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Yunus MH, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Sulaiman Y, Ahmad Raston NH, Md Noor SS. Simultaneous Amperometric Aptasensor Based on Diazonium Grafted Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Detection of CFP10 and MPT64 Biomarkers for Early Tuberculosis Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110996. [PMID: 36354505 PMCID: PMC9688523 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is highly crucial for life-saving and transmission management of tuberculosis (TB). Despite the low sensitivity and time-consuming issues, TB antigen detection still relies on conventional smear microscopy and culture techniques. To address this limitation, we report the development of the first amperometric dual aptasensor for the simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted antigens CFP10 and MPT64 for better diagnosis and control of TB. The developed sensor was based on the aptamers-antibodies sandwich assay and detected by chronoamperometry through the electrocatalytic reaction between peroxidase-conjugated antibodies, H2O2, and hydroquinone. The CFP10 and MPT64 aptamers were immobilized via carbodiimide covalent chemistry over the disposable dual screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a 4-carboxyphenyl diazonium salt. Under optimized conditions, the aptasensor achieved a detection limit of 1.68 ng mL-1 and 1.82 ng mL-1 for CFP10 and MPT64 antigens, respectively. The developed assay requires a small sample amount (5 µL) and can be easily performed within 2.5 h. Finally, the dual aptasensor was successfully applied to clinical sputum samples with the obtained diagnostic sensitivity (n = 24) and specificity (n = 13) of 100%, respectively, suggesting the readiness of the developed assay to be used for TB clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusran Sulaiman
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suraiya Md Noor
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Biophysical and immunological characterization of the ESX-4 system ESAT-6 family proteins Rv3444c and Rv3445c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 109:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lauron EJ, Yang L, Elliott JI, Gainey MD, Fremont DH, Yokoyama WM. Cross-priming induces immunodomination in the presence of viral MHC class I inhibition. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006883. [PMID: 29444189 PMCID: PMC5812664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved mechanisms of MHCI inhibition in order to evade recognition by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs), which is well-illustrated by our prior studies on cowpox virus (CPXV) that encodes potent MHCI inhibitors. Deletion of CPXV viral MHCI inhibitors markedly attenuated in vivo infection due to effects on CTL effector function, not priming. However, the CTL response to CPXV in C57BL/6 mice is dominated by a single peptide antigen presented by H-2Kb. Here we evaluated the effect of viral MHCI inhibition on immunodominant (IDE) and subdominant epitopes (SDE) as this has not been thoroughly examined. We found that cross-priming, but not cross-dressing, is the main mechanism driving IDE and SDE CTL responses following CPXV infection. Secretion of the immunodominant antigen was not required for immunodominance. Instead, immunodominance was caused by CTL interference, known as immunodomination. Both immunodomination and cross-priming of SDEs were not affected by MHCI inhibition. SDE-specific CTLs were also capable of exerting immunodomination during primary and secondary responses, which was in part dependent on antigen abundance. Furthermore, CTL responses directed solely against SDEs protected against lethal CPXV infection, but only in the absence of the CPXV MHCI inhibitors. Thus, both SDE and IDE responses can contribute to protective immunity against poxviruses, implying that these principles apply to poxvirus-based vaccines. The use of vaccinia virus (VACV) to eradicate smallpox is the arguably the most successful demonstration of vaccination. The VACV vaccine also provides cross-protection against related zoonotic orthopoxviruses, including monkey poxvirus (MXPV) and CPXV, which circulate between various animal hosts and humans. Interestingly, Edward Jenner first demonstrated the concept of vaccination against smallpox in the late 1700s using CPXV. He also made the curious observation that CPXV vaccination did not always protect against recurrent exposure to CPXV. Jenner’s observations may be explained by the ability for CPXV to evade antiviral CD8+ T cell immune responses. To evade CD8+ T cells, CPXV inhibits MHCI antigen presentation, which is required to prime CD8+ T cells. Importantly, CPXV is the only orthopoxvirus that inhibits MHCI and thus provides a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of viral MHCI inhibition on CD8+ T cell priming. Here, we examine the factors that contribute to priming of CPXV-specific CD8+ T cells and show that viral MHCI inhibition does not affect CD8+ T cell priming, but prior CPXV immunization does inhibit priming during subsequent exposure to CPXV. The effects of pre-existing poxvirus immunity are therefore important to consider if poxvirus-based vaccines against various diseases are to be widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin J. Lauron
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jabari I. Elliott
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maria D. Gainey
- Department of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abebe F, Belay M, Legesse M. IFN-γ against the 38-kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis discriminates pulmonary tuberculosis from infection and infection from exposure: evidence from a study of human population in a high endemic setting. APMIS 2017; 126:135-142. [PMID: 29235156 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) 38-kDa antigen is an immunogenic lipoprotein that induces strong T-cell responses in experimental animals. However, there is limited information on the role of this antigen in human population. In this article, we present the dynamics of pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) against the 38 kDa in cohorts of pulmonary TB (PTB) patients, household contacts (HHCs), and community controls (CCs) in a high endemic setting. Whole blood assay was used to determine the levels of cytokines in 149 patients, 149 HHCs, and 68 CCs at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. At baseline, the level of IFN-γ was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in CCs and HHCs than in untreated patients. CCs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher level of IFN-γ than HHCs. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated patients, and there was no significant change in HHCs over 12 months. At baseline, the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in patients than in HHCs and CCs. No significant change was observed between treated patients and untreated patients and HHCs over time. The study shows that IFN-γ against the 38 kDa discriminates clinical TB from infection and infection from exposure, suggesting its potential for immune protection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Abebe
- Department of Community Medicine and Global health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mulugeta Belay
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Center for Immuno-biology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mengistu Legesse
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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da Silva TP, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Schmaltz CA, Sant'Anna FM, Saad MH, Matos JAD, de Lima E Silva JCA, Rolla VC, Morgado MG. Risk factors for increased immune reconstitution in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in tuberculosis HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naïve patients. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:606. [PMID: 28874142 PMCID: PMC5585929 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known regarding the restoration of the specific immune response after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy introduction among TB-HIV patients. In this study, we examined the immune response of TB-HIV patients to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens to evaluate the response dynamics to different antigens over time. Moreover, we also evaluated the influence of two different doses of efavirenz and the factors associated with immune reconstitution. Methods This is a longitudinal study nested in a clinical trial, where cART was initiated during the baseline visit (D0), which occurred 30 ± 10 days after the introduction of anti-TB therapy. Follow-up visits were performed at 30, 60, 90 and 180 days after cART initiation. The production of IFN-γ upon in vitro stimulation with Mtb antigens purified protein derivative (PPD), ESAT-6 and 38 kDa/CFP-10 using ELISpot was examined at baseline and follow-up visits. Results Sixty-one patients, all ART-naïve, were selected and included in the immune reconstitution analysis; seven (11.5%) developed Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS). The Mtb specific immune response was higher for the PPD antigen followed by 38 kDa/CFP-10 and increased in the first 60 days after cART initiation. In multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated with increased IFN-γ production in response to PPD antigen were CD4+ T cell counts <200 cells/mm3 at baseline, age, site of tuberculosis, 800 mg efavirenz dose and follow-up CD4+ T cell counts. Moreover, the factors associated with the production of IFN-γ in response to 38 kDa/CFP-10 were detectable HIV viral load (VL) and CD4+ T cell counts at follow-up visits of ≥200 cells/mm3. Conclusions These findings highlight the differences in immune response according to the specificity of the Mtb antigen, which contributes to a better understanding of TB-HIV immunopathogenesis. IFN-γ production elicited by PPD and 38 kDa/CFP-10 antigens have a greater magnitude compared to ESAT-6 and are associated with different factors. The low response to ESAT-6, even during immune restoration, suggests that this antigen is not adequate to assess the immune response of immunosuppressed TB-HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Carolina A Schmaltz
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria - National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Marinho Sant'Anna
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria - National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Saad
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Arruda de Matos
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Health Surveillance and Immunization - National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Valeria Cavalcanti Rolla
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria - National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Araujo LS, de Bárbara Moreira da Silva Lins N, Leung JAM, Mello FCQ, Saad MHF. Close contact interferon-gamma response to the new PstS1 (285-374):CPF10: a preliminary 1-year follow-up study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:59. [PMID: 28114976 PMCID: PMC5259914 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The available diagnostic tools for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) via interferon-gamma (IFN-g) release assays (IGRA) are based on ESAT6:CFP10 stimulation. However, the mycobacterial antigen PstS1 is also highly immunogenic and some of its fragments, such as PstS1(285–374), have shown higher immunoreactivity in LTBI than in active TB. PstS1(285–374), therefore, could increase the accuracy of the existing IGRA to detect LTBI. Thus, a new chimeric protein has recently been developed (PstS1(285–374):CFP10) showing potential for LTBI screening of recent close contacts (rCt) exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the PstS1(285–374):CFP10 longitudinal IFN-g profile in comparison to ESAT6:CFP10 and full PstS1/CFP10 stimulation in a rCt cohort and correlate the responses to these in-house IGRA with any clinical changes/interventions that might occur. Methods A free-of-cost, one-year follow up was offered to 120 rCt recruited in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Whole blood short-term (WBA), long-term stimulation (LSA) assays, and the tuberculin skin test (TST) were performed during follow up. Results Among the enrolled rCt, 44.2% (53/120) returned for re-evaluation and the control group (TST negative, n = 17) showed low IFN-g reactivity to all antigen stimulations during the entire follow up, except for one participant who had shown radiological evidence of past TB/LTBI. Both incident cases were detected by IGRA-PstS1(285–374):CFP10 during LTBI and after disease progression. Moreover, subsequent to the prophylactic treatment for LTBI (tLTBI), a significant regression in the LSA response was predominantly observed through stimulation of the new chimeric protein (8/10, 80%) followed by ESAT6:CFP10 (5/10, 50%) and PstS1/CFP10 (4/10, 40%). No clinical or epidemiological characteristics were exclusively shared among IGRA convertors. Conclusion It was demonstrated that the TST negative rCt without radiological evidence of LTBI/TB did not develop an IGRA-PstS1(285–374):CFP10 response during the one-year follow up. Moreover, all incident cases were detected by our new IGRA; and a significant decrement of LSA-PstS1(285–374):CFP10 reactivity post-prophylactic tLTBI was found. To our knowledge, this is the first study to monitor changes in the immune response profile of IGRA-PstS1(285–374):CFP10 among rCt during a consecutive one-year period, thus providing additional evidence of its potential in the detection of LTBI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2360-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Silva de Araujo
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20045-360, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Aparecida Medeiros Leung
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Helio Fraga Filho Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 1st Floor, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carvalho Queiroz Mello
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Helio Fraga Filho Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 1st Floor, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Féres Saad
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20045-360, Brazil.
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Effect of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine production and mRNA expression in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus and their household contacts. Cytokine 2016; 81:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Evaluation of gamma interferon immune response elicited by the newly constructed PstS-1(285-374):CFP10 fusion protein to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:552-60. [PMID: 24521785 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00726-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The PstS1 antigen is highly immunogenic, principally when combined with CFP10 during both latent and active TB infection. In the present study, a selected pstS1 gene fragment was cloned, fused with CFP10, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The product [PstS-1(285-374):CFP10] was compared to the recombinant fused RD1 (region of deletion 1) protein (ESAT-6:CFP10) in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in 108 recent contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases, considering a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) to be the baseline. The release of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in 22-h whole-blood and 5-day lymphocyte stimulation assays primed with each antigen was determined. All contacts were clinically followed for up to 1 year, and 87% of the tuberculin skin test-positive (TST(positive)) patients accepted preventative treatment. Concerning the IFN-γ response to PstS-1(285-374):CFP10 in the 22-h and 5-day assays, a slight increase in contact-TST(positive) detection was observed (23/54 and 26/54) compared to the level seen with the RD1 protein (18/54 and 24/54) whereas in the TST(negative) group, similarly lower numbers (≤5/48) of responders were achieved for both antigens, except for RD1 in the 5-day assay (8/48). By combining the IFN-γ responders to both antigens in the 5-day assays, slightly higher increases in positivity were found in the TST(positive) (32/54) and TST(negative) (10/48) groups. Two of 12 untreated TST(positive) contacts progressed to active TB and were concordantly positive in all assays, except for one contact who lacked positivity in the RD1 5-day assay. We demonstrated for the first time that PstS-1(285-374):CFP10 slightly increased contact positivity and detection of active disease progression, suggesting its potential application as a TB infection marker.
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Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis: due to shift track. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 92:31-7. [PMID: 21930430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of novel diagnostics for tuberculosis has so far been governed by the clinical requirement of improving the detection of patients with paucibacillary forms of the disease. For this aim, serological assays have been evaluated using several antigens, but were found insufficiently sensitive, because antibody production associates with the bacterial load of the disease. Consequently, detection of antibodies against a relatively small number of selected well-defined antigens has a much higher sensitivity for sputum smear-positive pulmonary disease in adult HIV-negative patients. They are the most active in generating and spreading aerosols containing live tubercle bacilli, but their detection is often delayed, thus perpetuating the transmission of the infection and disease in the population. High volume throughput serological screening of clinical suspects with mild clinical symptoms may help to achieve diagnosis earlier, than currently used procedures. Such expanded testing could be done more efficiently in laboratories, than at 'points-of-care' and at a lower cost than other tests. The feasibility of this approach towards reducing the delayed diagnosis of the most infectious cases of pulmonary tuberculosis needs to be ascertained in prospective diagnostic trials, in populations at a high risk. Reducing the transmission of tuberculosis is of key importance for achieving its continued decline and therefore it is proposed, that the aims of serological screening should shift from clinical to public health priorities.
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Cabral VR, Souza CFD, Guimarães FLP, Saad MHF. Heterogeneity in human IFN-γ responses to clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. J Bras Pneumol 2011; 36:494-7. [PMID: 20835598 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132010000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most successful human pathogens. Highly virulent strains, which are more easily transmitted than are less virulent strains, elicit variable immune responses. We evaluated the Th1 responses (IFN-γ production) in healthy volunteers after stimulation with various strains. Our results show that the individuals with negative tuberculin skin test (TST) results were not necessarily naive to all of the strains tested, whereas individuals with positive TST results did not respond to all of the strains tested. Drug-resistant strains induced a lower mean level of IFN-γ production than did drug-sensitive strains. One possible practical application of this finding would be for the prediction of responses to treatment, in which it might be advantageous to have knowledge of the estimated IFN-γ production elicited by a specific isolated strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Ribeiro Cabral
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Van-Lume DSM, De Souza JR, Cabral MML, Rego JC, Balbino V, Saad MH, Schindler HC, Abath FGC, Montenegro SML. Immunological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Based on Recombinant Antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in Children from an Endemic Area in Northeast Brazil. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:460-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rv1985c, a promising novel antigen for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection from BCG-vaccinated controls. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:273. [PMID: 20849593 PMCID: PMC2949761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigens encoded in the region of difference (RD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis constitute a potential source of specific antigens for immunodiagnosis. In the present study, recombinant protein Rv1985c from RD2 was cloned, expressed, purified, immunologically characterized and investigated for its potentially diagnostic value for tuberculosis (TB) infection among BCG-vaccinated individuals. METHODS T-cell response to Rv1985c was evaluated by IFN-γ ELISPOT in 56 TB patients, 20 latent TB infection (LTBI) and 30 BCG-vaccinated controls in comparison with the commercial T-SPOT. TB kit. Humoral response was evaluated by ELISA in 117 TB patients, 45 LTBI and 67 BCG-vaccinated controls, including all those who had T-cell assay, in comparison with a commercial IgG kit. RESULTS Rv1985c was specifically recognized by cellular and humoral responses from both TB and LTBI groups compared with healthy controls. Rv1985c IgG-ELISA achieved 52% and 62% sensitivity respectively, which outperformed the sensitivity of PATHOZYME-MYCO kit (34%) in detecting active TB (P = 0.011), whereas IFN-γ Rv1985c-ELISPOT achieved 71% and 55% sensitivity in detecting active and LTBI, respectively. Addition of Rv1985c increased sensitivities of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and ESAT-6/CFP-10 combination in detecting TB from 82.1% to 89.2% (P = 0.125), 67.9% to 87.5% (P < 0.001) and 85.7% to 92.9% (P = 0.125), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Rv1985c is a novel antigen which can be used to immunologically diagnose TB infection along with other immunodominant antigens among BCG-vaccinated population.
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Doherty TM, Wallis RS, Zumla A. Biomarkers of disease activity, cure, and relapse in tuberculosis. Clin Chest Med 2010; 30:783-96, x. [PMID: 19925967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The changing face of tuberculosis, with epidemics fueled by HIV and urbanization in much of the world and a relative increase in the importance of latent tuberculosis as a source of cases in the more economically developed countries, has led to a demand for more robust, clinically applicable diagnostic tools. As a result, research aiming to identify biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease has flourished. This article discusses the most recent findings of that work.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mark Doherty
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 København S, Denmark.
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Immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antigen ESAT-6 among south Indians. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2010; 90:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kumar M, Sundaramurthi JC, Mehra NK, Kaur G, Raja A. Cellular immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigen culture filtrate protein-10 in south India. Med Microbiol Immunol 2009; 199:11-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-009-0129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen J, Su X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shao L, Wu J, Wang F, Zhang S, Wang J, Weng X, Wang H, Zhang W. Novel recombinant RD2- and RD11-encoded Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens are potential candidates for diagnosis of tuberculosis infections in BCG-vaccinated individuals. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:876-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Silva VMC, Sardella IG, Luiz RR, Cunha AJLA, Cavalcanti AH, Mahavir S, Barreto MM, Rodrigues RS, Carvalho TF, Saad MHF. Immunoreactivity of five antigens ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin patients attending a public health care facility in an area with high endemicity for TB. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 52:544-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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