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Gu Y, Wang Z, Xia X, Zhao G. Nocardia farcinica brain abscess with torque teno virus co-infection: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28632. [PMID: 38590894 PMCID: PMC11000006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Brain abscesses caused by Nocardia are rare and difficult to diagnose. Nocardia farcinica is among the most common species; however, the conventional diagnosis of N. farcinica infection consists of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood culture and Gram staining. These procedures prolong the time to diagnosis and initiating treatment. Case presentation A 69-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presented with headaches and dizziness persisting for 2 weeks, which was initially diagnosed as a brain abscess. Due to the unusual presentation and rapid progression of symptoms, she underwent surgical resection of the brain abscess. No pathogens were detected in blood or CSF cultures. However, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified N. farcinica and Torque teno virus in pus extracted from the abscesses. The patient received appropriate antibiotic therapy and recovered fully without any residual neurological deficits. Conclusion mNGS useful for prompt diagnosis and selection of antibiotic therapy for brain abscesses caused by Nocardia. Surgical intervention is necessary in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zide Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yagi R, Ooi Y, Nonoguchi N, Wanibuchi M. Brain abscess caused by Nocardia thailandica infection in systemic lupus erythematosus patient with steroid therapy. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:126. [PMID: 35509587 PMCID: PMC9062894 DOI: 10.25259/sni_78_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Nocardia is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus belonging to actinomycetes and has been reported to be an infectious disease in healthy individuals. However, more than 60% have some underlying illnesses and are said to be opportunistic infections.
Case Description:
The case was a 69-year-old man who had been on long-term steroids for systemic lupus erythematosus. He developed with nausea and gait disturbance and was suspected of having a brain abscess by imaging. Abscess drainage detects actinomycetes that appear to belong to the genus Nocardia and brain abscess by Nocardia thailandica using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass analysis (MALDITOFMS) I was diagnosed. He died during the course of the treatment, and his organs did not detect his N. thailandica at necropsy, so he concluded that bacterial death from long-term administration of antibiotics was the cause of death.
Conclusion:
N. thailandica is a very rare bacterium belonging to Nocardia asteroides and is said to easily form brain lesions. In immunocompromised patients, prophylaxis with antibiotics and detailed examination of lung lesions for surveillance were considered necessary. This paper is the first report of a brain abscess caused by N. thailandica, including a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryokichi Yagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Yukimasa Ooi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naosuke Nonoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Masahiko Wanibuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan,
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Mosenia A, Nguyen AH, Mandel MR, Seitzman GD. Nocardia sienata: a new causative species of infectious keratitis. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e247850. [PMID: 35338040 PMCID: PMC8961103 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of progressively worsening left eye pain and an atypical corneal ring infiltrate. His condition deteriorated despite topical antibiotic therapy. Cultures for bacteria, fungus and acanthamoeba, repeated twice, all demonstrated no growth. On third corneal scraping, culture on Middlebrook agar grew colonies after 3 weeks of incubation. Sixteen-second deep sequencing identified Nocardia sienata as the pathogen. This species of Nocardia has not previously been described as a causative pathogen for infectious keratitis. Sloughing and loose epithelium with recurrent filament formation are unusual in infectious keratitis and could be associated with this species. In culture-negative cases, clinicians should consider Nocardia as a cause of keratitis despite its rarity outside of south Asia and use steroids cautiously. Next generation sequencing technology may facilitate identification of the causate of keratitis and can be especially useful in culture-negative cases and with unexpected pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Mosenia
- School of Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark R Mandel
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gerami D Seitzman
- Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Fatahi-Bafghi M. Nocardiosis from 1888 to 2017. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:369-384. [PMID: 29146497 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The genus Nocardia is an aerobic bacterium, Gram-positive and catalase positive that is in Nocardiaceae family. This bacterium first described by Edmond Nocard in 1888 and is not in human commensal bacteria. To date, nocardiosis incidence is increasing due to increase population growth rate, increase in patients with immune disorder diseases and immunocompromised patients. We surveyed taxonomic position, isolation methods, phenotypic and molecular identification at the genus and species levels, antibiogram, treatment and epidemiology in the world from 1888 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Woo PCY, Teng JLL, Leung KW, Lau SKP, Woo GKS, Wong ACY, Wong MKM, Yuen KY. Anaerospora hongkongensisGen. Nov. Sp. Nov., a Novel Genus and Species with Ribosomal DNA Operon Heterogeneity Isolated from an Intravenous Drug Abuser with Pseudobacteremia. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 49:31-9. [PMID: 15665451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bacterium was isolated from the blood culture of an intravenous drug abuser with pseudobacteremia. The cells were strictly anaerobic, straight or slightly curved, sporulating, Gram-negative rods. It grew on sheep blood agar as non-hemolytic, pinpoint colonies after 48 hr of incubation at 37 C in an anaerobic environment. It was motile but did not produce catalase or cytochrome oxidase. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing revealed three different copies of 16S rDNA sequences. More than 90% of the differences among them were due to differences in the lengths of the sequences. Phylogenetically, the bacterium is clustered with Dendrosporobacter, Sporomusa, and Propionispora, the other three genera of anaerobic, sporulating, Gram-negative rods. There were 8.6-11.1% differences between the 16S rDNA sequences of the bacterium and that of D. quercicolus, 4.7-15.1% differences between the 16S rDNA sequences of it and those of S. acidovorans, S. aerivorans, S. malonica, S. ovata, S. paucivorans, S. silvacetica, S. spaeroides, and S. termitida, and 7.6-13.1% differences between the 16S rDNA sequences of it and those of P. hippei and P. vibrioides. The G+C content of the bacterium (mean +/- SD) was 46.8 +/- 3.2%. For these reasons, a new genus and species, Anaerospora hongkongensis gen. nov. sp. nov., is proposed, for which HKU15T is the type strain.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anaerobiosis
- Bacteremia/complications
- Bacteremia/microbiology
- Base Composition
- Base Sequence
- Blood/microbiology
- Catalase/analysis
- China
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis
- Genes, rRNA
- Humans
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Movement
- Peptococcaceae/classification
- Peptococcaceae/cytology
- Peptococcaceae/isolation & purification
- Peptococcaceae/physiology
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications
- Veillonellaceae
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong
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Everest GJ, Cook AE, le Roes-Hill M, Meyers PR. Nocardia rhamnosiphila sp. nov., isolated from soil. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:508-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mikami Y. Recent Progress of Taxonomic Studies on Pathogenic Nocardia and Usefulness of the Bacteria for the Studies on Secondary Metabolites and Antibiotic Resistant Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:179-92. [DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.51.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Seo JP, Yun YW, Lee SD. Nocardia speluncae sp. nov., isolated from a cave. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:2932-2935. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic status of a mycolic acid-containing actinomycete, isolated from a natural cave on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, was investigated by means of a polyphasic approach. The isolate, designated strain N2-11T, produced yellow- to orange-coloured vegetative hyphae and white- to pinkish white-coloured aerial mycelia, both of which fragmented into irregular rod-shaped elements. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the family Nocardiaceae, occupying a distinct position between Nocardia harenae and a Nocardia carnea cluster. The results of chemotaxonomic analyses were consistent with the affiliation of the organism with the genus Nocardia. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the closest phylogenetic neighbours were the type strains of N. carnea (98.3 %), Nocardia flavorosea (98.0 %), Nocardia sienata (97.9 %) and Nocardia testacea (97.8 %), but the organism could be clearly distinguished from its phylogenetic relatives with reference to a broad range of physiological markers. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular genetic data presented in this study, strain N2-11T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia speluncae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N2-11T (=JBRI 2006T =KCTC 19223T =DSM 45078T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Pyo Seo
- Department of Science Education, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Won Yun
- Department of Science Education, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Dong Lee
- Department of Science Education, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Kageyama A, Mikami Y. Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Analysis of Infectious Nocardia Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 48:73-8. [PMID: 17502841 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.48.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Following recent advances in medical technology, the increased number of immunocompromised patients such as those with organ transplants has led to an increase in opportunistic infections due to Nocardia. Although nocardiosis has been considered to be rare, recent reports indicate that the incidence of the infection is increasing. The Nocardia asteroides group is the principal source of infectious species, but the definition of species in Nocardia is problematic because species identification of N. asteroides has been based on mainly morphological and biochemical properties. Additionally, it was assumed that a clinical strain with properties that did not fully coincide with existing species was N. asteroides sensu lato. This caused problems in both clinical and taxonomical fields, and reclassification of N. asteroides sensu lato was necessary. Therefore, determination of the appropriate taxonomic position of N. asteroides sensu lato that is now classified as N. asteroides sensu stricto was conducted using a molecular phylogenetic method. From 1965 to 2001, twenty-two strains of N. asteroides sensu lato were isolated from clinical samples. The phylogenetic tree using 16S rDNA sequences and detailed biochemical characters on the 22 isolates was determined. Results revealed that nine strains should be reclassified into species other than N. asteroides sensu stricto, and we proposed nine new species of the genus Nocardia. In addition, we proposed eight other new species of the genus Nocardia from other samples; hence seventeen new species were proposed in total. We also reported the first infectious cases due to Nocardia beijingensis, Nocardia transvalensis and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kageyama
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Brown-Elliott BA, Brown JM, Conville PS, Wallace RJ. Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19:259-82. [PMID: 16614249 PMCID: PMC1471991 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.19.2.259-282.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent explosion of newly described species of Nocardia results from the impact in the last decade of newer molecular technology, including PCR restriction enzyme analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. These molecular techniques have revolutionized the identification of the nocardiae by providing rapid and accurate identification of recognized nocardiae and, at the same time, revealing new species and a number of yet-to-be-described species. There are currently more than 30 species of nocardiae of human clinical significance, with the majority of isolates being N. nova complex, N. abscessus, N. transvalensis complex, N. farcinica, N. asteroides type VI (N. cyriacigeorgica), and N. brasiliensis. These species cause a wide variety of diseases and have variable drug susceptibilities. Accurate identification often requires referral to a reference laboratory with molecular capabilities, as many newer species are genetically distinct from established species yet have few or no distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. Correct identification is important in deciding the clinical relevance of a species and in the clinical management and treatment of patients with nocardial disease. This review characterizes the currently known pathogenic species of Nocardia, including clinical disease, drug susceptibility, and methods of identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Brown-Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Center, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, 75708, USA
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Wauters G, Avesani V, Charlier J, Janssens M, Vaneechoutte M, Delmée M. Distribution of nocardia species in clinical samples and their routine rapid identification in the laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:2624-8. [PMID: 15956375 PMCID: PMC1151960 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.6.2624-2628.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighty-six Nocardia strains isolated from clinical samples in Belgium were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eighty-three (96%) strains belonged to only six Nocardia species: N. farcinica (38 [44%]), N. nova (19 [22%]), N. cyriacigeorgica (13 [15%]), N. brasiliensis (6 [6.9%]), N. abscessus (5 [5.8%]), and N. paucivorans (2 [2.3%]). A gallery of nine conventional and enzymatic tests was developed for the rapid identification of the most common species isolated during this survey. Pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase, alpha-mannosidase, and alpha-glucosidase were found to be highly discriminating and could be used to develop an identification scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Wauters
- Microbiology Unit, University of Louvain, UCL/5490, Av. Hippocrate 54, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Validation list no. 98. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 54:1005-1006. [PMID: 15280261 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries (i.e. documents certifying deposition and availability of type strains). It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors' names will be included in the author index of the present issue and in the volume author index. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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