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Mochochoko BM, Pohl CH, O’Neill HG. Candida albicans-enteric viral interactions-The prostaglandin E 2 connection and host immune responses. iScience 2022; 26:105870. [PMID: 36647379 PMCID: PMC9839968 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome comprises trillions of microorganisms residing within different mucosal cavities and across the body surface. The gut microbiota modulates host susceptibility to viral infections in several ways, and microbial interkingdom interactions increase viral infectivity within the gut. Candida albicans, a frequently encountered fungal species in the gut, produces highly structured biofilms and eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which aid in viral protection and replication. These biofilms encompass viruses and provide a shield from antiviral drugs or the immune system. PGE2 is a key modulator of active inflammation with the potential to regulate interferon signaling upon microbial invasion or viral infections. In this review, we raise the perspective of gut interkingdom interactions involving C. albicans and enteric viruses, with a special focus on biofilms, PGE2, and viral replication. Ultimately, we discuss the possible implications of C. albicans-enteric virus associations on host immune responses, particularly the interferon signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonang M. Mochochoko
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa,Corresponding author
| | - Hester G. O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa,Corresponding author
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2
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Zheng W, Xu Q, Zhang Y, E X, Gao W, Zhang M, Zhai W, Rajkumar RS, Liu Z. Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity against herpesviridae infection: a current perspective on viral infection signaling pathways. Virol J 2020; 17:192. [PMID: 33298111 PMCID: PMC7726878 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past decades, researchers have demonstrated the critical role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune system. They recognize viral components and trigger immune signal cascades to subsequently promote the activation of the immune system. Main body Herpesviridae family members trigger TLRs to elicit cytokines in the process of infection to activate antiviral innate immune responses in host cells. This review aims to clarify the role of TLRs in the innate immunity defense against herpesviridae, and systematically describes the processes of TLR actions and herpesviridae recognition as well as the signal transduction pathways involved. Conclusions Future studies of the interactions between TLRs and herpesviridae infections, especially the subsequent signaling pathways, will not only contribute to the planning of effective antiviral therapies but also provide new molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaofei E
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Mogen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Weijie Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | | | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Happel AU, Varsani A, Balle C, Passmore JA, Jaspan H. The Vaginal Virome-Balancing Female Genital Tract Bacteriome, Mucosal Immunity, and Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes? Viruses 2020; 12:E832. [PMID: 32751611 PMCID: PMC7472209 DOI: 10.3390/v12080832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides bacteria, fungi, protists and archaea, the vaginal ecosystem also contains a range of prokaryote- and eukaryote-infecting viruses, which are collectively referred to as the "virome". Despite its well-described role in the gut and other environmental niches, the vaginal virome remains understudied. With a focus on sexual and reproductive health, we summarize the currently known components of the vaginal virome, its relationship with other constituents of the vaginal microbiota and its association with adverse health outcomes. While a range of eukaryote-infecting viruses has been described to be present in the female genital tract (FGT), few prokaryote-infecting viruses have been described. Literature suggests that various vaginal viruses interact with vaginal bacterial microbiota and host immunity and that any imbalance thereof may contribute to the risk of adverse reproductive health outcomes, including infertility and adverse birth outcomes. Current limitations of vaginal virome research include experimental and analytical constraints. Considering the vaginal virome may represent the missing link in our understanding of the relationship between FGT bacteria, mucosal immunity, and adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, future studies evaluating the vaginal microbiome and its population dynamics holistically will be important for understanding the role of the vaginal virome in balancing health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Ursula Happel
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (C.B.); (J.-A.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center of Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA;
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Christina Balle
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (C.B.); (J.-A.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Jo-Ann Passmore
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (C.B.); (J.-A.P.); (H.J.)
- NRF-DST CAPRISA Centre of Excellence in HIV Prevention, 719 Umbilo Road, Congella, Durban 4013, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Heather Jaspan
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (C.B.); (J.-A.P.); (H.J.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Global Health, University of Washington, 1510 San Juan Road NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Jahanban‐Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Majidinia M, Karimian A, Yousefi B, Nabavi SM, Astani A, Berindan‐Neagoe I, Gulei D, Fallarino F, Gargaro M, Manni G, Pirro M, Xu S, Sadeghi M, Nabavi SF, Shirooie S. Toll‐like receptors as novel therapeutic targets for herpes simplex virus infection. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2048. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Jahanban‐Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research CenterUrmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Akram Astani
- Department of MicrobiologyShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Ioana Berindan‐Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE ‐Research Center for Advanced Medicine“Iuliu‐Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Research Centerfor Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine“Iuliu‐Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental PathologyThe Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE ‐Research Center for Advanced Medicine“Iuliu‐Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | | | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Perugia Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Perugia Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Perugia Italy
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY USA
| | - Mahmoud Sadeghi
- Department of Transplantation ImmunologyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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Forrester MA, Wassall HJ, Hall LS, Cao H, Wilson HM, Barker RN, Vickers MA. Similarities and differences in surface receptor expression by THP-1 monocytes and differentiated macrophages polarized using seven different conditioning regimens. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:58-76. [PMID: 30077333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key in orchestrating immune responses to micro-environmental stimuli, sensed by a complex set of surface receptors. The human cell line THP-1 has a monocytic phenotype, including the ability to differentiate into macrophages, providing a tractable, standardised surrogate for human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here we assessed the expression of 49 surface markers including Fc, complement, C-type lectin and scavenger receptors; TIMs; Siglecs; and co-stimulatory molecules by flow cytometry on both THP-1 monocytes and macrophages and following macrophage activation with seven standard conditioning/polarizing stimuli. Of the 34 surface markers detected on macrophages, 18 altered expression levels on activation. From these, expression of 9 surface markers were consistently altered by all conditioning regimens, while 9 were specific to individual polarizing stimuli. This study provides a resource for the study of macrophages and highlights that macrophage polarization states share much in common and the differences do not easily fit a simple classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Forrester
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather J Wassall
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lindsay S Hall
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Huan Cao
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Robert N Barker
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mark A Vickers
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, UK.
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Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans Initiation of HeLa 299 Cell-Associated Biofilm. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72:529-37. [PMID: 26758707 PMCID: PMC4828481 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), and type-2 (HSV-2), Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans co-habit the oral and genital mucosa, their interaction is poorly understood. We determined the effect HSV has on bacterial and/or fungal adherence, the initial step in biofilm formation. HeLa229 cells were infected with HSV-1 (KOS) gL86 or HSV-2 (KOS) 333gJ− at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 and 10. S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and/or C. albicans (yeast forms or germ tube forms) were co-incubated for 30 min (37 °C; 5 % CO2; 5:1 organism: HeLa cell ratio; n = 16) with virus-infected HeLa cells or uninfected HeLa cell controls. Post-incubation, the monolayers were washed (3x; PBS), lysed (RIPA), and the lysate plated onto Fungisel and/or mannitol salts agar for standard colony count. The level of HeLa-associated S. aureus was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) for both HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells, as compared to virus-free HeLa cell controls (38 and 59 % of control, respectively). In contrast, HSV-1 and HSV-2 significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced HeLa cell association of C. albicans yeast forms and germ tube approximately two-fold, respectively. The effect of S. aureus on germ tube and yeast form adherence to HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells was specific for the Candida phenotype tested. Our study suggests that HSV, while antagonist towards S. aureus adherence enhances Candida adherence. Furthermore, the combination of the three pathogens results in S. aureus adherence that is either unaffected, or partially restored depending on both the herpes viral species and the fungal phenotype present.
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Iannello A, Debbeche O, El Arabi R, Samarani S, Hamel D, Rozenberg F, Heveker N, Ahmad A. Herpes simplex virus type 1-induced FasL expression in human monocytic cells and its implications for cell death, viral replication, and immune evasion. Viral Immunol 2011; 24:11-26. [PMID: 21319975 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitously occurring pathogen that infects humans early in childhood. The virus persists as a latent infection in dorsal root ganglia, especially of the trigeminal nerve, and frequently becomes reactivated in humans under conditions of stress. Monocytic cells constitute an important component of the innate and adaptive immune responses. We show here for the first time that HSV-1 stimulates human FasL promoter and induces de novo expression of FasL on the surface of human monocytic cells, including monocytes and macrophages. This virus-induced FasL expression causes death of monocytic cells growing in suspension, but not in monolayers (e.g., macrophages). The addition of a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, as well as anti-FasL antibodies, reduced cell death but increased viral replication in the virus-infected cell cultures. We also show here for the first time that the virus-induced de novo expression of FasL on the cell surface acts as an immune evasion mechanism by causing the death of interacting human CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Our study provides novel insights on FasL expression and cell death in HSV-infected human monocytic cells and their impact on interacting immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iannello
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cermelli C, Orsi CF, Cuoghi A, Ardizzoni A, Tagliafico E, Neglia R, Peppoloni S, Blasi E. Gene expression profiling of monocytes displaying herpes simplex virus 1 induced dysregulation of antifungal defences. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1283-1290. [PMID: 19608693 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.011023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-infected monocytes have altered antifungal defences, in particular they show augmented phagocytosis of Candida albicans followed by a failure of the intracellular killing of the ingested fungi. On the basis of these functional data, comparative studies were carried out on the gene expression profile of cells infected with HSV-1 and/or C. albicans in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying such virus-induced dysfunction. Affymetrix GeneChip technology was used to evaluate the cell transcription pattern, focusing on genes involved in phagocytosis, fungal adhesion, antimicrobial activity and apoptosis. The results indicated there was: (a) prevalent inhibition of opsonin-mediated phagocytosis, (b) upregulation of several pathways of antibody- and complement-independent phagocytosis, (c) inhibition of macrophage activation, (d) marked dysregulation of oxidative burst, (e) induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cermelli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Francesca Orsi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuoghi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Rachele Neglia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Samuele Peppoloni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy
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