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Luo X, Kong Q, Wang Y, Duan X, Wang P, Li C, Huan Y. Colonization of Clostridium butyricum in Rats and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbial Composition. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1573. [PMID: 34442652 PMCID: PMC8401576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microorganisms participate in many physiological processes. In particular, Clostridium butyricum can modulate gut microorganisms and treat diseases. The colonization and persistence of strains in the gut contribute to beneficial effects, and the colonization by C. butyricum in the gut is currently unknown. We investigated the total intestinal contents of C. butyricum at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and four and six days using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, after oral administration of C. butyricum to rats for seven consecutive days. We assessed the bacterial community structure using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that C. butyricum was mainly colonized in the colon. The total content of C. butyricum in the gut increased significantly at 12 h after administration. Exogenous C. butyricum could still be detected in the gut six days after administration. Administration of C. butyricum significantly enhanced gut microbial diversity. The relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial genera was shown to be higher than that of the control group, and treatment with C. butyricum elevated Firmicutes and diminished Bacteroidetes phyla compared with to the control group. These findings laid the foundation for the study of probiotic colonization capacity and the improvement of microflora for the prevention of gut diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Kong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (X.D.); (P.W.); (C.L.); (Y.H.)
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Guo P, Zhang K, Ma X, He P. Clostridium species as probiotics: potentials and challenges. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 32099648 PMCID: PMC7031906 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium species, as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut, exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis. Up to now, Clostridium species have been reported to attenuate inflammation and allergic diseases effectively owing to their distinctive biological activities. Their cellular components and metabolites, like butyrate, secondary bile acids and indolepropionic acid, play a probiotic role primarily through energizing intestinal epithelial cells, strengthening intestinal barrier and interacting with immune system. In turn, our diets and physical state of body can shape unique pattern of Clostridium species in gut. In view of their salutary performances, Clostridium species have a huge potential as probiotics. However, there are still some nonnegligible risks and challenges in approaching application of them. Given this, this review summarized the researches involved in benefits and potential risks of Clostridium species to our health, in order to develop Clostridium species as novel probiotics for human health and animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193 China
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Cassir N, Benamar S, Khalil JB, Croce O, Saint-Faust M, Jacquot A, Million M, Azza S, Armstrong N, Henry M, Jardot P, Robert C, Gire C, Lagier JC, Chabrière E, Ghigo E, Marchandin H, Sartor C, Boutte P, Cambonie G, Simeoni U, Raoult D, La Scola B. Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:1107-15. [PMID: 26084844 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and serious gastrointestinal disorder among preterm neonates. We aimed to assess a specific gut microbiota profile associated with NEC. METHODS Stool samples and clinical data were collected from 4 geographically independent neonatal intensive care units, over a 48-month period. Thirty stool samples from preterm neonates with NEC (n = 15) and controls (n = 15) were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing and culture-based methods. The results led us to develop a specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for Clostridium butyricum, and we tested stool samples from preterm neonates with NEC (n = 93) and controls (n = 270). We sequenced the whole genome of 16 C. butyricum strains, analyzed their phylogenetic relatedness, tested their culture supernatants for cytotoxic activity, and searched for secreted toxins. RESULTS Clostridium butyricum was specifically associated with NEC using molecular and culture-based methods (15/15 vs 2/15; P < .0001) or qPCR (odds ratio, 45.4 [95% confidence interval, 26.2-78.6]; P < .0001). Culture supernatants of C. butyricum strains from preterm neonates with NEC (n = 14) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity (P = .008), and we identified in all a homologue of the β-hemolysin toxin gene shared by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery. The corresponding protein was secreted by a NEC-associated C. butyricum strain. CONCLUSIONS NEC was associated with C. butyricum strains and dysbiosis with an oxidized, acid, and poorly diversified gut microbiota. Our findings highlight the plausible toxigenic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Cassir
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Samia Benamar
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Jacques Bou Khalil
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Olivier Croce
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Marie Saint-Faust
- Service de néonatalogie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice GCS-CHU Lenval
| | - Aurélien Jacquot
- Service de néonatalogie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve
| | - Matthieu Million
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Said Azza
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Nicholas Armstrong
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Mireille Henry
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Priscilla Jardot
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Catherine Robert
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Catherine Gire
- Service de néonatalogie, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Eric Chabrière
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve
| | - Catherine Sartor
- Equipe opérationnelle d'hygiène hospitalière, Hôpital la Conception
| | - Patrick Boutte
- Service de néonatalogie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice GCS-CHU Lenval
| | - Gilles Cambonie
- Service de néonatalogie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve
| | - Umberto Simeoni
- Service de néonatalogie, Hôpital la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université
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Sato R, Tanaka M. Intestinal distribution and intraluminal localization of orally administered Clostridium butyricum in rats. Microbiol Immunol 1997; 41:665-71. [PMID: 9343816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum has been used as a probiotic in animals and humans for years, however, its fate in the intestine has not been clarified yet. We investigated the intestinal fate of C. butyricum using a selective medium and a monoclonal antibody after orally administering C. butyricum spores to rats. The number of C. butyricum, both viable and dead cells, in the intestinal contents were counted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at various times after a single oral administration. The total viable number of C. butyricum was counted using a selective medium, and viable resting spores were selectively detected by treating the samples with ethanol. To investigate the intraluminal localization of the C. butyricum cells, frozen intestinal tracts were imprinted onto slides and stained with immunogold-silver. Total viable spores exceeded the number of viable resting spores by more than 10-fold from the proximal to middle of the small intestine 30 min after administration. Vegetative cells of C. butyricum were first detected in the distal small intestine after 2 hr, and vegetative growth was observed from the cecum to the colon 5 hr after administration. Dead vegetative cells were detected 9 hr after administration, and C. butyricum cells were not detected in the intestine after 3 days. The C. butyricum cells in the intestinal imprints were stained specifically by immunogold-silver staining, and proliferative cells were observed in the cecum after 3 hr. These results suggest that the administered C. butyricum germinated in the upper small intestine, grew mainly from the distal small intestine to the colon and were excreted from the rat intestine within 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sato
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Nagano, Japan
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