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Chen B, Guo L, Wang L, Wu P, Zheng X, Tan C, Xie N, Sun X, Zhou M, Huang H, Hao N, Lei Y, Yan K, Wu D, Du Y. Leveraging cell death patterns to predict metastasis in prostate adenocarcinoma and targeting PTGDS for tumor suppression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21680. [PMID: 39289451 PMCID: PMC11408614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Diverse programmed cell death (PCD) patterns play an important role in tumor metastasis and hold promise as predictive indicators for PRAD metastasis. Using the LASSO Cox regression method, we developed PCD score (PCDS) based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PCD. Clinical correlation, external validation, functional enrichment analysis, mutation landscape analysis, tumor immune environment analysis, and immunotherapy analysis were conducted. The role of Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (PTGDS) in PRAD was examined through in vitro experiments, single-cell, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. PCDS is elevated in patients with higher Gleason scores, higher T stage, biochemical recurrence (BCR), and higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Individuals with higher PCDS are prone to metastasis, metastasis after BCR, BCR, and castration resistance. Moreover, PRAD patients with low PCDS responded positively to immunotherapy. Random forest analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis identified PTGDS as the top gene associated with PRAD metastasis and in vitro experiments revealed that PTGDS was considerably downregulated in PRAD cells against normal prostate cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of PTGDS was found to suppress the migration, invasion, proliferationof DU145 and LNCaP cells. To sum up, PCDS may be a useful biomarker for forecasting the possibility of metastasis, recurrence, castration resistance, and the efficacy of immunotherapy in PRAD patients. Additionally, PTGDS was identified as a viable therapeutic target for the management of PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peiqiang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congzhu Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoxiang Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Hao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yangyang Lei
- Yan'an University, Yan'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yuefeng Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Zhu Y, Xiao H, Yu T, Cai D, Zhou Q, Zhou G, Wang L. An immune risk score predicts survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Res 2023; 125:107008. [PMID: 36630885 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Providing accurate prognostic models is necessary for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but there are still many uncertainties. So far, none of the models include immune cells. Therefore, an immune risk score was constructed to predict the survival of patients. METHODS CIBERSORTx was chosen to estimate the proportion of 22 human immune cell subsets from public datasets and generate an immune risk score to predict patients' survival in a training cohort using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. RESULTS The prognostic model had high predictive ability in the training and validation cohorts. Subjects in the training cohort with high scores had a worse prognosis compared with subjects with low scores. The same result was also found in the three validation cohorts. Multivariable analysis suggested that the immune risk score was an independent prognostic factor. The merged score, including the immune risk score and the international prognostic index (IPI) risk category, had better predictive accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our immune risk score promises to be a complement to current prognostic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Cai
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China..
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3
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Mei K, Chen Z, Wang Q, Luo Y, Huang Y, Wang B, Gu R. The role of intestinal immune cells and matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067950. [PMID: 36733384 PMCID: PMC9888429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become globally intractable. MMPs play a key role in many inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the role of MMPs in IBD. In this study, IBD expression profiles were screened from public Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that IBD-related specific functions were associated with immune pathways. Five MMPS-related disease markers, namely MMP-9, CD160, PTGDS, SLC26A8, and TLR5, were selected by machine learning and the correlation between each marker and immune cells was evaluated. We then induced colitis in C57 mice using sodium dextran sulfate and validated model construction through HE staining of the mouse colon. WB and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that the expression levels of MMP-9, PTGDS, SLC26A8, and CD160 in colitis were significantly increased, whereas that of TLR5 were decreased. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that MMPs regulate intestinal inflammation and immunity mainly through CD8 in colitis. Our findings reveal that MMPs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IBD and are related to the infiltration of immune cells, suggesting that MMPs may promote the development of IBD by activating immune infiltration and the immune response. This study provides insights for further studies on the occurrence and development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Mei
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zilu Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Bin Wang, ; Yan Huang,
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China,*Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Bin Wang, ; Yan Huang,
| | - Renjun Gu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Bin Wang, ; Yan Huang,
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4
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Hu S, Ren S, Cai Y, Liu J, Han Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Zhou X, Wang X. Glycoprotein PTGDS promotes tumorigenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by MYH9-mediated regulation of Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:642-656. [PMID: 34743203 PMCID: PMC8901925 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and plays dual roles in prostaglandins metabolism and lipid transport. PTGDS has been involved in various cellular processes including the tumorigenesis of solid tumors, yet its role in carcinogenesis is contradictory and the significance of PTGDS in hematological malignancies is ill-defined. Here, we aimed to explore the expression and function of PTGDS in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), especially the potential role of PTGDS inhibitor, AT56, in lymphoma therapy. Remarkable high expression of PTGDS was found in DLBCL, which was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. PTGDS overexpression and rhPTGDS were found to promote cell proliferation. Besides, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that PTGDS knockdown and AT56 treatment exerted an anti-tumor effect by regulating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasion, and enhanced the drug sensitivity to adriamycin and bendamustine through promoting DNA damage. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitation-based mass spectrum identified the interaction between PTGDS and MYH9, which was found to promote DLBCL progression. PTGDS inhibition led to reduced expression of MYH9, and then declined activation of the Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 pathway through influencing the ubiquitination and degradation of GSK3-β in DLBCL. The rescue experiment demonstrated that PTGDS exerted an oncogenic role through regulating MYH9 and then the Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 pathway. Based on point mutation of glycosylation sites, we confirmed the N-glycosylation of PTGDS in Asn51 and Asn78 and found that abnormal glycosylation of PTGDS resulted in its nuclear translocation, prolonged half-life, and enhanced cell proliferation. Collectively, our findings identified for the first time that glycoprotein PTGDS promoted tumorigenesis of DLBCL through MYH9-mediated regulation of Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 signaling, and highlighted the potential role of AT56 as a novel therapeutic strategy for DLBCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Hu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shuai Ren
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yiqing Cai
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yang Han
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yi Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Juan Yang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 251006, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 251006, Suzhou, China.
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5
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Urade Y. Biochemical and Structural Characteristics, Gene Regulation, Physiological, Pathological and Clinical Features of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase as a Multifunctional Lipocalin. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718002. [PMID: 34744762 PMCID: PMC8569824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2, a common precursor of the two series of PGs, to produce PGD2. PGD2 stimulates three distinct types of G protein-coupled receptors: (1) D type of prostanoid (DP) receptors involved in the regulation of sleep, pain, food intake, and others; (2) chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) receptors, in myelination of peripheral nervous system, adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of hair follicle neogenesis, and others; and (3) F type of prostanoid (FP) receptors, in dexamethasone-induced cardioprotection. L-PGDS is the same protein as β-trace, a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). L-PGDS exists in the central nervous system and male genital organs of various mammals, and human heart; and is secreted into the CSF, seminal plasma, and plasma, respectively. L-PGDS binds retinoic acids and retinal with high affinities (Kd < 100 nM) and diverse small lipophilic substances, such as thyroids, gangliosides, bilirubin and biliverdin, heme, NAD(P)H, and PGD2, acting as an extracellular carrier of these substances. L-PGDS also binds amyloid β peptides, prevents their fibril formation, and disaggregates amyloid β fibrils, acting as a major amyloid β chaperone in human CSF. Here, I summarize the recent progress of the research on PGD2 and L-PGDS, in terms of its “molecular properties,” “cell culture studies,” “animal experiments,” and “clinical studies,” all of which should help to understand the pathophysiological role of L-PGDS and inspire the future research of this multifunctional lipocalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Urade
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Wu S, Huang D, Su X, Yan H, Ma A, Li L, Wu J, Sun Z. The prostaglandin synthases, COX-2 and L-PGDS, mediate prostate hyperplasia induced by low-dose bisphenol A. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13108. [PMID: 32753632 PMCID: PMC7403327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify prostaglandin synthases (PGS) that mediate bisphenol A (BPA)-induced prostatic hyperplasia and explore their underlying mechanisms. In an in vivo study, male adult Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with different concentrations of BPA (10, 30, 90, or 270 μg/kg, i.g., daily), or with vehicle for 4 weeks. Results revealed that low-dose BPA induced prostatic hyperplasia with increased PCNA/TUNEL ratio. It significantly upregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and NF-κB in the dorsolateral prostate (P < 0.05) and the expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) in ventral prostate (P < 0.05). The level of estradiol (E2)/testosterone (T) and expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) were also altered. In vitro studies showed that low-dose BPA (0.1–10 nM) promoted the proliferation of human prostate fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and significantly upregulated the expression of COX-2 and L-PGDS in the cells. The two types of cell proliferation induced by BPA were inhibited by COX-2 inhibitor (NS398) and L-PGDS inhibitor (AT56), with increased apoptosis level. These findings suggested that COX-2 and L-PGDS could mediate low-dose BPA-induced prostatic hyperplasia through pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, which might be related to the functions of ERα and AR. The role of COX-2/NF-κB pathway in dorsolateral prostate requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Su
- National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Han Yan
- National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aicui Ma
- National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Li
- National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zuyue Sun
- National Evaluation Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Wu CC, Klaesson A, Buskas J, Ranefall P, Mirzazadeh R, Söderberg O, Wolf JBW. In situ quantification of individual mRNA transcripts in melanocytes discloses gene regulation of relevance to speciation. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb194431. [PMID: 30718374 PMCID: PMC6650291 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.194431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional validation of candidate genes involved in adaptation and speciation remains challenging. Here, we exemplify the utility of a method quantifying individual mRNA transcripts in revealing the molecular basis of divergence in feather pigment synthesis during early-stage speciation in crows. Using a padlock probe assay combined with rolling circle amplification, we quantified cell-type-specific gene expression in the histological context of growing feather follicles. Expression of Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1), Solute Carrier Family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2) and Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase (HPGDS) was melanocyte-limited and significantly reduced in follicles from hooded crow, explaining the substantially lower eumelanin content in grey versus black feathers. The central upstream Melanocyte Inducing Transcription Factor (MITF) only showed differential expression specific to melanocytes - a feature not captured by bulk RNA-seq. Overall, this study provides insight into the molecular basis of an evolutionary young transition in pigment synthesis, and demonstrates the power of histologically explicit, statistically substantiated single-cell gene expression quantification for functional genetic inference in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Wu
- Science of Life Laboratories and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Klaesson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Buskas
- Science of Life Laboratories and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petter Ranefall
- Science of Life Laboratories and Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Mirzazadeh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17165, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jochen B W Wolf
- Science of Life Laboratories and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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White CA, Ghazan-Shahi S, Adams MA. β-Trace protein: a marker of GFR and other biological pathways. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 65:131-46. [PMID: 25446025 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Trace protein (BTP), also known as lipocalin prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS; encoded by the PTGDS gene), is a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein and an emerging novel marker of glomerular filtration rate. BTP is an important constituent of cerebral spinal fluid and is found in much lower concentrations in blood. Its serum origin and renal handling remain poorly understood. Unlike serum creatinine, BTP is not physiologically inert. It possesses both ligand-binding and enzymatic properties. BTP catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGD2. PGD2 is an eicosanoid involved in a variety of important physiologic processes, including platelet aggregation, vasodilation, inflammation, adipogenesis, and bone remodeling. Several studies now have documented BTP's strong association with glomerular filtration rate, end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and death in a variety of different patient populations. This review provides an overview of the biochemistry, physiology and metabolism, biological functions, and measurement of BTP; summarizes the evidence for BTP as a marker of both kidney function and cardiovascular disease; and then considers the interplay between its biological properties, serum concentration, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A White
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Sassan Ghazan-Shahi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Michael A Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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