included. A comparative analysis of the skeletal and tooth morphologies, as well as of the evolutionary trends of pelagic stingrays is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marramà
- 1Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgio Carnevale
- 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gavin J P Naylor
- 3Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Road, Gainesville, 32611 USA
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- 1Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Rutledge KM, Summers AP, Kolmann MA. Killing them softly: Ontogeny of jaw mechanics and stiffness in mollusk-feeding freshwater stingrays. J Morphol 2019; 280:796-808. [PMID: 30950541 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Durophagous predators consume hard-shelled prey such as bivalves, gastropods, and large crustaceans, typically by crushing the mineralized exoskeleton. This is costly from the point of view of the bite forces involved, handling times, and the stresses inflicted on the predator's skeleton. It is not uncommon for durophagous taxa to display an ontogenetic shift from softer to harder prey items, implying that it is relatively difficult for smaller animals to consume shelled prey. Batoid fishes (rays, skates, sawfishes, and guitarfishes) have independently evolved durophagy multiple times, despite the challenges associated with crushing prey harder than their own cartilaginous skeleton. Potamotrygon leopoldi is a durophagous freshwater ray endemic to the Xingu River in Brazil, with a jaw morphology superficially similar to its distant durophagous marine relatives, eagle rays (e.g., Aetomylaeus, Aetobatus). We used second moment of area as a proxy for the ability to resist bending and analyzed the arrangement of the mineralized skeleton of the jaw of P. leopoldi over ontogeny using data from computed tomography (CT) scans. The jaws of P. leopoldi do not resist bending nearly as well as other durophagous elasmobranchs, and the jaws are stiffest nearest the joints rather than beneath the dentition. While second moment has similar material distribution over ontogeny, mineralization of the jaws under the teeth increases with age. Neonate rays have low jaw stiffness and poor mineralization, suggesting that P. leopoldi may not feed on hard-shelled prey early in life. These differences in the shape, stiffness and mineralization of the jaws of P. leopoldi compared to its durophagous relatives show there are several solutions to the problem of crushing shelled prey with a compliant skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi M Rutledge
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adam P Summers
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington
| | - Matthew A Kolmann
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington.,Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.,Department of Ichthyology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario
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Marramà G, Carnevale G, Naylor GJP, Kriwet J. Reappraisal of the Eocene whiptail stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Dasyatidae) of the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy. ZOOL SCR 2019; 48:168-184. [PMID: 30983683 PMCID: PMC6446806 DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Eocene whiptail stingrays of the family Dasyatidae from the Bolca Lagerstätte, NE Italy, are revised herein in detail. The analysis of the anatomical and morphometric features allows us to identify the species "Dasyatis" zigni (Molin, 1861) as a junior synonym of "D." muricatus (Volta, 1796), and to assign it to the new genus Tethytrygon gen. n. This new taxon exhibits a unique combination of features (e.g., rhombic disc wider than long, elongated tail folds fail to reach the tip of the tail, thorns absent, single serrated tail sting, "caniniform" teeth on upper jaw, tooth crown ornamentation absent, 175-179 vertebrae, 108-117 pectoral radials, 24-27 pelvic radials and other features of clasper anatomy) that clearly support its attribution to the subfamily Neotrygoninae of the stingray family Dasyatidae. The morphological and phylogenetic affinities of Tethytrygon gen. n. with the living neotrygonines (Neotrygon and Taeniura) suggest a close association of this taxon with the tropical shallow-water habitats hypothesized for the Bolca palaeoenvironment during the early Eocene. Moreover, the analysis of the fossil occurrences of the neotrygonines provides new insights into the role of the Tethys for the origin and evolutionary history of certain whiptail stingrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Carnevale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della TerraUniversità degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Gavin J. P. Naylor
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Department of PalaeontologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Lameiras JLV, Costa OTFD, Dos-Santos MC. Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes – Potamotrygoninae): biology, general features and envenomation. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1542406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Luiza Varjão Lameiras
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa
- Laboratório de Microscopia Quantitativa, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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27
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Fanti F, Mazzuferi G, Marramà G. Egg preservation in an Eocene stingray (Myliobatiformes, Dasyatidae) from Italy. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 2019; 39:e1578967. [PMID: 31709026 PMCID: PMC6817316 DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1578967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, Bologna 40126, Italy,
- Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni 63, Bologna 40126, Italy,
| | - Gabriele Mazzuferi
- Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni 63, Bologna 40126, Italy,
| | - Giuseppe Marramà
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria,
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Moreira RA, de Carvalho MR. Morphology of the clasper musculature in rays (Chondrichthyes; Elasmobranchii: Batoidea), with comments on their phylogenetic interrelationships. J Morphol 2018; 279:1827-1839. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan A. Moreira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo R. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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29
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Marramà G, Schultz O, Kriwet J. A new Miocene skate from the Central Paratethys (Upper Austria): the first unambiguous skeletal record for the Rajiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batomorphii). JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY 2018; 17:937-960. [PMID: 31156351 PMCID: PMC6510527 DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1486336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A new fossil skate, Ostarriraja parva gen. et sp. nov., represented by a single partial articulated skeleton collected from the early Miocene fish-bearing strata of Upper Austria, is described here in detail. This taxon exhibits a unique combination of skeletal and dental features (e.g. nasal capsules broad and oval; presence of pectoral arch; compound radial articulated with single radial segments in serial fashion; separated pelvic girdle condyles; reduced catenated calcification of radials; about 86 pectoral radials; 20-21 pelvic-fin radials; 65-70 predorsal vertebrae) that clearly support its assignment to a new genus of the order Rajiformes, and the phylogenetic analyses reveal its basal position within the group. The comparison between Ostarriraja and the holomorphic batoids from Late Cretaceous of Lebanon traditionally aligned with skates concurs to suggest that this Neogene occurrence represents unquestionably the first known skeletal record for the group. The morphological and phylogenetic affinities of Ostarriraja with the living skates suggest a close association of this taxon with the temperate-cold water environments hypothesized for the Central Paratethys during the early Miocene. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8BB8F0F3-35C5-47FA-AE3C-2CBF445C4BCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marramà
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ortwin Schultz
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Geology and Paleontology, Burgring 7, 1010Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Hall KC, Hundt PJ, Swenson JD, Summers AP, Crow KD. The evolution of underwater flight: The redistribution of pectoral fin rays, in manta rays and their relatives (Myliobatidae). J Morphol 2018; 279:1155-1170. [PMID: 29878395 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Batoids are a diverse clade of flat cartilaginous fishes that occur primarily in benthic marine habitats. The skates and rays typically use their flexible pectoral fins for feeding and propulsion via undulatory swimming. However, two groups of rays have adopted a pelagic or bentho-pelagic lifestyle and utilize oscillatory swimming-the Myliobatidae and Gymnuridae. The myliobatids have evolved cephalic lobes, anteriorly extended appendages that are optimized for feeding, while their pectoral fins exhibit several modifications that likely arose in association with functional optimization of pelagic cruising via oscillatory flight. Here, we examine variation in fin ray distribution and ontogenetic timing of fin ray development in batoid pectoral fins in an evolutionary context using the following methods: radiography, computed tomography, dissections, and cleared and stained specimens. We propose an index for characterizing variation in the distribution of pectoral fin rays. While undulatory swimmers exhibit symmetry or slight anterior bias, we found a posterior shift in the distribution of fin rays that arose in two distinct lineages in association with oscillatory swimming. Undulatory and oscillatory swimmers occupy nonoverlapping morphospace with respect to fin ray distribution illustrating significant remodeling of pectoral fins in oscillatory swimmers. Further, we describe a derived skeletal feature in anterior pectoral fins of the Myliobatidae that is likely associated with optimization of oscillatory swimming. By examining the distribution of fin rays with clearly defined articulation points, we were able to infer evolutionary trends and body plan remodeling associated with invasion of the pelagic environment. Finally, we found that the number and distribution of fin rays is set early in development in the little skate, round stingray, and cownose ray, suggesting that fin ray counts from specimens after birth or hatching are representative of adults and therefore comparable among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C Hall
- Department of Biology, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 94132
| | - Peter J Hundt
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - John D Swenson
- Department of Biology, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 94132
| | - Adam P Summers
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, 620 University Rd, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250
| | - Karen D Crow
- Department of Biology, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 94132
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31
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Marramà G, Klug S, de Vos J, Kriwet J. Anatomy, relationships and palaeobiogeographic implications of the first Neogene holomorphic stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from the early Miocene of Sulawesi, Indonesia, SE Asia. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marramà
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Klug
- University of Manchester, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - John de Vos
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg, CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse, Vienna, Austria
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32
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de Moreira RA, Loboda TS, de Carvalho MR. Comparative anatomy of the clasper of the subfamily Potamotrygoninae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes). J Morphol 2018; 279:598-608. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan A. de Moreira
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 101; São Paulo SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Thiago S. Loboda
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 101; São Paulo SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Marcelo R. de Carvalho
- Department of Ichthyology, Division of the Vertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street; New York New York 10024
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33
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Schaeffner BC, Marques FPL. Integrative taxonomy unravels the species diversity of Parachristianella (Cestoda : Trypanorhyncha) from both sides of the Panamanian isthmus. INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The uplift of the Panamanian isthmus in the Pliocene caused the termination of gene flow among members of many ancestral populations of marine lineages leading the diversification of geminate species confined to opposite sides of Central America. This palaeogeographical event has been evoked to explain the diversification of few lineages of batoids with trans-isthmian distribution. As such, there is the expectation that this vicariance event also affected lineages of parasites associated with them. Our study suggests that this event can explain the diversification of Parachristianella Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha:Eutetrarhynchidae) in the Caribbean Sea and tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. We provide molecular, morphological and biogeographical evidence to recognise five lineages within this genus inhabiting the coastal waters of Panama, including P. parva Campbell & Beveridge, 2007 and four new species: P. mendozai, sp. nov., P. kuchtai, sp. nov., P. campbelli, sp. nov. and P. soldanovae, sp. nov. These species can be diagnosed by unambiguous sets of molecular characters. The morphological cohesiveness of sister species, which most likely diverged from around 3million years ago through the uplift of the Panamanian isthmus, suggests that the traditional emphasis on the tentacular armature to circumscribe species within trypanorhynchs might underestimate the diversity of recently diverged lineages.
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34
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Lameiras JLV, Moura VMD, Dias LC, Santos IGCD, Costa OTFD, Dos-Santos MC. Cross-reactivity betweenPotamotrygon motoroantivenoms and dorsal and stinger extracts of others stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Amazon basin. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1394324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Luiza Varjão Lameiras
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Valéria Mourão de Moura
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Lucas Castanhola Dias
- Laboratório Temático de Microscopia Ótica e Eletrônica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ilia Gilmara Carvalho dos Santos
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa
- Laboratório de Microscopia Quantitativa, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
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35
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Fontenelle JP, Loboda TS, Kolmann M, de Carvalho MR. Angular cartilage structure and variation in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), with comments on their function and evolution. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Fontenelle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thiago S Loboda
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthew Kolmann
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
| | - Marcelo R de Carvalho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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36
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Trevisan B, Primon JF, Marques FPL. Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184632. [PMID: 28953933 PMCID: PMC5617167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tapeworms of the genus Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 are found in both marine and Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The patterns of host association within the genus support the most recent hypothesis about the history of diversification of potamotrygonids, which suggests that the ancestor of freshwater lineages of the Potamotrygonidae colonized South American river systems through marine incursion events. Despite the relevance of the genus Anindobothrium to understand the history of colonization and diversification of potamotrygonids, no additional efforts were done to better investigate the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon with other lineages of cestodes since its erection. This study is a result of recent collecting efforts to sample members of the genus in marine and freshwater potamotrygonids that enabled the most extensive documentation of the fauna of Anindobothrium parasitizing species of Styracura de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, P. orbignyi (Castelnau) and P. yepezi Castex & Castello from six different countries, representing the eastern Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and river basins in South America (Rio Negro, Orinoco, and Maracaibo). The newly collected material provided additional specimens for morphological studies and molecular samples for subsequent phylogenetic analyses that allowed us to address the phylogenetic position of Anindobothrium and provide molecular and morphological evidence to recognize two additional species for the genus. The taxonomic actions that followed our analyses included the proposition of a new family, Anindobothriidae fam. n., to accommodate the genus Anindobothrium in the order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009 and the description of two new species-one from the eastern Pacific Ocean, A. carrioni sp. n., and the other from the Caribbean Sea, A. inexpectatum sp. n. In addition, we also present a redescription of the type species of the genus, A. anacolum (Brooks, 1977) Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001, and of A. lisae Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001. Finally, we discuss the paleogeographical events mostly linked with the diversification of the genus and the protocols adopted to uncover cryptic diversity in Anindobothrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Trevisan
- Curso de Pós-graduação/Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia/Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Primon
- Departamento de Zoologia/Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando P. L. Marques
- Departamento de Zoologia/Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Dos Santos JC, Grund LZ, Seibert CS, Marques EE, Soares AB, Quesniaux VF, Ryffel B, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. Stingray venom activates IL-33 producing cardiomyocytes, but not mast cell, to promote acute neutrophil-mediated injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7912. [PMID: 28801624 PMCID: PMC5554156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues. We investigated molecular mechanisms implicated in acute neutrophilic inflammation induced by the venom of a freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon cf. henlei) in mice. Ray venom induced early mobilization of neutrophil in the microvasculature of cremaster mice and infiltration of the peritoneal cavity 2 hours after injury, in a dose-response manner. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and KC were produced. The neutrophilic infiltration did not occur in mice with ST2 receptor and MyD88 adapters neutralized, or in those with PI3K and p38 MAPK signaling blocked. Drastic reduction of neutrophil infiltration to peritoneal cavities was observed in ST2−/−, TLR2/TLR4−/−, MyD88−/−, TRIF−/− and IL-17A−/− mice, and a partial reduction was observed in IL-18R−/− mice. Mast cell Kit W(sh)/W(sh)-, AHR-, NLRP3-, ICE-, IL-1β-, P2RX7-, CD39-, IL-17RA-, and TBX21 KO mice retain the ability to induce neutrophilia in peritoneal cavity after ray venom injection. IL-6 and TNF-α alone were insufficient for promote neutrophilia in the absence of ST2 signaling. Finally, abundant production of IL-33 by cardiomyocytes was observed. These results refine our understanding of the importance of the IL-33/ST2 axis and IL-33-producing cardiomyocytes in the early acute neutrophilia induced by freshwater stingray venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidiane Zito Grund
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valerie F Quesniaux
- Allergy and Lung Inflammation Unit of the Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics (CNRS), Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Allergy and Lung Inflammation Unit of the Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics (CNRS), Orléans, France
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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38
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Cunha CM, Oliveira LE, Kfoury JR. Comparative anatomy of the extraocular muscles in four Myliobatoidei rays (Batoidea, Myliobatiformes). J Anat 2016; 228:877-86. [PMID: 26853799 PMCID: PMC4831342 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraocular muscles are classically grouped as four rectus and two oblique muscles. However, their description and potential associations with species behavior are limited. The objective was to characterize extraocular muscles in four Myliobatoidei rays from diverse habitats with divergent behaviors. Heads (10 per species) of Dasyatis hypostigma, Gymnura altavela, Mobula thurstoni and Pteroplatytrygon violacea were decalcified and dissected to characterize and describe extraocular muscles. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate relationships between muscle length and species; for P. violacea, D. hypostigma and G. altavela, these were qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the general pattern of extraocular muscles in vertebrates. In contrast, for M. thurstoni, the two oblique muscles were completely fused and there was a seventh extraocular muscle, named m. lateral rectus β (both were apparently novel findings in this species). There were also significant differences in eye disposition in the chondrocranium. The PCA axis 1 (rectus muscles) and PCA axis 2 (oblique muscles) accounted for 98.47% of data variability. Extraocular muscles had significant differences in length and important anatomical differences among sampled species that facilitated grouping species according to their life history. In conclusion, extraocular muscles are not uniform in all vertebrate species, thereby providing another basis for comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo M Cunha
- Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luciano E Oliveira
- Ecology and Environmental Resources Post Graduation Program, Uberlândia Federal University, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - José R Kfoury
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
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39
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Marques FPL, Caira JN. Pararhinebothroides—Neither the Sister-Taxon ofRhinebothroidesNor a Valid Genus. J Parasitol 2016; 102:249-59. [DOI: 10.1645/15-894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Garcia DA, Lasso CA, Morales M, Caballero SJ. Molecular systematics of the freshwater stingrays (myliobatiformes: potamotrygonidae) of the Amazon, Orinoco, Magdalena, Esequibo, Caribbean, and Maracaibo basins (Colombia - Venezuela): evidence from three mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4479-4491. [PMID: 26702899 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lack of adequate information about the taxonomic and evolutionary relationships, ecology, biology, and distribution of several species belonging to the family Potamotrygonidae makes these species vulnerable to anthropic activities, including commercial overexploitation for the ornamental fish market. The aim of this study was to investigate the systematic relationships among genera and species belonging to this family by analyses of three mitochondrial gene regions. Samples were collected from the main river basins in Colombia and Venezuela for four genera and seven species of the family, as well as for what appear to be unidentified species. Three mitochondrial molecular markers COI, Cytb, and ATP6 were amplified and sequenced. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis were performed to obtain topologies for each marker and for a concatenated dataset including the three genes. Small dataset may compromise some methods estimations of sequence divergence in the ATP6 marker. Monophyly of the four genera in Potamotrygonidae was confirmed and phylogenetic relationships among members of the Potamotrygon genus were not clearly resolved. However, results obtained with the molecular marker Cytb appear to offer a good starting point to differentiate among genera and species as a tool that could be used for barcoding. The application of this gene as a barcode could be applied for management and regulation of extraction practices for these genera. Sequencing complete mitochondrial genomes would be the next step for testing evolutionary hypothesis among these genera. Population structure analyses should be undertaken for Paratrygon, Potamotrygon magdalenae and motoro.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alejandro Garcia
- a Laboratorio De Ecología Molecular De Vertebrados Acuáticos , Universidad De Los Andes , Bogota , Colombia and
| | - Carlos Andres Lasso
- b Instituto De Investigación De Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Monica Morales
- b Instituto De Investigación De Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Susana Josefina Caballero
- a Laboratorio De Ecología Molecular De Vertebrados Acuáticos , Universidad De Los Andes , Bogota , Colombia and
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41
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Fontenelle JP, de Carvalho MR. Systematic implications of brain morphology in potamotrygonidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes). J Morphol 2015; 277:252-63. [PMID: 26592726 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The gross brain morphology, brain proportions, and position of cranial nerves in all four genera (Potamotrygon, Plesiotrygon, Paratrygon, and Heliotrygon) and 11 of the species of the Neotropical stingray family Potamotrygonidae were studied to provide new characters that may have a bearing on internal potamotrygonid systematics. The brain was also studied in four other stingray (Myliobatiformes) genera (Hexatrygon, Taeniura, Dasyatis, and Gymnura) to provide a more inclusive phylogenetic context for the interpretation of features of the brain in potamotrygonids. Our results indicate, based on neuroanatomical characters, that the genera Paratrygon and Heliotrygon are sister groups, as are the genera Potamotrygon and Plesiotrygon, agreeing with previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. Both groups of genera share distinct conditions of the olfactory tracts, telencephalon and its central nuclei, hypophysis and infundibulum, morphology and orientation of the metencephalic corpus cerebelli, orientation of the glossopharyngeal nerve, and overall encephalic proportions. The corpus cerebelli of Paratrygon and Heliotrygon is interpreted as being more similar to the general batoid condition and, given their phylogenetic position highly nested within stingrays, is considered secondarily derived, not plesiomorphically retained. Our observations of the corpus cerebelli of stingrays, including Hexatrygon, corroborate that the general stingray pattern previously advanced by Northcutt is derived among batoids. The morphology of the brain is shown to be a useful source of phylogenetically informative characters at lower hierarchical levels, such as between genera and species, and thus, has significant potential in phylogenetic studies of elasmobranchs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Fontenelle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Office s552, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Marcelo R de Carvalho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, No. 101, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lujan NK, Meza-Vargas V, Barriga-Salazar R. Two NewChaetostomaGroup (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) Sister Genera from Opposite Sides of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador, with the Description of One New Species. COPEIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-15-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kolmann MA, Huber DR, Motta PJ, Grubbs RD. Feeding biomechanics of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, over ontogeny. J Anat 2015; 227:341-51. [PMID: 26183820 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth affects the performance of structure, so the pattern of growth must influence the role of a structure and an organism. Because animal performance is linked to morphological specialization, ontogenetic change in size may influence an organism's biological role. High bite force generation is presumably selected for in durophagous taxa. Therefore, these animals provide an excellent study system for investigating biomechanical consequences of growth on performance. An ontogenetic series of 27 cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) were dissected in order to develop a biomechanical model of the feeding mechanism, which was then compared with bite forces measured from live rays. Mechanical advantage of the feeding apparatus was generally conserved throughout ontogeny, while an increase in the mass and cross-sectional area of the jaw adductors resulted in allometric gains in bite force generation. Of primary importance to forceful biting in this taxon is the use of a fibrocartilaginous tendon associated with the insertion of the primary jaw adductor division. This tendon may serve to redirect muscle forces anteriorly, transmitting them within the plane of biting. Measured bite forces obtained through electrostimulation of the jaw adductors in live rays were higher than predicted, possibly due to differences in specific tension of actual batoid muscle and that used in the model. Mass-specific bite forces in these rays are the highest recorded for elasmobranchs. Cownose rays exemplify a species that, through allometric growth of bite performance and morphological novelties, have expanded their ecological performance over ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kolmann
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Daniel R Huber
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philip J Motta
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - R Dean Grubbs
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, St Teresa, FL, USA
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ADNET SYLVAIN, CAPPETTA HENRI, GUINOT GUILLAUME, NOTARBARTOLO DI SCIARA GIUSEPPE. Evolutionary history of the devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) from fossil and morphological inference. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A Severe Accident Caused by an Ocellate River Stingray (Potamotrygon motoro) in Central Brazil: How Well Do We Really Understand Stingray Venom Chemistry, Envenomation, and Therapeutics? Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2272-88. [PMID: 26094699 PMCID: PMC4488702 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater stingrays cause many serious human injuries, but identification of the offending species is uncommon. The present case involved a large freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon motoro (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), in the Araguaia River in Tocantins, Brazil. Appropriate first aid was administered within ~15 min, except that an ice pack was applied. Analgesics provided no pain relief, although hot compresses did. Ciprofloxacin therapy commenced after ~18 h and continued seven days. Then antibiotic was suspended; however, after two more days and additional tests, cephalosporin therapy was initiated, and proved successful. Pain worsened despite increasingly powerful analgesics, until debridement of the wound was performed after one month. The wound finally closed ~70 days after the accident, but the patient continued to have problems wearing shoes even eight months later. Chemistry and pharmacology of Potamotrygon venom and mucus, and clinical management of freshwater stingray envenomations are reviewed in light of the present case. Bacterial infections of stingray puncture wounds may account for more long-term morbidity than stingray venom. Simultaneous prophylactic use of multiple antibiotics is recommended for all but the most superficial stingray wounds. Distinguishing relative contributions of venom, mucus, and bacteria will require careful genomic and transcriptomic investigations of stingray tissues and contaminating bacteria.
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Da Silva JPCB, De Carvalho MR. Morphology and phylogenetic significance of the pectoral articular region in elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes). Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo C. B. Da Silva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão Travessa 14, no. 101 05508-090 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo R. De Carvalho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão Travessa 14, no. 101 05508-090 São Paulo SP Brazil
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Comparative morphology of the juvenile skeleton in freshwater stingrays with special focus on Paratrygon aiereba (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). ZOOL ANZ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Poortvliet M, Olsen JL, Croll DA, Bernardi G, Newton K, Kollias S, O'Sullivan J, Fernando D, Stevens G, Galván Magaña F, Seret B, Wintner S, Hoarau G. A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 83:72-85. [PMID: 25462995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Manta and devil rays are an iconic group of globally distributed pelagic filter feeders, yet their evolutionary history remains enigmatic. We employed next generation sequencing of mitogenomes for nine of the 11 recognized species and two outgroups; as well as additional Sanger sequencing of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes in an extended taxon sampling set. Analysis of the mitogenome coding regions in a Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian framework provided a well-resolved phylogeny. The deepest divergences distinguished three clades with high support, one containing Manta birostris, Manta alfredi, Mobula tarapacana, Mobula japanica and Mobula mobular; one containing Mobula kuhlii, Mobula eregoodootenkee and Mobula thurstoni; and one containing Mobula munkiana, Mobula hypostoma and Mobula rochebrunei. Mobula remains paraphyletic with the inclusion of Manta, a result that is in agreement with previous studies based on molecular and morphological data. A fossil-calibrated Bayesian random local clock analysis suggests that mobulids diverged from Rhinoptera around 30 Mya. Subsequent divergences are characterized by long internodes followed by short bursts of speciation extending from an initial episode of divergence in the Early and Middle Miocene (19-17 Mya) to a second episode during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.6 Mya - recent). Estimates of divergence dates overlap significantly with periods of global warming, during which upwelling intensity - and related high primary productivity in upwelling regions - decreased markedly. These periods are hypothesized to have led to fragmentation and isolation of feeding regions leading to possible regional extinctions, as well as the promotion of allopatric speciation. The closely shared evolutionary history of mobulids in combination with ongoing threats from fisheries and climate change effects on upwelling and food supply, reinforces the case for greater protection of this charismatic family of pelagic filter feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Poortvliet
- Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Universitetet i Nordland, Universitetsalleen 11, 8049 Bodø, Norway.
| | - Jeanine L Olsen
- Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Donald A Croll
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Giacomo Bernardi
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Kelly Newton
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Spyros Kollias
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Universitetet i Nordland, Universitetsalleen 11, 8049 Bodø, Norway.
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USA.
| | - Daniel Fernando
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE 39182 Kalmar, Sweden; The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 0NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Guy Stevens
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 0NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Felipe Galván Magaña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, Mexico.
| | - Bernard Seret
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, CP 51, rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Sabine Wintner
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, 1A Herrwood Drive, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, South Africa; Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, University Road, Westville 3600, South Africa.
| | - Galice Hoarau
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Universitetet i Nordland, Universitetsalleen 11, 8049 Bodø, Norway.
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Mulvany S, Motta PJ. Prey capture kinematics in batoids using different prey types: investigating the role of the cephalic lobes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 321:515-30. [PMID: 25074721 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cephalic lobes are novel structures found in some myliobatid stingrays. While undulatory batoids utilize the pectoral fins for prey capture and locomotion, lobed species partition locomotion to the pectoral fins, utilizing the lobes exclusively for prey capture. We investigated the use of the anterior pectoral fins and cephalic lobes in prey capture in five batoid species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the: (1) prey capture kinematics and use of the cephalic lobes in lobed and lobeless batoids; (2) role of the cephalic lobes in modulating capture behavior based on prey type. It was hypothesized that lobed species would display unique capture behaviors resulting in faster and more successful capture of prey, and display greater modulation in capture behavior. Findings showed that lobed species used only the head region for capture, were faster at pouncing and tenting, but slower at mouth opening. The cephalic lobes were more movable than the anterior pectoral fins of lobeless species. Modulation occurred in all species. Elusive prey increased tent duration for the lobeless species, increased mouth opening duration in the lobed Aetobatus narinari, and were farther away from the mouth than non-elusive prey during biting for all species. All species had few prey escapes. Overall, species with cephalic lobes captured prey faster but did not display increased modulatory ability or feeding success. The cephalic lobes help localize prey capture to the head region, speeding up the prey capture event and maintaining an efficient capture rate despite having less flexible pectoral fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mulvany
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Kolmann MA, Huber DR, Dean MN, Grubbs RD. Myological variability in a decoupled skeletal system: Batoid cranial anatomy. J Morphol 2014; 275:862-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kolmann
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory; St. Teresa Florida 32358
| | - Daniel R. Huber
- Department of Biology; University of Tampa; Tampa Florida 33606
| | - Mason N. Dean
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam 14424 Germany
| | - R. Dean Grubbs
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory; St. Teresa Florida 32358
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