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Ben Chabchoubi I, Lam SS, Pane SE, Ksibi M, Guerriero G, Hentati O. Hazard and health risk assessment of exposure to pharmaceutical active compounds via toxicological evaluation by zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:120698. [PMID: 36435277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled or continuous release of effluents from wastewater treatment plants leads to the omnipresence of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic media. Today, this is a confirmed problem becoming a main subject of twin public and scientific concerns. However, still little information is available about the long-term impacts of these PhACs on aquatic organisms. In this review, efforts were made to reveal correlation between the occurrence in the environment, ecotoxicological and health risks of different PhACs via toxicological evaluation by zebrafish (Danio rerio). This animal model served as a bioindicator for any health impacts after the exposure to these contaminants and to better understand the responses in relation to human diseases. This review paper focused on the calculation of Risk Quotients (RQs) of 34 PhACs based on environmental and ecotoxicological data available in the literature and prediction from the ECOSAR V2.2 software. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the risk assessment of PhACs by the two different methods as mentioned above. RQs showed greater difference in potential environmental risks of the PhACs. These differences in risk values underline the importance of environmental and experimental factors in exposure conditions and the interpretation of RQ values. While the results showed high risk to Danio rerio of the majority of PhACs, risk qualification of the others varied between moderate to insignifiant. Further research is needed to assess pharmaceutical hazards when present in wastewater before discharge and monitor the effectiveness of treatment processes. The recent new advances in the morphological assessment of toxicant-exposed zebrafish larvae for the determination of test compounds effects on the developmental endpoints were also discussed. This review emphasizes the need for strict regulations on the release of PhACs into environmental media in order to minimize their toxicity to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Chabchoubi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia; Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3.5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Stacey Ellen Pane
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3.5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Olfa Hentati
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3.5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4.5, B.P 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Chen S, Kang J, Zhu H, Wang K, Han Z, Wang L, Liu J, Wu Y, He P, Tu Y, Li B. L-Theanine and Immunity: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093846. [PMID: 37175254 PMCID: PMC10179891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
L-theanine (N-ethyl-γ-glutamine) is the main amino acid in tea leaves. It not only contributes to tea flavor but also possesses several health benefits. Compared with its sedative and calming activities, the immunomodulatory effects of L-theanine have received less attention. Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that L-theanine reduces immunosuppression caused by strenuous exercise and prevents colds and influenza by improving immunity. Numerous cell and animal studies have proven that theanine plays an immunoregulatory role in inflammation, nerve damage, the intestinal tract, and tumors by regulating γδT lymphocyte function, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the secretion of cytokines and neurotransmitters. In addition, theanine can be used as an immunomodulator in animal production. This article reviews the research progress of L-theanine on immunoregulation and related mechanisms, as well as its application in poultry and animal husbandry. It is hoped that this work will be beneficial to future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanqing Zhu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaixi Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Puming He
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Preparation, characterization and evaluation of [ 125I]-pirarubicin: A new therapeutic agent for urinary bladder cancer with potential for use as theranostic agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 179:110007. [PMID: 34736111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Improving urinary bladder cancer diagnosis, follow-up, and therapy tools to overcome existing limitations and increase survival rates is a highly desirable goal. In the current investigation, pirarubicin, a new generation antineoplastic anthracycline, was labeled with [125I] via an electrophilic substitution reaction. The reaction parameters were studied to optimize the iodination process. The labeled compound showed high radiochemical yield (98.5 ± 2.1%) and consistently remained above 90% for more than 20 h at room temperature and in the presence of serum at 37 °C. The binding of [125I]-pirarubicin to its target DNA-human topoisomerase II complex was assessed in-silico. The in-vitro tracer uptake by cancer cells was high and reached saturation (88.4 ± 2.3%) after 3 h with nuclei to cells ratio of 40 ± 1.2%. The labeled compound antiproliferative effect was much stronger than the unlabelled pirarubicin, as cleared by the growth inhibition test. Radiotoxicity improved cancer cells drug cytotoxicity. The in-vivo evaluation results showed that the [125I]-pirarubicin tends to preferentially accumulate in urinary bladder cancerous tissues.
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Makimoto A, Fang J, Maeda H. Development of a Selective Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery System: Hydroxypropyl-Acrylamide Polymer-Conjugated Pirarubicin (P-THP) for Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153698. [PMID: 34359599 PMCID: PMC8345214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hydroxypropyl acrylamide polymer-conjugated pirarubicin (P-THP), an innovative polymer-conjugated anticancer agent, theoretically has highly tumor-specific distribution via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. While anthracyclines are extremely important in the treatment of most pediatric solid tumors, P-THP may serve as a less toxic and more effective substitute for conventional anthracyclines in both newly diagnosed and refractory/recurrent pediatric cancers. Abstract Most pediatric cancers are highly chemo-sensitive, and cytotoxic chemotherapy has always been the mainstay of treatment. Anthracyclines are highly effective against most types of childhood cancer, such as neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, nephroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and so forth. However, acute and chronic cardiotoxicity, one of the major disadvantages of anthracycline use, limits their utility and effectiveness. Hydroxypropyl acrylamide polymer-conjugated pirarubicin (P-THP), which targets tumor tissue highly selectively via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and secondarily releases active pirarubicin molecules quickly into the acidic environment surrounding the tumor. Although, the latter rarely occurs in the non-acidic environment surrounding normal tissue. This mechanism has the potential to minimize acute and chronic toxicities, including cardiotoxicity, as well as maximize the efficacy of chemotherapy through synergy with tumor-targeting accumulation of the active molecules and possible dose-escalation. Simply replacing doxorubicin with P-THP in a given regimen can improve outcomes in anthracycline-sensitive pediatric cancers with little risk of adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity. As cancer is a dynamic disease showing intra-tumoral heterogeneity during its course, continued parallel development of cytotoxic agents and molecular targeting agents is necessary to find potentially more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Makimoto
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-300-5111 (ext. 5177)
| | - Jun Fang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- BioDynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
- Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Structure-to-Efficacy Relationship of HPMA-Based Nanomedicines: The Tumor Spheroid Penetration Study. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121242. [PMID: 33419291 PMCID: PMC7766879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines are a novel class of therapeutics that benefit from the nano dimensions of the drug carrier. These nanosystems are highly advantageous mainly within cancer treatment due to their enhanced tumor accumulation. Monolayer tumor cells frequently used in routine preclinical assessment of nanotherapeutics do not have a spatial structural architecture that allows the investigation of the penetration of nanomedicines to predict their behavior in real tumor tissue. Therefore, tumor spheroids from colon carcinoma C26 cells and glioblastoma U87-MG cells were used as 3D in vitro models to analyze the effect of the inner structure, hydrodynamic size, dispersity, and biodegradability of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-based nanomedicines carrying anticancer drug pirarubicin (THP) on the penetration within spheroids. While almost identical penetration through spheroids of linear and star-like copolymers and also their conjugates with THP was observed, THP penetration after nanomedicines application was considerably deeper than for the free THP, thus proving the benefit of polymer carriers. The cytotoxicity of THP-polymer nanomedicines against tumor cell spheroids was almost identical as for the free THP, whereas the 2D cell cytotoxicity of these nanomedicines is usually lower. The nanomedicines thus proved the enhanced efficacy within the more realistic 3D tumor cell spheroid system.
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Samanta S. Potential Bioactive Components and Health Promotional Benefits of Tea (Camellia sinensis). J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:65-93. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1827082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Intravesical Chemotherapy after Radical Nephroureterectomy for Primary Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071059. [PMID: 31331003 PMCID: PMC6678753 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prophylactic effect of intravesical chemotherapy. Furthermore, it aimed to compare the efficacy of regimens on the prevention of bladder recurrence, after nephroureterectomy, for upper tract urothelial carcinoma by systematic review and network meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to search for studies published before 22 December 2016 using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. All studies comparing nephroureterectomy alone with prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy were included. The primary outcome was intravesical recurrence-free survival rate. In addition, we conducted indirect comparisons among regimens using network meta-analysis, as well as three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on multicenter setting, and one large retrospective study with a total of 532 patients were analyzed. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of bladder recurrence was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.38–0.76) in intravesical instillation patients. On network meta-analysis, pirarubicin was ranked the most effective regimen, while maintenance therapy of mitomycin C (MMC) with Ara-C and induction therapy of MMC were ranked as the second and third most effective regimens, respectively. Our study demonstrates that intravesical chemotherapy can prevent bladder recurrence in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma after nephroureterectomy. It also suggests that a single instillation of pirarubicin is the most efficacious intravesical regimen.
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Adhikary R, Mandal V. l -theanine: A potential multifaceted natural bioactive amide as health supplement. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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Nakamura H, Koziolová E, Chytil P, Tsukigawa K, Fang J, Haratake M, Ulbrich K, Etrych T, Maeda H. Pronounced Cellular Uptake of Pirarubicin versus That of Other Anthracyclines: Comparison of HPMA Copolymer Conjugates of Pirarubicin and Doxorubicin. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:4106-4115. [PMID: 27934482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many conjugates of water-soluble polymers with biologically active molecules were developed during the last two decades. Although, therapeutic effects of these conjugates are affected by the properties of carriers, the properties of the attached drugs appear more important than the same carrier polymer in this case. Pirarubicin (THP), a tetrahydropyranyl derivative of doxorubicin (DOX), demonstrated more rapid cellular internalization and potent cytotoxicity than DOX. Here, we conjugated the THP or DOX to N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer via a hydrazone bond. The polymeric prodrug conjugates, P-THP and P-DOX, respectively, had comparable hydrodynamic sizes and drug loading. Compared with P-DOX, P-THP showed approximately 10 times greater cellular uptake during a 240 min incubation and a cytotoxicity that was more than 10 times higher during a 72-h incubation. A marginal difference was seen in P-THP and P-DOX accumulation in the liver and kidney at 6 h after drug administration, but no significant difference occurred in the tumor drug concentration during 6-24 h after drug administration. Antitumor activity against xenograft human pancreatic tumor (SUIT2) in mice was greater for P-THP than for P-DOX. To sum up, the present study compared the biological behavior of two different drugs, each attached to an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer carrier, with regard to their uptake by tumor cells, body distribution, accumulation in tumors, cytotoxicity, and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. No differences in the tumor cell uptake of the polymer-drug conjugates, P-THP and P-DOX, were observed. In contrast, the intracellular uptake of free THP liberated from the P-THP was 25-30 times higher than that of DOX liberated from P-DOX. This finding indicates that proper selection of the carrier, and especially conjugated active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are most critical for anticancer activity of the polymer-drug conjugates. THP, in this respect, was found to be a more preferable API for polymer conjugation than DOX. Hence the treatment based on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect that targets more selectively to solid tumors can be best achieved with THP, although both polymer conjugates of DOX and THP exhibited the EPR effects and drug release profiles in acidic pH similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakamura
- Research Institute for Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Eva Koziolová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Jun Fang
- Research Institute for Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Mamoru Haratake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Research Institute for Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Theanine from tea and its semi-synthetic derivative TBrC suppress human cervical cancer growth and migration by inhibiting EGFR/Met-Akt/NF-κB signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Zhang G, Li Z, Wan X, Zhang Y, Zhu R, Liu Z, Ji D, Zhang H, Wu F, Tian H, Liu K, Wu B. Repression of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Regulating Met/EGFR/VEGFR-Akt/NF-κB Pathways with Theanine and Its Derivative, (R)-2-(6,8-Dibromo-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxamido)-5-(ethylamino)-5-oxopentanoic Ethyl Ester (DTBrC). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7002-7013. [PMID: 27569455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the potential of theanine against cancer, we have studied the anticancer activities of theanine from tea and its semisynthesized derivative, (R)-2-(6,8-dibromo-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxamido)-5-(ethylamino)-5-oxopentanoic ethyl ester (DTBrC), in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HHC). Theanine and DTBrC displayed inhibitory effects on the growth and migration of HHC cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Theanine and DTBrC significantly enhanced the repression of HHC cell growth in combination with anticancer drug pirarubicin. Theanine and DTBrC completely suppressed HGF- and EGF+HGF-induced migration with a reduction of p53 tumor suppressor level and enhanced the p53 protein expression in HHC cells. The Akt and NF-κB knockdown greatly reduced cancer cell migration with a decrease in CD44 expression. DTBrC and theanine significantly repressed the protein expressions in the Met/EGFR/VEGFR-Akt/NF-κB pathways, which might be the mechanism for their biologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shandong Yingdong Yinghao Biotechnology Inc. , No. 101 Hangtianlu, Gaoxinqu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264670, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongqin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhao Wu
- Shandong Yingdong Yinghao Biotechnology Inc. , No. 101 Hangtianlu, Gaoxinqu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264670, People's Republic of China
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Hall WC, Elder B, Walker CL, Cai SL, Peters DG, Goodman DG, Ulland BM, Borzelleca JF. Spontaneous Renal Tubular Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Lesions in Three Sprague-Dawley Rats from a 90-Day Toxicity Study. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:233-41. [PMID: 17366317 DOI: 10.1080/01926230601156252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple renal tubular cell adenomas and atypical tubular hyperplasia were diagnosed in 2 high-dose and 1 mid-dose female Sprague–Dawley (Crl:CD®(SD)IGS BR) rats from a 90-day toxicity study of an amino acid found in green tea. The tumors were bilateral multicentric adenomas accompanied by atypical foci of renal tubular hyperplasia in both kidneys of the 3 animals. Toxic tubular changes that typically accompany renal carcinogenesis were not seen in any of the other animals of the study, suggesting rather, an underlying germline mutation of a tumor suppressor gene in these three rats. The histological appearance of these tumors and short latency was reminiscent of the spontaneous lesions reported to arise in Sprague–Dawley rats in the Nihon rat model. Nihon rats develop kidney tumors as a result of a spontaneous mutation in the rat homologue of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé gene ( Bhd). Frozen samples of liver from two tumor-bearing rats were assayed for germline alterations in the Bhd gene. The entire coding region (exons 3–13) of the Bhd gene was sequenced, and a guanine (nt106G) to adenine (nt106A) polymorphism was detected resulting in a glycine to arginine (G36R) substitution in both tumor-bearing animals. In the study animals, the frequency of the A-allele (adenine) was determined to be 27% (19/70). Interestingly, rats obtained from two other sources (n = 17) only carried the nt106G-allele, consistent with the published rat sequence for this gene. Genetic fingerprinting of microsatellite loci indicated that the rats had a shared genetic background. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) of the tumor cells demonstrated a loss of heterozygosity in the Bhd gene in neoplastic cells of one of the two animals. Taken together, these data suggest that the tumors observed in these animals arose spontaneously as a result of a shared genetic susceptibility leading to the development of renal tubular neoplasms.
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Overcoming multidrug resistance in Dox-resistant neuroblastoma cell lines via treatment with HPMA copolymer conjugates containing anthracyclines and P-gp inhibitors. J Control Release 2016; 233:136-46. [PMID: 27189135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer conjugates bearing the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (Dox) or pirarubicin (THP), P-gp inhibitors derived from reversin 121 (REV) or ritonavir (RIT)), or both anticancer drug and P-gp inhibitor were designed and synthesized. All biologically active molecules were attached to the polymer carrier via pH-sensitive spacer enabling controlled release in mild acidic environment modeling endosomes and lysosomes of tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of the conjugates against three sensitive and Dox-resistant neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines, applied alone or in combination, was studied in vitro. All conjugates containing THP displayed higher cytotoxicity against all three Dox-resistant NB cell lines compared with the corresponding Dox-containing conjugates. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of conjugates containing both drug and P-gp inhibitor was up to 10 times higher than that of the conjugate containing only drug. In general, the polymer-drug conjugates showed higher cytotoxicity when conjugates containing inhibitors were added 8 or 16h prior to treatment compared with conjugates bearing both the inhibitor and the drug. The difference in cytotoxicity was more pronounced at the 16-h time point. Moreover, higher inhibitor:drug ratios resulted in higher cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of the polymer-drug used in combination with polymer P-gp inhibitor was up to 84 times higher than that of the polymer-drug alone.
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14
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Zhang G, Ye X, Ji D, Zhang H, Sun F, Shang C, Zhang Y, Wu E, Wang F, Wu F, Tian H, Liu X, Chen L, Liu K, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang W, Guan Y, Wang Q, Zhao X, Wan X. Inhibition of lung tumor growth by targeting EGFR/VEGFR-Akt/NF-κB pathways with novel theanine derivatives. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8528-43. [PMID: 25138052 PMCID: PMC4226702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecularly targeted agents, including anti-VEGF or anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody and some inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase, are effective in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to a certain extent, but the benefit for a proportion of patients is still limited. Hence, it is necessary and urgent to develop more selective and effective molecular targeted agents against lung cancer. Here, we have synthesized novel theanine derivatives, methyl coumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine (TMC), ethyl coumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine (TEC), ethyl 6-fluorocoumarin- 3-carboxylyl L-theanine (TFC), and ethyl 6-nitrocoumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine (TNC), which are fluorescent small molecules, based on their parental compound theanine and studied their anticancer activities in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models of human and mouse cancers. Our results show that the four theanine derivatives significantly inhibit the lung cancer cell migration and the growth of lung cancer and leukemia cell lines. TFC and TNC display enhanced effects with anticancer drugs cytarabine vincristine, andmethotrexate on inhibition of lung cancer cell growth and no toxicity to the normal human embryonic lung fibroblast and peripheral blood lymphocytes. TFC and TNC exhibit strong suppression of the highly metastatic Lewis lung cancer (LLC) and A549 tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice without toxicity to mice. TFC and TNC can effectively suppress the growth of lung cancer cells in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo by targeting EGFR/VEGFR-Akt/NF-κB pathways. Our study has suggested that TFC and TNC may have the therapeutic and/or adjuvant therapeutic applications in the treatment of lung cancers and other cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, P R China
| | - Xinshan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, P R China
| | - Dexin Ji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fujia Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chunqing Shang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Fengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Fei Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huihui Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yishan Wang
- The Center of Non-Traumatic Treatment and Diagnosis of Tumor, Binzhou Medical College affiliated The PLA 107 Hospital, Southern Zhichu Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hanchen Liu
- The Center of Non-Traumatic Treatment and Diagnosis of Tumor, Binzhou Medical College affiliated The PLA 107 Hospital, Southern Zhichu Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- The Center of Non-Traumatic Treatment and Diagnosis of Tumor, Binzhou Medical College affiliated The PLA 107 Hospital, Southern Zhichu Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Qing Quan Lu, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy,307 Hospital of PLA,Academy of Military Medical Science,Beijing,P. R. China
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan, Chaoyangqu, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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15
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Daruwalla J, Greish K, Malcontenti-Wilson C, Muralidharan V, Maeda H, Christophi C. Styrene maleic acid copolymer-pirarubicin induces tumor-selective oxidative stress and decreases tumor hypoxia as possible treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Surgery 2015; 158:236-47. [PMID: 25999256 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pirarubicin, a derivative of doxorubicin, induces tumor destruction via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but is associated with cardiotoxicity. As a macromolecule (conjugated to styrene-maleic acid [SMA]), SMA-pirarubicin is selective to tumors resulting in improved survival with decreased systemic toxicity. Tumor destruction is, however incomplete, and resistant cells at the periphery of the tumor contribute to recurrence. Tumor hypoxia is a major factor in tumor resistance. Understanding the effect of oxidative stress induced by SMA-pirarubicin on the tumor microenvironment may be key to overcoming resistance. This study investigated the pattern of ROS production and tumor hypoxia after treatment with SMA-pirarubicin in a murine model of colorectal liver metastases. METHODS Liver metastases were induced in male, CBA mice using a murine-derived colon cancer cell line. SMA-pirarubicin (maximum tolerated dose, 100 mg/kg) or pirarubicin, (maximum tolerated dose, 10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously 14 days after tumor induction. Systemic oxidative stress in serum, liver, and cardiac tissue was quantified using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to assess ROS production for 48 hours after treatment. Tumor hypoxia was quantified using immunohistochemistry for pimonidazole adducts. RESULTS SMA-pirarubicin (100 mg/kg) induced ROS exclusively in tumors with minimal levels in serum and cardiac tissue. ROS levels were induced in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner optimal between 4 and 24 hours after drug administration. Although tumor hypoxia was decreased overall, residual tumor cells adjacent to patent vessels were hypoxic. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the tumor microenvironment after chemotherapy. SMA-pirarubicin inhibits the growth of colorectal liver metastases by inducing ROS, which seems to be largely tumor selective. The temporal pattern of ROS production can be used to improve future dosing regimens. Furthermore, the observation that residual tumor cells are hypoxic clarifies the need for a multimodal approach with agents that can alter the hypoxic state to effect complete tumor destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurstine Daruwalla
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Oncology, Suez Canal University, Ismaïlia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Institute of Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chris Christophi
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Suppression of proliferation and migration in highly-metastatic lung cancer cells as well as tumor growth by a new synthesized compound TBrC and its molecular mechanisms of action. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:899-911. [PMID: 24132498 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop new anticancer agents has been considered as a useful and necessary strategy to suppress highly-metastatic lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In this study, we synthesized a new compound ethyl 6-bromocoumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine (TBrC) and studied the anticancer activity of TBrC and its molecular mechanisms of action. Our results show that TBrC remarkably inhibits the proliferation and migration in highly-metastatic lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest as well as regulating related protein expressions. Further study indicated that TBrC not only enhances the protein levels of Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, caspase-3 and PARP-1 but also reduces the protein expressions of Bcl-2, cyclin D1, VEGFR1 and NF-κB as well as inhibits the phosphorylation and expressions of VEGFR2 and Akt in the cancer cells. More importantly, TBrC displays strong suppression of highly-metastatic tumor growth and reduces the tumor weight by 61.6 % in tumor-bearing mice without toxicity to the mice. Our results suggest that TBrC suppresses the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells via VEGFR-Akt-NF-κB signaling pathways; TBrC may have a wide therapeutic and/or adjuvant therapeutic application in the treatment of lung cancer.
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17
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Trudel D, Labbé DP, Bairati I, Fradet V, Bazinet L, Têtu B. Green tea for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment: a systematic review of the in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 126:491-8. [PMID: 22564714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of green tea or green tea components on the prevention and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS Using Medline, EMBASE and SciVerse (last researched: July 2011), we retrieved 22 articles including 5 epidemiological studies. RESULTS In epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines, green tea and green tea components have been shown to downregulate the expression of proteins involved in inflammation, cell signalization, cell motility and angiogenesis. Green tea and green tea components would induce apoptosis and could potentiate the effects of cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent. In human observational studies, significant associations between green tea intake and both decreased ovarian cancer occurrence and better prognosis were reported. CONCLUSIONS Available literature suggests potential molecular targets for green tea in ovarian cancer treatment and also provides data supporting the clinical evaluation of the role of green tea or green tea components in ovarian cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Trudel
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, University Hospital Center (CHUQ), 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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18
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Zhang G, Miura Y, Yagasaki K. Inhibitory effects of theanine and sera from theanine-fed rats on receptor-mediated cancer cell invasion beneath mesothelial-cell monolayers. Cytotechnology 2011; 36:195-200. [PMID: 19003331 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014005423181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the bioavailability and mode of action of theanine against cancer, we examined in vitro and ex vivo effects of theanine on invasion of a rat ascites hepatoma cell line of AH109A. Theanine dose-dependently inhibited the invasion of AH109A cells across rat mesentery-derived mesothelial-cell (M-cell) monolayers without restraining AH109A cell proliferation in vitro. Rat sera obtained after oral intubation of theanine also inhibited the invasion. A competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptor antagonist, (+/-) 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5), dose-dependently counteracted the theanine-mediated in vitro and ex vivo inhibition of AH109A invasion. A competitive non-NMDA type glutamate receptor antagonist, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline 2,3-dione (DNQX), did not affect this inhibition by theanine in vitro. These results suggest that the inhibition of AH109A invasion by theanine may be mediated by the NMDA receptor of AH109A.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Saiwaicho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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19
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Zhang Y, Chen B, Huang Z, Shi Z. Preparative Isolation and Purification of L‐Theanine by HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120029704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- a Hunan Entry‐Exit Inspection Lab , Chihuang Road #48, Changsha , 410001 , P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- a Hunan Entry‐Exit Inspection Lab , Chihuang Road #48, Changsha , 410001 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- a Hunan Entry‐Exit Inspection Lab , Chihuang Road #48, Changsha , 410001 , P.R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Shi
- a Hunan Entry‐Exit Inspection Lab , Chihuang Road #48, Changsha , 410001 , P.R. China
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20
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Daruwalla J, Nikfarjam M, Greish K, Malcontenti-Wilson C, Muralidharan V, Christophi C, Maeda H. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tumor targeting styrene-maleic acid copolymer-pirarubicin micelles: Survival improvement and inhibition of liver metastases. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1866-74. [PMID: 20579075 PMCID: PMC11158514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirarubicin is a derivative of doxorubicin with improved intracellular uptake and reduced cardiotoxicity. We have prepared a micellar formulation of pirarubicin using styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) of mean molecular weight of 1.2 kDa, which exhibits a mean diameter of 248 nm in solution. Being a macromolecule, SMA-pirarubicin micelles exhibit excellent tumor targeting capacity due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Here we report the antitumor activity of SMA-pirarubicin micelles on human colon and breast cancer cell lines in vitro, and a murine liver metastasis model in vivo. Metastatic tumor microvasculature, necrosis, apoptosis, proliferation, and survival were also investigated using immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, active caspase-3, and CD34, respectively. Drug cytotoxicity in vitro was assessed using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. In vivo, SMA-pirarubicin was administered at 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg (pirarubicin equivalent). Tumor microvasculature was also assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA)-pirarubicin micelles were toxic against human colorectal and breast cancer cells in vitro. IC(50) was at or below 1 muM, free pirarubicin equivalent. In vivo, SMA-pirarubicin at 100 mg/kg reduced tumor volume by 80% and achieved a survival rate of 93% at 40 days after tumor inoculation. Styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA)-pirarubicin micelles demonstrated potent antitumor activity in this liver metastases model, contributing to prolonged survival. Histological examination of tumor nodules showed significant reduction and proliferation of tumor cells (>90%). The present results suggest that investigation of the effect of multiple dosing at later time points to further improve survival is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurstine Daruwalla
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Effects of theanine on growth of human lung cancer and leukemia cells as well as migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells. Cytotechnology 2009; 59:211-7. [PMID: 19760127 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-009-9223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of theanine, a tea characteristic amino acid, on human lung cancer and leukemia cells. In the present study, we have demonstrated that theanine suppressed the in vitro and ex vivo growth of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and leukemia K562 cell lines in dose- and time-dependant manners. In addition, theanine displayed the inhibitory effect on the migration of A549 cells. More importantly, theanine enhanced the anticancer activity of anticancer agents such as trichostatin A (the histone deacetylase inhibitor), berbamine and norcantharidin (the anticancer drugs in China) by strongly reducing the viability and/or migration rate in A549 cells. In addition, theanine significantly suppressed A549 cell invasion. Suppression of A549 cell migration may be one of the important mechanisms of action of theanine against the A549 cell invasion. Our present results suggest that theanine may have the wide therapeutic and/or adjuvant therapeutic application in the treatment of human lung cancer and leukemia.
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22
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Use of intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization before limb salvage surgery for osteosarcoma of the lower extremity. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2009; 32:672-8. [PMID: 19296158 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-009-9546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report our experience with the use of intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization before limb salvage surgery in patients with osteosarcoma of the lower extremity. We evaluated the effect of this procedure on the degree of tumor necrosis and on the amount of blood loss during surgery. We reviewed the medical records of all patients who received intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization before undergoing limb salvage surgery for osteosarcoma of the lower extremity at our institution between January 2003 and April 2008. Patient demographic, tumor characteristics, treatment details, postembolization complications, and surgical and pathological findings were recorded for each patient. We evaluated the operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and volume of blood transfusion during surgery and in the postoperative period in all patients in the study group. The same parameters were recorded for 65 other patients with lower extremity osteosarcoma who underwent limb salvage operation at our institution without undergoing preoperative intervention. The study included 47 patients (25 males and 22 females). Angiography showed that the tumors were hypervascular. Intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization were performed successfully, resulting in a substantial reduction or complete disappearance of tumor stain in all patients. No major complications were encountered. At the time of surgery, performed 3-7 days after embolization, a fibrous edematous band around the tumor was observed in 43 of the 47 patients, facilitating surgery. The goal of limb salvage was achieved successfully in all cases. Percentage tumor necrosis induced by treatment ranged from 70.2% to 94.2% (average, 82.9%). EBL during surgery, EBL from drains in the postoperative period, total EBL, and transfusion volumes were significantly lower in the 47 study patients compared to the 65 patients who underwent surgery without preoperative treatment with intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization. The mean operative time was also significantly less in the intervention group compared to the nonintervention group (73.2 vs. 88.5 min; p < 0.05). In conclusion, intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization performed 3 to 7 days before limb salvage surgery in patients with lower extremity osteosarcomas can cause substantial tumor necrosis, reduce the EBL and transfusion requirements during surgery, and induce formation of a false capsule around the tumor, thus facilitating surgical excision of the tumors.
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23
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Daruwalla J, Greish K, Nikfarjam M, Millar I, Malcontenti-Wilson C, Iyer AK, Christophi C. Evaluation of the effect of SMA-pirarubicin micelles on colorectal cancer liver metastases and of hyperbaric oxygen in CBA mice. J Drug Target 2007; 15:487-95. [PMID: 17671895 DOI: 10.1080/10611860701499839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP or pirarubicin) destroys tumors via several mechanisms; one of which involves the production of ROS that requires molecular oxygen for its generation. SMA forms stable self-assembled associated micelles with pirarubicin (SMA-pirarubicin), and confers macromolecular characteristics to pirarubicin. This micellar macromolecular drug is selectively delivered to solid tumors via the EPR effect and its preferential tumor accumulation suppresses the systemic toxicity whilst its prolonged high concentration at the site of tumor enhances its efficacy much higher compared to free pirarubicin. Administration of SMA-pirarubicin micelle under HBO can further enhance the delivery of molecular oxygen that facilitates tumor selective generation of ROS, thus augmenting its antitumor potency. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of SMA-pirarubicin micelles either as single drug or in combination with HBO in a mouse metastatic colorectal cancer model. At or below the maximum tolerated dose, SMA-pirarubicin remarkably reduced metastatic tumor nodules and it was far more effective than free pirarubicin. The data also suggests a potential benefit of combined therapy of HBO with micellar anthracyclins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurstine Daruwalla
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
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24
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Garg AK, Buchholz TA, Aggarwal BB. Chemosensitization and radiosensitization of tumors by plant polyphenols. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 7:1630-47. [PMID: 16356126 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancer with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation has two major problems: time-dependent development of tumor resistance to therapy (chemoresistance and radioresistance) and nonspecific toxicity toward normal cells. Many plant-derived polyphenols have been studied intently for their potential chemopreventive properties and are pharmacologically safe. These compounds include genistein, curcumin, resveratrol, silymarin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, flavopiridol, emodin, green tea polyphenols, piperine, oleandrin, ursolic acid, and betulinic acid. Recent research has suggested that these plant polyphenols might be used to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance. These agents have also been found to be protective from therapy-associated toxicities. How these polyphenols protect normal cells and sensitize tumor cells to treatment is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Garg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Horvath LE, Konstantinov SM, Ilarionova MV, Todorov DK. Effects of the plant alkaloid thaliblastine on non-cross-resistant and sensitive human leukemia cells in relation with reversal of acquired anthracycline resistance. Fitoterapia 2005; 75:712-7. [PMID: 15567248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2003] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thaliblastine exhibits dose dependent cytotoxic effect on HL-60, HL-60/DOX, RHE and HD-MY-2 leukemia cells. Additionally, typical for apoptosis oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation could be detected in leukemia cells treated with thaliblastine. Moreover, an MDR-phenotype reversing effect of thaliblastine was also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo E Horvath
- Department of Oncopharmacology and Toxicology, National Oncology Center, 6, Plovdivsko Pole St., Bldg. Experimenta Room #38, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
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26
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Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y. Theanine and glutamate transporter inhibitors enhance the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2003; 1653:47-59. [PMID: 14643924 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(03)00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical modulation has played an important role in the development of cancer chemotherapy. The combined effects of theanine, a specific amino acid in green tea, and glutamate transporter inhibitors on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX), were investigated and we clarified the biochemical mechanisms of action of these modulators. In M5076 ovarian sarcoma-bearing mice, theanine significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of DOX on tumor growth and increased the DOX concentration in the tumor, compared to DOX-alone group. Furthermore, the oral administration of theanine or green tea similarly enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX. Moreover, the combination of theanine with DOX suppressed the hepatic metastasis of ovarian sarcoma. In contrast, an increase in DOX concentration was not observed in normal tissues, such as liver and heart. Namely, theanine did not enhance, rather it tended to normalize the increase of lipid peroxide (LPO) levels and reduction of glutathione peroxidase activity as indicators of the DOX-induced side toxicity. On the other hand, in vitro experiments proved that theanine inhibited the efflux of DOX from tumor cells, supporting a theanine-induced increase in the DOX concentration in tumors in vivo. Moreover, theanine significantly inhibited the glutamate uptake by M5076 cells similar to specific inhibitors. Two astrocytic high-affinity glutamate transporters, GLAST and GLT-1, were expressed in M5076 cells. These results suggested that the inhibition of DOX efflux was induced by theanine-mediated inhibition of glutamate transporters. The reduction in the concentration of glutamate in tumor cells caused by theanine induced decreases in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) and GS-DOX conjugate levels. As the expression of MRP5 in M5076 cells was confirmed, it is suggested that the GS-DOX conjugate was transported extracellularly via the MRP5/GS-X pump in M5076 cells and that theanine affected this route. Namely, theanine increases the concentration of DOX in a tumor in vivo through inhibition of the glutamate transporter via the GS-X pump. Similarly, dihydrokainate (DHK) and L-serine-O-sulfate (SOS), specific glutamate transporter inhibitors, indicated the enhancement of the DOX antitumor activity via inhibition of glutamate uptake. Therefore, we revealed the novel mechanism of enhancement of antitumor efficacy of DOX via the inhibition of glutamate transporters. Similarly, theanine enhanced the antitumor activities of other anthracyclines, cisplatin and irinotecan. Consequently, the modulating effect of theanine on the efficacy of antitumor agents is expected to be applicable in clinical cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Sugiyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, 422-8526 Shizuoka, Japan
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27
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Huber LG. Green Tea Catechins and L-Theanine in Integrative Cancer Care: A Review of the Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1089/107628003322658557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Lehmann M, Franco A, de Souza Prudente Vilar K, Luķza Reguly M, de Andrade HHR. Doxorubicin and two of its analogues are preferential inducers of homologous recombination compared with mutational events in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 2003; 539:167-75. [PMID: 12948825 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(03)00162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic effects of the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) and two of its analogues, epirubicin (EPI) and pirarubicin (THP) were studied using the wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. These compounds are classified as topoisomerase II (topo II) poisons, acting by stabilizing a topoisomerase II-cleaved DNA complex. Using the standard version of the SMART test it was possible to estimate the quantitative and qualitative genotoxic effects of these compounds, comparing the wing spot frequencies in marker- and balancer-heterozygous flies. The results obtained indicate that all three compounds induce a high frequency of spots related to homologous recombination (HR), which is the major event responsible for their genetic toxicity. Pirarubicin was the most genotoxic anthracycline, inducing approximately 21 times more genetic lesions than doxorubicin, probably due to the presence of a second sugar ring in the amino sugar moiety in its chemical structure. Although the only difference between epirubicin and doxorubicin is the steric position of the amino sugar 4'-OH in the molecule, epirubicin is approximately 1.6 times as genotoxic as doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lehmann
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15053, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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