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Colaço G, da Silva HR. Finding a pathway through the rocks: the role of development on the evolution of quasi-terrestriality and the origin of endotrophism in cycloramphids (Anura). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Anurans have served as models in evolutionary studies on reproduction and development. Several generalizations have emerged but it is unclear whether they represent the diversity of the entire group. We studied the development of two species of the Neotropical family Cycloramphidae. Frogs in this family have peculiar spawning sites and developmental biologies. Whereas some cycloramphid tadpoles are exotrophic, quasi-terrestrial and thrive in films of water that flow over rocky outcrops, others are endotrophic, terrestrial and complete their development outside the eggs laid on the forest floor, under logs or in crevices. Cycloramphid tadpoles have aspects of their morphology distinct from those of pond and stream dwellers; they hatch in more advanced stages of development and have typical tadpole structures, either in a modified form or absent. Herein we present a study of the tadpoles of C. lithomimeticus and T. miliaris, in order to document and discuss alterations in the ontogeny of several larval structures. These changes seem to be associated with adaptations to life in the peculiar habitats where the tadpoles thrive. We infer that the observations we present are explained by development being associated with aspects of terrestrialization and endotrophism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Colaço
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , Seropédica, RJ , Brazil
| | - Helio Ricardo da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , Seropédica, RJ , Brazil
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2
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Untangling the morphological contradiction: First ontogenetic description of the post-hatching skeleton of the direct-developing frog Brachycephalus garbeanus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae) with comments on the genus miniaturization. ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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3
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Vassilieva AB, Smirnov SV. Increasing Hormonal Control of Skeletal Development: An Evolutionary Trend in Amphibians. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.733947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biphasic life history of amphibians includes metamorphosis, a complex developmental event that involves drastic changes in the morphology, physiology and biochemistry accompanying the transition from the larval to adult stage of development. Thyroid hormones (THs) are widely known to orchestrate this remodeling and, in particular, to mediate the development of the bony skeleton, which is a model system in evolutionary morphological studies of amphibians. Detailed experimental studies of the role of THs in the craniogenesis of diverse urodelan amphibians revealed that (i) these hormones affect both the timing and sequence of bone formation, (ii) TH involvement increases in parallel with the increase in divergence between larval and adult skull morphology, and (iii) among urodelans, TH-involvement in skull development changes from a minimum in basal salamanders (Hynobiidae) to the most pronounced in derived ones (Salamandridae and Plethodontidae). Given the increasing regulatory function of THs in urodelan evolution, we hypothesized a stronger involvement of THs in the control of skeletogenesis in anurans with their most complex and dramatic metamorphosis among all amphibians. Our experimental study of skeletal development in the hypo- and hyperthyroid yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata: Bombinatoridae) supports the greater involvement of THs in the mediation of all stages of anuran cranial and postcranial bones formation. Similar to urodelans, B. variegata displays enhancing TH involvement in the development of cranial bones that arise during larval ontogeny: while the hormonal impact on early larval ossifications is minimal, the skull bones forming during metamorphosis are strictly TH-inducible. However, in contrast to urodelans, all cranial bones, including the earliest to form, are TH-dependent in B. variegata; moreover, the development of all elements of the axial and limb skeleton is affected by THs. The more accentuated hormonal control of skeletogenesis in B. variegata demonstrates the advanced regulatory and inductive function of THs in the orchestration of anuran metamorphosis. Based on these findings, we discuss (i) changes in THs function in amphibian evolution and (ii) the role of THs in the evolution of life histories in amphibians.
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4
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Cruz JC. Histo‐morphology of the thyroid gland during the larval development of
Pleurodema borellii
(Anura, Leptodactylidae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Cruz
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA CCT CONICET Salta‐Jujuy Salta Argentina
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5
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Grosso J, Baldo D, Costa CS, Natale GS, Candioti FV. Embryonic ontogeny of three species of Horned Frogs, with a review of early development in Ceratophryidae. J Morphol 2019; 281:17-32. [PMID: 31705582 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Horned Frogs of the family Ceratophryidae are conspicuous anurans represented by three endemic South American genera. Most ceratophryids inhabit semiarid environments, but three species of Ceratophrys occupy tropical or temperate humid areas. Several morphological and behavioral characters of larvae and adults are conserved across the family. Based on examination of specimens and accounts in the literature, the embryonic development of C. ornata, C. cranwelli, and the monotypic genus Chacophrys are described and compared with that of species of Lepidobatrachus. Ceratophryid embryos share a suite of morphological features and heterochronic shifts during development. Most features, such as gill structure, ciliation, early hatching, and precocious differentiation of the gut and hind limbs, are shared by all the species regardless the differences in the habitats that occupy. This is consistent with previous observations of some adult characters, and likely supports the hypothesis of an early diversification of ceratophryids in semiarid environments. Other embryonic features, such as the morphology and ontogeny of the oral disc and digestive tract, are correlated with larval feeding habits and vary within the family. The evolutionary and ecological significance of some conserved characters (e.g., gastrulation pattern, Type-A adhesive glands) and other taxon-specific features (e.g., nasal appendix) remain to be explored in the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Grosso
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-FML), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Carolina Salgado Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM, UNLP-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM, UNLP-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Quinzio SI. The ontogeny of the lateral line system in Telmatobius atacamensis (Anura, Telmatobiidae). J Morphol 2019; 281:4-16. [PMID: 31692029 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The lateral line system in anurans is functional during aquatic stages and therefore could provide characters related to larval morphological variation. However, few studies have addressed its components in an integrated overview, and little is known about its ontogenetic variation. This study describes the postembryonic trajectory of the lateral system in Telmatobius atacamensis up to its metamorphic regression. This includes structure, number, topography, and innervation of neuromasts, to contribute new and complete information about its larval organization and its temporal sequence of regression. The arrangement and innervation of lateral lines in T. atacamensis resembles those described for other Type IV tadpoles. Its distinctive features are the orientation of the neuromast stitches in the lateral lines, the presence of supraotic neuromasts, and the first-described case of asymmetry of the ventral trunk line. The temporal sequence of regression during metamorphosis differs between the lateral lines and the lateral line nerves, which remain myelinated into postmetamorphic stages. This asynchronous pattern between different components of the system has also been described for Pseudis paradoxa, which shares with T. atacamensis a remarkably long larval period. This long larval period and gradual metamorphosis could also be related to the constitutive metamorphic regression of the system, in spite of the aquatic lifestyle of these frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia I Quinzio
- Instituto de Bio y GeoCiencias del NOA (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta-Jujuy, Rosario de Lerma, Salta, Argentina
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7
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Araujo-Vieira K, Blotto BL, Caramaschi U, Haddad CFB, Faivovich J, Grant T. A total evidence analysis of the phylogeny of hatchet-faced treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae: Sphaenorhynchus). Cladistics 2019; 35:469-486. [PMID: 34618945 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical hylid genus Sphaenorhynchus includes 15 species of small, greenish treefrogs widespread in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Although some studies have addressed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus with other hylids using a few exemplar species, its internal relationships remain poorly understood. In order to test its monophyly and the relationships among its species, we performed a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of sequences of three mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, and 193 phenotypic characters from all species of Sphaenorhynchus. Our results support the monophyly of Sphaenorhynchus with molecular and phenotypic evidence, with S. pauloalvini as the earliest diverging taxon, followed by S. carneus, as the sister taxon of all remaining species of the genus. We recognize three species groups in Sphaenorhynchus (the S. lacteus, S. planicola and S. platycephalus groups), to facilitate its taxonomic study; only three species (S. carneus, S. pauloalvini and S. prasinus) remain unassigned to any group. Sequence data were not available for only two species (S. bromelicola and S. palustris) for which we scored phenotypic data; wildcard behaviour was detected only in S. bromelicola nested inside the S. platycephalus group. On the basis of the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis, we discuss the evolution of oviposition site and a number of phenotypic characters that could be associated with heterochronic events in the evolutionary history of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET, Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - Boris L Blotto
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET, Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina.,Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Caramaschi
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Celio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Zoologia and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET, Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Taran Grant
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
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8
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Duport-Bru AS, Ponssa ML, Vera Candioti F. Postmetamorphic ontogenetic allometry and the evolution of skull shape in Nest-building frogs Leptodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Evol Dev 2019; 21:265-277. [PMID: 31356726 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allometry constitutes an important source of morphological variation. However, its influence in head development in anurans has been poorly explored. By using geometric morphometrics followed by statistical and comparative methods we analyzed patterns of allometric change during cranial postmetamorphic ontogeny in species of Nest-building frogs Leptodactylus (Leptodactylidae). We found that the anuran skull is not a static structure, and allometry plays an important role in defining its shape in this group. Similar to other groups with biphasic life-cycle, and following a general trend in vertebrates, ontogenetic changes mostly involve rearrangement in rostral, otoccipital, and suspensorium regions. Ontogenetic transformations are paralleled by shape changes associated with evolutionary change in size, such that the skulls of species of different intrageneric groups are scaled to each other, and small and large species show patterns of paedomorphic/peramorphic features, respectively. Allometric trajectories producing those phenotypes are highly evolvable though, with shape change direction and magnitude varying widely among clades, and irrespective of changes in absolute body size. These results reinforce the importance of large-scale comparisons of growth patterns to understand the plasticity, evolution, and polarity of morphological changes in different clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Duport-Bru
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María L Ponssa
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), Tucumán, Argentina
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9
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Grosso J, Baldo D, Cardozo D, Kolenc F, Borteiro C, de Oliveira MIR, Bonino MF, Barrasso DA, Vera Candioti F. Early ontogeny and sequence heterochronies in Leiuperinae frogs (Anura: Leptodactylidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218733. [PMID: 31246982 PMCID: PMC6597095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of early development in Neotropical Leiuperinae frogs (Anura, Leptodactylidae) has been addressed by several works in recent times. However, a comparative developmental approach under a phylogenetic context was not available. Herein we analyzed the morphological and ontogenetic diversity of embryos belonging to 22 species of the three largest genera in Leiuperinae. We find that in most cases, variations fit with the phylogeny at the inter- and intrageneric levels. Embryo kyphosis and whitish color are synapomorphies for the clade grouping Physalaemus and Engystomops. The presence of a third lower tooth row on the oral disc is plesiomorphic for Leiuperinae, only changing in derived clades. The configurations and developmental trajectories of the lower lip are exceptionally diverse. The developmental sequences optimized on the phylogenetic tree recover an early differentiated first lower tooth row a synapomorphy of Pseudopaludicola and Physalaemus, and an early differentiated second row as synapomorphy of Pleurodema. On the other hand, few features are highly conserved in the subfamily, such as the adhesive glands universally present in a type-C configuration. Our results also suggest that the morphology and ontogeny of embryos is in some cases associated to the environment where they develop. A large body size, poorly developed transient respiratory structures, large yolk provision and delayed development of the digestive tract occur convergently in embryos inhabiting cold, oxygenated environments. Embryos that develop in warmer water bodies in xeric environments show more complex and persistent transient respiratory structures and an early onset of hind limbs development. Our survey highlights that morphology and early development of anurans can be a valuable source of information for phylogenetic studies, and provide fundamental bases to explore and discuss how evolutionary changes can be shaped by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Grosso
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-FML), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, (IBS-CONICET), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Darío Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, (IBS-CONICET), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Francisco Kolenc
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudio Borteiro
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marianna I. R. de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução (PPGBioEvo-UFBA), Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Bonino
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biología Evolutiva y Comportamiento de Herpetozoos (LEBECH), INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo), Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Barrasso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Chubut, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia “San Juan Bosco” (UNPSJB), Chubut, Argentina
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10
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Goldberg J, Quinzio SI, Cruz JC, Fabrezi M. Intraspecific developmental variation in the life cycle of the Andean Treefrog (Boana riojana): A temporal analysis. J Morphol 2019; 280:480-493. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Goldberg
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO-CONICET); Salta Argentina
| | | | - Julio César Cruz
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO-CONICET); Salta Argentina
| | - Marissa Fabrezi
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO-CONICET); Salta Argentina
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11
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Iwasaki SI, Erdoğan S, Asami T. Evolutionary Specialization of the Tongue in Vertebrates: Structure and Function. FEEDING IN VERTEBRATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13739-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Marangoni F, Stănescu F, Courtis A, Piñeiro JM, Ingaramo MDR, Cajade R, Cogălniceanu D. Coping with Aridity: Life History ofChacophrys pierottii,a Fossorial Anuran of Gran Chaco. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00070.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marangoni
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avenida Libertad 5400, cp. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Florina Stănescu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universităţii 1, campus B, Constanţa 900470, Romania
| | - Azul Courtis
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avenida Libertad 5400, cp. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - José Miguel Piñeiro
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avenida Libertad 5400, cp. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Fundación Amado Bonpland, San Juan 1182, cp. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María del Rosario Ingaramo
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avenida Libertad 5400, cp. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Cajade
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avenida Libertad 5400, cp. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Fundación Amado Bonpland, San Juan 1182, cp. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universităţii 1, campus B, Constanţa 900470, Romania
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13
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Quinzio SI, Fabrezi M. The peripheral nerves of Lepidobatrachus
tadpoles (Anura, Ceratophryidae). J Morphol 2018; 280:4-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia I. Quinzio
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO); Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta; Salta Argentina
| | - Marissa Fabrezi
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO); Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta; Salta Argentina
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14
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Brusquetti F, Netto F, Baldo D, Haddad CFB. What happened in the South American Gran Chaco? Diversification of the endemic frog genus Lepidobatrachus Budgett, 1899 (Anura: Ceratophryidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 123:123-136. [PMID: 29476908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Chaco is one the most neglected and least studied regions of the world. This highly-seasonal semiarid biome is an extensive continuous plain without any geographic barrier, and in spite of its high species diversity, the events and processes responsible have never been assessed. Miocene marine introgressions and Pleistocene glaciations have been mentioned as putative drivers of diversification for some groups of vertebrates in adjacent biomes of southern South America. Here we used multilocus data (one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci) from the three species of the endemic frog genus Lepidobatrachus (Lepidobatrachus asper, Lepidobatrachus laevis, and Lepidobatrachus llanensis) to determine if any of the historical events suggested as drivers of vertebrate diversification in southern South America are related to the diversification of the genus and if the Chaco is indeed a biome without barriers. Using fossil calibration in a coalescent framework we estimated that the genus diversified in the second half of the Miocene, coinciding with marine introgressions. Genetic patterns and historical demography suggest an important role of old archs and cratons as refuges during floods. In one species of the genus, L. llanensis, genetic structure reveals some breaks along the landscape, the main one of which corresponds to an area of the central Chaco that may act as a climatic barrier. Additionally, we found differential effects of the main Chacoan rivers on species of Lepidobatrachus that could be related to the time of persistence of populations in the areas influenced by these rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Brusquetti
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Del Escudo 1607, CP 1425 Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Flavia Netto
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Del Escudo 1607, CP 1425 Asunción, Paraguay; Itaipu Binacional, División de Áreas Protegidas, Dirección de Coordinación Ejecutiva, Av. Monseñor Rodriguez 150, Ciudad del Este, Alto Paraná, Paraguay
| | - Diego Baldo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Félix de Azara 1552, CPA N3300LQF, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Zoologia and Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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15
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Quinzio SI, Reiss JO. The ontogeny of the olfactory system in ceratophryid frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae). J Morphol 2017; 279:37-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia I. Quinzio
- Instituto de Bio y GeoCiencias del NOA (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET ̶ Salta. 9 de Julio 14. 4405. Rosario de Lerma; Salta Argentina
| | - John O. Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences; Humboldt State University; Arcata California
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16
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Fabrezi M, Goldberg J, Chuliver Pereyra M. Morphological Variation in Anuran Limbs: Constraints and Novelties. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2017; 328:546-574. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Fabrezi
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; IBIGEO (CONICET-UNSa); CCT-Salta Salta Argentina
| | - Javier Goldberg
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; IBIGEO (CONICET-UNSa); CCT-Salta Salta Argentina
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17
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Fabrezi M, Quinzio SI, Goldberg J, Cruz JC, Pereyra MC, Wassersug RJ. Developmental changes and novelties in ceratophryid frogs. EvoDevo 2016; 7:5. [PMID: 26925212 PMCID: PMC4769514 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-016-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical frog genera Ceratophrys, Chacophrys and Lepidobatrachus form the monophyletic family Ceratophryidae. Although in- and out-group relationships are not fully resolved, the monophyly of the three genera is well supported by both morphological and molecular data. Much is known about the morphology of the ceratophryids, but there is little comparative information on how modification of a common ancestral developmental pathway played a role in shaping their particular body plans. Herein, we review morphological variation during ceratophryid ontogeny in order to explore the role of development in their evolution. The ceratophryids are collectively characterized by rapid larval development with respect to other anurans, yet the three genera differ in their postmetamorphic growth rates to sexual maturity. Derived traits in the group can be divided into many homoplastic features that evolved in parallel with those of anurans with fossorial/burrowing behaviors in semiarid environments, and apomorphies. Morphological novelties have evolved in their feeding mechanism, which makes them capable of feeding on exceptional large prey. Lepidobatrachus is unusual in having reduced the ecomorphological differences between its larvae and adults. As a result, both the larvae and the frog are similarly able to capture large prey underwater. Some unique features in Lepidobatrachus are differentiated in the tadpole and then exaggerated in the adult (e.g., the posterior displaced jaw articulation) in a manner unobserved in any other anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Fabrezi
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Quinzio
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Javier Goldberg
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Julio César Cruz
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
| | - Mariana Chuliver Pereyra
- />Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET-Salta, 9 de Julio 14, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Salta Republic of Argentina
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Faivovich J, Nicoli L, Blotto BL, Pereyra MO, Baldo D, Barrionuevo JS, Fabrezi M, Wild ER, Haddad CF. Big, Bad, and Beautiful: Phylogenetic Relationships of the Horned Frogs (Anura: Ceratophryidae). SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-14-00032.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Nicoli
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Boris L. Blotto
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín O. Pereyra
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Misiones), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, N
| | - J. Sebastián Barrionuevo
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marissa Fabrezi
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Salta, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 9 de Julio 14, 4405, Rosario de Lerma, Salta, Argentina
| | - Erik R. Wild
- Department of Biology and Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54022, USA
| | - Célio F.B. Haddad
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24A1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ontogeny of the Thyroid Glands During Larval Development of South American Horned Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae). Evol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-014-9292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schalk CM, Montaña CG, Klemish JL, Wild ER. On the Diet of the Frogs of the Ceratophryidae:Synopsis and New Contributions. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-14-00008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Quinzio S, Fabrezi M. The lateral line system in anuran tadpoles: neuromast morphology, arrangement, and innervation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1508-22. [PMID: 24863412 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anuran larvae have been classified into four morphological types which reflect intraordinal macroevolution. At present, complete characterizations of the lateral line system are only available for Xenopus laevis (Type I) and Discoglossus pictus (Type III). We analyzed the morphology, arrangement, and innervation of neuromasts related to the anterodorsal and anteroventral lateral line nerves in 10 anuran species representing Types I, II, and IV with the aim of interpreting the existing variation and discussing the evolution of the lateral line in anuran larvae. We found: (1) the presence of two orbital and three mandibular neuromast lines in all anuran larvae studied, (2) the ventral arrangement of mandibular neuromast lines appears to have evolved convergently in Larval Types I and II, and the lateroventral arrangement of mandibular lines of neuromasts appears to have evolved in Larval Types III and IV; (3) interspecific variation in the organization, size, and number of sensory cells per neuromast within the lines; and (4) the supralabial extension of the Angular line in Lepidobatrachus spp. and the tentacular location of the Oral neuromasts in X. laevis are concomitant with their particular morphologies. Based on the variation described we find that the lateral line system in anuran larvae seems to have been maintained without significant changes, with the exception of Lepidobatrachus spp. and Xenopus. These unique features added to other of Lepidobatrachus tadpoles are sufficient to propose a new Larval Type (V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Quinzio
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias (IBIGEO), Centro Científico Tecnológico-CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Salta, Mendoza 2, 4400, Salta, República Argentina
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Extreme tadpoles II: the highly derived larval anatomy of Occidozyga baluensis (Boulenger, 1896), an obligate carnivorous tadpole. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-014-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Evans SE, Groenke JR, Jones MEH, Turner AH, Krause DW. New material of Beelzebufo, a hyperossified frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the late cretaceous of Madagascar. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87236. [PMID: 24489877 PMCID: PMC3905036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extant anuran fauna of Madagascar is exceptionally rich and almost completely endemic. In recent years, many new species have been described and understanding of the history and relationships of this fauna has been greatly advanced by molecular studies, but very little is known of the fossil history of frogs on the island. Beelzebufo ampinga, the first named pre-Holocene frog from Madagascar, was described in 2008 on the basis of numerous disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation of Madagascar. These specimens documented the presence of a hyperossified taxon that differed strikingly from extant Malagasy frogs in its large size and heavy coarse cranial exostosis. Here we describe and analyse new, articulated, and more complete material of the skull, vertebral column, and hind limb, as well as additional isolated elements discovered since 2008. μCT scans allow a detailed understanding of both internal and external morphology and permit a more accurate reconstruction. The new material shows Beelzebufo to have been even more bizarre than originally interpreted, with large posterolateral skull flanges and sculptured vertebral spine tables. The apparent absence of a tympanic membrane, the strong cranial exostosis, and vertebral morphology suggest it may have burrowed during seasonally arid conditions, which have been interpreted for the Maevarano Formation from independent sedimentological and taphonomic evidence. New phylogenetic analyses, incorporating both morphological and molecular data, continue to place Beelzebufo with hyloid rather than ranoid frogs. Within Hyloidea, Beelzebufo still groups with the South American Ceratophryidae thus continuing to pose difficulties with both biogeographic interpretations and prior molecular divergence dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Evans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph R. Groenke
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Marc E. H. Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alan H. Turner
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - David W. Krause
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Bloom S, Ledon-Rettig C, Infante C, Everly A, Hanken J, Nascone-Yoder N. Developmental origins of a novel gut morphology in frogs. Evol Dev 2013; 15:213-23. [PMID: 23607305 PMCID: PMC3870478 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic variation is a prerequisite for evolution by natural selection, yet the processes that give rise to the novel morphologies upon which selection acts are poorly understood. We employed a chemical genetic screen to identify developmental changes capable of generating ecologically relevant morphological variation as observed among extant species. Specifically, we assayed for exogenously applied small molecules capable of transforming the ancestral larval foregut of the herbivorous Xenopus laevis to resemble the derived larval foregut of the carnivorous Lepidobatrachus laevis. Appropriately, the small molecules that demonstrate this capacity modulate conserved morphogenetic pathways involved in gut development, including downregulation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Identical manipulation of RA signaling in a species that is more closely related to Lepidobatrachus, Ceratophrys cranwelli, yielded even more similar transformations, corroborating the relevance of RA signaling variation in interspecific morphological change. Finally, we were able to recover the ancestral gut phenotype in Lepidobatrachus by performing a reverse chemical manipulation to upregulate RA signaling, providing strong evidence that modifications to this specific pathway promoted the emergence of a lineage-specific phenotypic novelty. Interestingly, our screen also revealed pathways that have not yet been implicated in early gut morphogenesis, such as thyroid hormone signaling. In general, the chemical genetic screen may be a valuable tool for identifying developmental mechanisms that underlie ecologically and evolutionarily relevant phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bloom
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA
| | - Cris Ledon-Rettig
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA
| | - Carlos Infante
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Anne Everly
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - James Hanken
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Nanette Nascone-Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA
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Ortiz DA, Almeida-Reinoso D, Coloma LA. Notes on husbandry, reproduction and development in the Pacific horned frogCeratophrys stolzmanni(Anura: Ceratophryidae), with comments on its amplexus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.2012.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Ortiz
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; Quito; Ecuador
| | - D. Almeida-Reinoso
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios; Fundación Otonga; San Rafael, Quito; Ecuador
| | - L. A. Coloma
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios; Fundación Otonga; San Rafael, Quito; Ecuador
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Quinzio S, Fabrezi M. Ontogenetic and Structural Variation of Mineralizations and Ossifications in the Integument within Ceratophryid Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:2089-103. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lescano JN. Description of the advertisement and distress call ofChacophrys pierottiiand comments on the advertisement call ofLepidobatrachus llanensis(Anura: Ceratophryidae). J NAT HIST 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.622056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ziermann JM, Infante C, Hanken J, Olsson L. Morphology of the cranial skeleton and musculature in the obligate carnivorous tadpole ofLepidobatrachus laevis(Anura: Ceratophryidae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vera Candioti MF, Nuñez JJ, Úbeda C. Development of the nidicolous tadpoles of Eupsophus emiliopugini (Anura: Cycloramphidae) until metamorphosis, with comments on systematic relationships of the species and its endotrophic developmental mode. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kerney R, Wassersug R, Hall BK. Skeletal advance and arrest in giant non-metamorphosing African clawed frog tadpoles (Xenopus laevis: Daudin). J Anat 2010; 216:132-43. [PMID: 20402828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the skeletons of giant non-metamorphosing (GNM) Xenopus laevis tadpoles, which arrest their development indefinitely before metamorphosis, and grow to excessively large sizes in the absence of detectable thyroid glands. Cartilage growth is isometric; however, chondrocyte size is smaller in GNM tadpoles than in controls. Most cartilages stain weakly with alcian blue, and several cartilages are calcified (unlike controls). However, cartilages subjacent to periosteum-derived bone retain strong affinities for alcian blue, indicating a role for periosteum-derived bone in the retention of glycosaminoglycans during protracted larval growth. Bone formation in the head, limb, and axial skeletons is advanced in comparison with stage-matched controls, but arrests at various mid-metamorphic states. Both dermal and periosteum-derived bones grow to disproportionately large sizes in comparison to controls. Additionally, mature monocuspid teeth form in several GNM tadpoles. Advances in skeletal development are attributable to the old ages and large sizes of these tadpoles, and reveal unexpected developmental potentials of the pre-metamorphic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kerney
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Fabrezi M, Lobo F. Hyoid skeleton, its related muscles, and morphological novelties in the frog Lepidobatrachus (anura, ceratophryidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 292:1700-12. [PMID: 19876955 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many traits of the skull of ceratophryines are related to the capture of large prey independently of aquatic or terrestrial feeding. Herein, detailed descriptions of the development of hyoid skeleton and the anatomy of muscles responsible for hyoid and tongue movements in Lepidobatrachus laevis and L. llanensis are provided and compared with those of other neobatrachians. The aquatic Lepidobatrachus has special features in its hyoid skeleton that integrates a set of derived features convergent with the conditions observed in non-neobatrachian anurans and morphological novelties (e.g., dorsal dermal hyoid ossification) that deviate from the generalized pattern found in most frogs. Further, reduction of fibers of muscles of buccal floor, reduction or loss of hyoid muscles (m. geniohyoideus rama lateralis, anterior pair of m. petrohyoideus posteriores), small tongue, and simplified tongue muscles are also morphological deviations from the pattern of terrestrial ceratophryines, and other aquatic ceratophryids (e.g., Telmatobius) that seem to be related to feeding underwater. The historical derived features shared with Chacophrys and Ceratophrys involved in megalophagy are conserved in Lepidobatrachus and morphological changes in the hyoglossal apparatus define a unique functional complex among anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Fabrezi
- Instituto de Bio y GeoCiencias-Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Mendoza, Salta, Argentina.
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Fabrezi M, Quinzio SI, Goldberg J. The ontogeny of Pseudis platensis (Anura, Hylidae): Heterochrony and the effects of larval development on postmetamorphic life. J Morphol 2009; 271:496-510. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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