Familial syringoma: Report of two cases with a published work review and the unique association with steatocystoma multiplex

Syringomatous dermatitis: a myth or an existing entity?

Syringoma is rare disease that in classical variant occurs mainly on lower eyelids. In previously published researches, there is increasing evidence that eruptive syringomas must be discussed as an inflammatory dermal reaction pattern. And there was a proposal to change a name from eruptive syringoma to reactive syringomatous proliferation in appropriate cases. We conduct retrospective study on histopathological archived material to study the histopathological findings in cases of eruptive syringomas and correlate it with hypothesis that eruptive syringomas is not true adnexal neoplasms "de novo" but a hyperplastic response of the acrosyringium to an inflammatory process.According to obtained data and literature correlation, we can conclude that there is apparent diversity in eruptive syringomas. Part of cases can be calculated as neoplastic lesions arising "de novo," and another part as reactive syringomatous proliferation due to preceding cutaneous inflammatory process. Thus, term "eruptive syringoma" may be changed in appropriate cases to a "reactive syringomatous proliferation."Clinical variants of eruptive syringoma with evidence of underlying inflammatory process may be more responsive on types of treatments used for inflammatory disorders. Thus, more global clinicopathological correlative researches should be conducted and classification with terminology should be appropriately changed.

Evaluation and management of the patient with multiple syringomas: A systematic review of the literature

Syringomas are benign adnexal tumors with distinct histopathologic features, including the characteristic comma ("tadpole") shaped tail comprised of dilated, cystic eccrine ducts. Clinically, syringomas typically present in adolescent females predominantly in the periorbital region. They may present as solitary or multiple lesions, and more rare sites of involvement include the genitals, palms, scalp, and the chest. Over the past 50 years, there have been >800 reported cases of syringoma either alone or in conjunction with a systemic syndrome, most commonly Down syndrome. The primary aim of this systematic review is to discuss the clinical features and associations of syringomas with a focus on the patient with multiple syringomas. Its secondary aims are to explore pathophysiology with a focus on multiple syringomas and provide comprehensive data on both traditional and novel treatments. Importantly, multiple syringomas present across a broad clinical spectrum. Though noted in many textbooks to be related to tumor syndromes, the association of syringomas with inherited tumor syndromes is only rarely reported in the literature. Despite multiple reported cases of syringoma, the pathophysiology remains poorly understood and treatment continues to pose a significant challenge.

Familial eruptive syringoma in a Nigerian girl

Familial eruptive syringoma (FES) is an uncommon clinical presentation of syringoma, a benign tumour of the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat ducts. It is characterized by firm, smooth, skin-coloured to pigmented, discrete papules that appear as successive crops on the anterior body surface of individuals who also have one or more family member(s) with similar eruptive or localized lesions. The inheritance is autosomal dominant. Eight types of familial syringomas have been proposed, although the number of reported cases is quite few. We present a case of familial eruptive syringoma that could be classified as type 4 familial syringoma.

Acral subcutaneous steatocystoma multiplex: a distinct subtype of the disease?

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous duct consisting of dermal cysts filled with a sebum-like material. SM lesions are typically located in areas with sebaceous follicles, although atypical presentations involving sites lacking sebaceous follicles have exceptionally been described. We reviewed retrospectively a series of 32 histologically diagnosed SM observed in our department in the period 2006-2010, evaluating the kinds of lesions and their locations, and family history of SM and associated disorders, to focus on the clinical features of the acral subcutaneous variety of SM and to estimate its prevalence. We found five patients (four women and one man) with asymptomatic deep, skin-colored nodules on the flexor surfaces of distal upper extremities with a mean age at diagnosis and at disease onset of 32.5 and 26 years, respectively. The prevalence was 15%. All five cases were sporadic. The male patient had eruptive syringomas as an associated condition, together with a family history of this tumour. Acral subcutaneous SM may represent a distinct disease variety by virtue of its distinctive clinical features. Dermatologists should be aware of this form, which has to be included in the wide panel of diseases involving subcutaneous tissue.