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Liu Y, Niu M, Luo Y, Pan M, Hong S. DNA damage response and inflammatory response: Two traffic lights for HPVs on the road to transformation. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29815. [PMID: 39073137 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. When HPV infection persists, infected tissues can develop many HPV-related diseases such as cervical cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To establish their persistent infection, HPVs have evolved mechanisms to manipulate the host cellular processes such as DNA damage response (DDR), which includes homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining, and microhomology-mediated end joining. Additionally, HPVs utilize host inflammatory processes to facilitate their life cycles. Here, we bridge the concepts of DDR and inflammatory response, and discuss how HPV proteins orchestrate a sophisticated manipulation of DDR and inflammation to promote their viral replication, ultimately fostering the progression of infected cells towards oncogenic transformation to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengda Niu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyuan Hong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Dash SR, Kundu A, Kundu CN. The role of viruses in cancer progression versus cancer treatment: A dual paradigm. Life Sci 2024; 341:122506. [PMID: 38373620 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Most human malignancies are attributed to exposure to infectious organisms such as viruses. Certain infections that can induce cancer can evade the immune system, leading to persistent inflammation that facilitates uncontrolled cell growth. Moreover, these pathogens can increase the likelihood of oncogenic transformation, leading to cancer development. Despite significant advancements in medicine, oncological research continues to seek innovative treatment techniques in light of the constraints imposed by traditional therapeutic agents. Virus-based therapy is a novel treatment method that has garnered significant interest due to its broad range of applications. Virotherapy employs oncolytic viruses that are genetically modified to target tumor cells specifically, undergo replication inside them and destroy the malignant cells. Additionally, this therapeutic approach elicits an anticancer response by boosting the patient's immune system. In addition, viruses are commonly employed as targeted delivery vectors for the precise transportation of various genes, medicinal compounds and immune-stimulating substances. Furthermore, virotherapy offers more excellent anticancer activity in combination with established treatment modalities such as immune therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review presents a concise overview of the roles played by infectious agents, such as viruses in cancer progression. In addition, we have thoroughly summarized the advancements in utilizing viruses for their oncolytic properties in conjunction with established cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Anushka Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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3
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Chen L, Alabdullah M, Mahnke K. Adenosine, bridging chronic inflammation and tumor growth. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258637. [PMID: 38022572 PMCID: PMC10643868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is a well-known immunosuppressive agent that may be released or generated extracellularly by cells, via degrading ATP by the sequential actions of the ectonucleotides CD39 and CD73. During inflammation Ado is produced by leukocytes and tissue cells by different means to initiate the healing phase. Ado downregulates the activation and the effector functions of different leukocyte (sub-) populations and stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts for re-establishment of intact tissues. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory actions of Ado are already intrinsically triggered during each episode of inflammation. These tissue-regenerating and inflammation-tempering purposes of Ado can become counterproductive. In chronic inflammation, it is possible that Ado-driven anti-inflammatory actions sustain the inflammation and prevent the final clearance of the tissues from possible pathogens. These chronic infections are characterized by increased tissue damage, remodeling and accumulating DNA damage, and are thus prone for tumor formation. Developing tumors may further enhance immunosuppressive actions by producing Ado by themselves, or by "hijacking" CD39+/CD73+ cells that had already developed during chronic inflammation. This review describes different and mostly convergent mechanisms of how Ado-induced immune suppression, initially induced in inflammation, can lead to tumor formation and outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Inácio Â, Aguiar L, Rodrigues B, Pires P, Ferreira J, Matos A, Mendonça I, Rosa R, Bicho M, Medeiros R, Bicho MC. Genetic Modulation of HPV Infection and Cervical Lesions: Role of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1806. [PMID: 37891885 PMCID: PMC10604255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary but not sufficient factor for the development of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Oxidative stress is known to play a crucial role in HPV infection and carcinogenesis. In this study, we comprehensively investigate the modulation of HPV infection, HSIL and ICC, and ICC through an exploration of oxidative stress-related genes: CβS, MTHFR, NOS3, ACE1, CYBA, HAP, ACP1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and CYP1A1. Notably, the ACE1 gene emerges as a prominent factor with the presence of the I allele offering protection against HPV infection. The association of NOS3 with HPV infection is perceived with the 4a allele showing a protective effect. The presence of the GSTT1 null mutant correlates with increased susceptibility to HPV infection, HSIL and ICC, and ICC. This study also uncovers intriguing epistatic interactions among some of the genes that further accentuate their roles in disease modulation. Indeed, the epistatic interactions between the BB genotype (ACP1) and DD genotype (ECA1) were shown to increase the risk of HPV infection, and the interaction between BB (ACP1) and 0.0 (GSTT1) was associated with HPV infection and cervical lesions. These findings underscore the pivotal role of four oxidative stress-related genes in HPV-associated cervical lesions and cancer development, enriching our clinical understanding of the genetic influences on disease manifestation. The awareness of these genetic variations holds potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Inácio
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Aguiar
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pires
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Matos
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Mendonça
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Rosa
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Bicho
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) e Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Nigam M, Mishra AP, Deb VK, Dimri DB, Tiwari V, Bungau SG, Bungau AF, Radu AF. Evaluation of the association of chronic inflammation and cancer: Insights and implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115015. [PMID: 37321055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most extensively researched processes in the development and treatment of cancer is inflammatory condition. Although acute inflammation is essential for the wound healing and reconstruction of tissues that have been damaged, chronic inflammation may contribute to the onset and growth of a number of diseases, including cancer. By disrupting the signaling processes of cells, which result in cancer induction, invasion, and development, a variety of inflammatory molecules are linked to the development of cancer. The microenvironment surrounding the tumor is greatly influenced by inflammatory cells and their subsequent secretions, which also contribute significantly to the tumor's growth, survivability, and potential migration. These inflammatory variables have been mentioned in several publications as prospective diagnostic tools for anticipating the onset of cancer. Targeting inflammation with various therapies can reduce the inflammatory response and potentially limit or block the proliferation of cancer cells. The scientific medical literature from the past three decades has been studied to determine how inflammatory chemicals and cell signaling pathways related to cancer invasion and metastasis are related. The current narrative review updates the relevant literature while highlighting the specifics of inflammatory signaling pathways in cancer and their possible therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Vishal Kumar Deb
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, 176061 Palampur, Himanchal Pradesh, India
| | - Deen Bandhu Dimri
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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6
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He H, Zhang P, Li F, Zeng C, Liu D, Wu K. Predicting the prognosis of esophageal cancer based on extensive analysis of new inflammatory response‐related signature. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 37:e23291. [PMID: 36536508 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of esophageal cancer (ESCA) is very poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. On the other hand, inflammation is the characteristic hallmark of ESCA; however, the prognostic relationship between inflammatory response-related genes and ESCA has not been clarified yet. Therefore, in the present manuscript, we intend to investigate the correlation and specific signature of inflammation for the prediction of the prognosis of ESCA. A total of 173 samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including 162 tumors and 11 normal specimens. The prognostic signature was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis. The transcription factor regulatory network with genes of the prognostic signature was analyzed from the transcriptional regulatory relationships unravelled by sentence-based text-mining database. Chemotherapy sensitivity and immunotherapy analysis were also performed. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the signature was an independent prognostic risk factor. The low-risk group had poorer outcomes than the high-risk group. In the high-risk group, the infiltration of most immune cells was high and strongly correlated with the riskScore. In chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity analysis, OSM, AHR, and BTG2 were significantly correlated with the current chemotherapeutic drugs of ESCA. We have demonstrated a valid prognostic signature of inflammatory response-related genes and found strong associations with immune cells, targeted genes, and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Donglei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
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Porter VL, Marra MA. The Drivers, Mechanisms, and Consequences of Genome Instability in HPV-Driven Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4623. [PMID: 36230545 PMCID: PMC9564061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative driver of cervical cancer and a contributing risk factor of head and neck cancer and several anogenital cancers. HPV's ability to induce genome instability contributes to its oncogenicity. HPV genes can induce genome instability in several ways, including modulating the cell cycle to favour proliferation, interacting with DNA damage repair pathways to bring high-fidelity repair pathways to viral episomes and away from the host genome, inducing DNA-damaging oxidative stress, and altering the length of telomeres. In addition, the presence of a chronic viral infection can lead to immune responses that also cause genome instability of the infected tissue. The HPV genome can become integrated into the host genome during HPV-induced tumorigenesis. Viral integration requires double-stranded breaks on the DNA; therefore, regions around the integration event are prone to structural alterations and themselves are targets of genome instability. In this review, we present the mechanisms by which HPV-dependent and -independent genome instability is initiated and maintained in HPV-driven cancers, both across the genome and at regions of HPV integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Porter
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marco A. Marra
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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8
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Liu N, Shi F, Yang L, Liao W, Cao Y. Oncogenic viral infection and amino acid metabolism in cancer progression: Molecular insights and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Epigenetic Regulation: A Link between Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051221. [PMID: 35267528 PMCID: PMC8908969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetics encompasses all the modifications that occur within cells that are independent of gene mutations. The environment is the main influencer of these alterations. It is well known that a proinflammatory environment can promote and sustain the carcinogenic process and that this environment induces epigenetic alterations. In this review, we will report how a proinflammatory microenvironment that encircles the tumor core can be responsible for the induction of epigenetic drift. Abstract Epigenetics encompasses a group of dynamic, reversible, and heritable modifications that occur within cells that are independent of gene mutations. These alterations are highly influenced by the environment, from the environment that surrounds the human being to the internal microenvironments located within tissues and cells. The ways that pigenetic modifications promote the initiation of the tumorigenic process have been widely demonstrated. Similarly, it is well known that carcinogenesis is supported and prompted by a strong proinflammatory environment. In this review, we introduce our report of a proinflammatory microenvironment that encircles the tumor core but can be responsible for the induction of epigenetic drift. At the same time, cancer cells can alter their epigenetic profile to generate a positive loop in the promotion of the inflammatory process. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the epigenetic networks between the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells might highlight new targetable mechanisms that could prevent tumor progression.
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Barillari G, Bei R, Manzari V, Modesti A. Infection by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Squamous Pre-Malignant or Malignant Lesions of the Uterine Cervix: A Series of Chained Events? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13543. [PMID: 34948338 PMCID: PMC8703928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires static epithelial cells to gradually assume a mobile phenotype through a multi-step process termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although it is inherently transient and reversible, EMT perdures and is abnormally activated when the epithelium is chronically exposed to pathogens: this event deeply alters the tissue and eventually contributes to the development of diseases. Among the many of them is uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most frequent malignancy of the female genital system. SCC, whose onset is associated with the persistent infection of the uterine cervix by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), often relapses and/or metastasizes, being resistant to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Given that these fearsome clinical features may stem, at least in part, from the exacerbated and long-lasting EMT occurring in the HPV-infected cervix; here we have reviewed published studies concerning the impact that HPV oncoproteins, cellular tumor suppressors, regulators of gene expression, inflammatory cytokines or growth factors, and the interactions among these effectors have on EMT induction and cervical carcinogenesis. It is predictable and desirable that a broader comprehension of the role that EMT inducers play in SCC pathogenesis will provide indications to flourish new strategies directed against this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 1 via Montellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
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Basukala O, Banks L. The Not-So-Good, the Bad and the Ugly: HPV E5, E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Orchestration of Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:1892. [PMID: 34696321 PMCID: PMC8541208 DOI: 10.3390/v13101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with HPV starts with the access of the viral particles to basal cells in the epidermis, potentially via microtraumas to the skin. The basal cells are able to keep away these pathogens in normal circumstances through a robust immune response from the host, as HPV infections are, in general, cleared within 2 to 3 weeks. However, the rare instances of persistent infection and/or in cases where the host immune system is compromised are major risk factors for the development of lesions potentially leading to malignancy. Evolutionarily, obligatory pathogens such as HPVs would not be expected to risk exposing the host to lethal cancer, as this would entail challenging their own life cycle, but infection with these viruses is highly correlated with cancer and malignancy-as in cancer of the cervix, which is almost always associated with these viruses. Despite this key associative cause and the availability of very effective vaccines against these viruses, therapeutic interventions against HPV-induced cancers are still a challenge, indicating the need for focused translational research. In this review, we will consider the key roles that the viral proteins play in driving the host cells to carcinogenesis, mainly focusing on events orchestrated by early proteins E5, E6 and E7-the not-so-good, the bad and the ugly-and discuss and summarize the major events that lead to these viruses mechanistically corrupting cellular homeostasis, giving rise to cancer and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence Banks
- Tumour Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy;
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12
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Impact of infections, preneoplasia and cancer on micronucleus formation in urothelial and cervical cells: A systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108361. [PMID: 34083051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 165,000 and 311,000 individuals die annually from urothelial (UC) and cervical (CC) cancer. The therapeutic success of these cancers depends strongly on their early detection and could be improved by use of additional diagnostic tools. We evaluated the current knowledge of the use of micronucleus (MN) assays (which detect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations) with urine- (UDC) and cervix-derived (CDC) cells for the identification of humans with increased risks and for the diagnosis of UC and CC. Several findings indicate that MN rates in UDC are higher in individuals with inflammation and schistosomiasis that are associated with increased prevalence of UC; furthermore, higher MN rates were also found in CDC in women with HPV, Candidiasis and Trichomonas infections which increase the risks for CC. Only few studies were published on MN rates in UDS in patients with UC, two concern the detection of recurrent bladder tumors. Strong correlations were found in individuals with abnormal CC cells that are scored in Pap tests and histopathological abnormalities. In total, 16 studies were published which concerned these topics. MN rates increased in the order: inflammation < ASC-US/ASC-H < LSIL < HSIL < CC. It is evident that MNi numbers increase with the risk to develop CC and with the degree of malignant transformation. Overall, the evaluation of the literature indicates that MNi are useful additional biomarkers for the prognosis and detection of CC and possibly also for UC. In regard to the diagnosis/surveillance of UC, further investigations are needed to draw firm conclusions, but the currently available data are promising. In general, further standardization of the assays is needed (i.e. definition of optimal cell numbers and of suitable stains as well as elucidation of the usefulness of parameters reflecting cytotoxicity and mitotic activity) before MN trials can be implemented in routine screening.
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Hu Y, Xiang J, Su L, Tang X. The regulation of nitric oxide in tumor progression and therapy. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520905985. [PMID: 32090657 PMCID: PMC7110915 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520905985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gas with free radical groups that is soluble in water, and which is involved in numerous physiological functions including inflammatory and immune responses. However, the role of NO in tumor biology is controversial and misunderstood. NO has been shown to have both anti-cancer and carcinogenic effects, which are dependent on the time, location, and concentration of NO. This duality presents a double challenge to determine the net impact of NO on cancer and to define the therapeutic role of NO-centered anti-cancer strategies. Nevertheless, it is believed that a comprehensive and dynamic understanding of the cascade of molecular and cellular events underlying tumor biology that are affected by NO will allow researchers to exploit the potential anti-tumor properties of drugs that interfere with NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xiang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, P. R. China
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14
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Nilsson R, Liu NA. Nuclear DNA damages generated by reactive oxygen molecules (ROS) under oxidative stress and their relevance to human cancers, including ionizing radiation-induced neoplasia part II: Relation between ROS-induced DNA damages and human cancer. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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15
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Jiang Y, Liao H, Zhang X, Cao S, Hu X, Yang Z, Fang Y, Wang H. IL-33 synergistically promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vitro by inducing antibacterial peptide LL-37 and proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Immunobiology 2020; 225:152025. [PMID: 33190003 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, and the persistent inflammation is inextricably linked with the lung cancer tumorigenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) is able to serve as a potent modulator of cancer. Mounting evidence indicates IL-33 has significant effect on lung cancer progression by regulating host immune response, but the current opinions about the function and mechanism of IL-33 in lung cancer are still controversial. Meanwhile, antibacterial peptide LL-37 also exerts a momentous effect on immune responses to lung cancer. LL-37 is regarded as versatile, including antimicrobial activities, chemotaxis and immunoregulation. However, the immunomodulatory mechanism of IL-33 and LL-37 in lung cancer remains thoroughly not defined. Here, we determined the secretion of LL-37 was up-regulated in lung cancer serum samples. Similarly, the expression of CRAMP was enhancive in macrophages after co-cultured with lung cancer cells. Moreover, we expounded that IL-33 could up-regulate LL-37 secretion in macrophages, resulting in the massive releases of IL-6 and IL-1β. Additionally, LL-37 cooperated with IL-33 to increase the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 pathways, and augmented IL-6 and IL-1β secretion, which resulting in the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vitro. In conclusion, our study identified that IL-33 aggravated the inflammation of lung cancer by increasing LL-37 expression in macrophages, thereby promoting lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro. It is contributed to our present understanding of the immunomodulatory relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and antibacterial peptides in the tumor immune response, and offer a novel perspective for controlling the progress of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongyi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sijia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuexue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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16
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Park Y, Pang K, Park J, Hong E, Lee J, Ooshima A, Kim HS, Cho JH, Han Y, Lee C, Song YS, Park KS, Yang KM, Kim SJ. Destablilization of TRAF6 by DRAK1 Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2537-2549. [PMID: 32265222 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a key mediator in inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling its activity and stability in cancer progression remain unclear. Here we show that death-associated protein kinase-related apoptosis-inducing kinase 1 (DRAK1) inhibits the proinflammatory signaling pathway by targeting TRAF6 for degradation, thereby suppressing inflammatory signaling-mediated tumor growth and metastasis in advanced cervical cancer cells. DRAK1 bound directly to the TRAF domain of TRAF6, preventing its autoubiquitination by interfering with homo-oligomerization, eventually leading to autophagy-mediated degradation of TRAF6. Depletion of DRAK1 in cervical cancer cells resulted in markedly increased levels of TRAF6 protein, promoting activation of the IL1β signaling-associated pathway and proinflammatory cytokine production. DRAK1 was specifically underexpressed in metastatic cervical cancers and inversely correlated with TRAF6 expression in mouse xenograft model tumor tissues and human cervical tumor tissues. Collectively, our findings highlight DRAK1 as a novel antagonist of inflammation targeting TRAF6 for degradation that limits inflammatory signaling-mediated progression of advanced cervical cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Serine/threonine kinase DRAK1 serves a unique role as a novel negative regulator of the inflammatory signaling mediator TRAF6 in cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyoungwha Pang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Akira Ooshima
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Suk Kim
- TheragenEtex Bio Institute, TheragenEtex Co., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Yang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. .,TheragenEtex Bio Institute, TheragenEtex Co., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hung WC, Wu TF, Ng SC, Lee YC, Shen HP, Yang SF, Wang PH. Involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants in the aggressiveness of uterine cervical cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:2594-2600. [PMID: 31258766 PMCID: PMC6584934 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, few studies explore the involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene variants in uterine cervical cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the clinical implication of eNOS in cervical carcinogenesis, clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. One hundred and seventeen patients with cervical invasive cancer and 95 with preinvasive lesions and 330 control women were consecutively enrolled. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the genotypic distributions of eNOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1799983 (894G>T) at the exon 7 region and rs2070744 (-786T>C) at the promoter region. Our results indicated no significant associations among genotypic distributions of eNOS SNPs and patients with cervical invasive cancer and those with preinvasive lesions as well as normal controls. However, cervical cancer patients with genotypes TC/CC in eNOS SNP rs2070744 carried less risk of advanced stage [odds ratios (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.09-0.97, p=0.036], parametrium invasion (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.02-0.75, p=0.009) and pelvic lymph node metastasis (OR=0.12, 95% CI=0.01-0.89, p=0.016). In conclusion, although eNOS SNPs rs2070744 and rs1799983 do not display significant associations with cervical carcinogenesis and patient survival, cervical cancer patients with genotypes TC/CC in rs2070744 carry less risk of advanced stage, parametrium invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Soo-Cheen Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Radiation Oncology Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Pin Shen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Abstract
Infection and inflammation account for approximately 25% of cancer-causing factors. Inflammation-related cancers are characterized by mutagenic DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. Our previous studies demonstrated the formation of 8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine in the tissues of cancer and precancerous lesions due to infection (e.g., Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma, Schistosoma haematobium-associated bladder cancer, Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer, human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer, Epstein-Barr virus-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., asbestos, nanomaterials, and inflammatory diseases such as Barrett's esophagus and oral leukoplakia). Interestingly, several of our studies suggested that inflammation-associated DNA damage in cancer stem-like cells leads to cancer development with aggressive clinical features. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species from inflammation damage not only DNA but also other biomacromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, resulting in their dysfunction. We identified oxidatively damaged proteins in cancer tissues by 2D Oxyblot followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. As an example, oxidatively damaged transferrin released iron ion, which may mediate Fenton reactions and generate additional reactive oxygen species. Dysfunction of anti-oxidative proteins due to this damage might increase oxidative stress. Such damage in biomacromolecules may form a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, leading to cancer development. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation play vital roles in carcinogenesis, especially in inflammation-related cancers. We examined epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation, in Epstein-Barr virus-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the endemic area of Southern China and found several differentially methylated tumor suppressor gene candidates by using a next-generation sequencer. Among these candidates, we revealed higher methylation rates of RAS-like estrogen-regulated growth inhibitor (RERG) in biopsy specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma more conveniently by using restriction enzyme-based real-time PCR. This result may help to improve cancer screening strategies. We profiled microRNAs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues using microarrays. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the concordant downregulation of miR-497 in cancer tissues and plasma, suggesting that plasma miR-497 could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chronic inflammation promotes genetic and epigenetic aberrations, with various pathogeneses. These changes may be useful biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early detection and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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19
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Abstract
Infection and inflammation account for approximately 25% of cancer-causing factors. Inflammation-related cancers are characterized by mutagenic DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. Our previous studies demonstrated the formation of 8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine in the tissues of cancer and precancerous lesions due to infection (e.g., Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma, Schistosoma haematobium-associated bladder cancer, Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer, human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer, Epstein-Barr virus-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., asbestos, nanomaterials, and inflammatory diseases such as Barrett's esophagus and oral leukoplakia). Interestingly, several of our studies suggested that inflammation-associated DNA damage in cancer stem-like cells leads to cancer development with aggressive clinical features. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species from inflammation damage not only DNA but also other biomacromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, resulting in their dysfunction. We identified oxidatively damaged proteins in cancer tissues by 2D Oxyblot followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. As an example, oxidatively damaged transferrin released iron ion, which may mediate Fenton reactions and generate additional reactive oxygen species. Dysfunction of anti-oxidative proteins due to this damage might increase oxidative stress. Such damage in biomacromolecules may form a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, leading to cancer development. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation play vital roles in carcinogenesis, especially in inflammation-related cancers. We examined epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation, in Epstein-Barr virus-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the endemic area of Southern China and found several differentially methylated tumor suppressor gene candidates by using a next-generation sequencer. Among these candidates, we revealed higher methylation rates of RAS-like estrogen-regulated growth inhibitor (RERG) in biopsy specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma more conveniently by using restriction enzyme-based real-time PCR. This result may help to improve cancer screening strategies. We profiled microRNAs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues using microarrays. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the concordant downregulation of miR-497 in cancer tissues and plasma, suggesting that plasma miR-497 could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chronic inflammation promotes genetic and epigenetic aberrations, with various pathogeneses. These changes may be useful biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early detection and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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20
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Georgescu SR, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Caruntu C, Sarbu MI, Matei C, Nicolae I, Tocut SM, Popa MI, Tampa M. New Insights in the Pathogenesis of HPV Infection and the Associated Carcinogenic Processes: The Role of Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5315816. [PMID: 30225270 PMCID: PMC6129847 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5315816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus with tropism for epithelial cells. To this date, over 150 genotypes are known and are classified into two major groups, low-risk and high-risk strains, depending on the ability of the virus to induce malignant transformation. The host's immunity plays a central role in the course of the infection; therefore, it may not be clinically manifest or may produce various benign or malignant lesions. The pathogenic mechanisms are complex and incompletely elucidated. Recent research suggests the role of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of HPV infection and the associated carcinogenic processes. Chronic inflammation induces OS, which in turn promotes the perpetuation of the inflammatory process resulting in the release of numerous molecules which cause cell damage. Reactive oxygen species exert a harmful effect on proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Viral oncogenes E5, E6, and E7 are involved in the development of chronic inflammation through various mechanisms. In addition, HPV may interfere with redox homeostasis of host cells, inducing OS which may be involved in the persistence of the infection and play a certain role in viral integration and promotion of carcinogenesis. Knowledge regarding the interplay between chronic inflammation and OS in the pathogenesis of HPV infection and HPV-induced carcinogenesis has important consequences on the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Roxana Georgescu
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. N. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 22-24 Gr. Manolescu, Bucharest 011233, Romania
| | - Maria Isabela Sarbu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Cantacuzino” National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 281 Mihai Bravu, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Helena De Lorenzo B, De Carvalho Ramos M, Antoniazi Michelin M, Candido Murta EF. Progress in the use of Immunotherapy to Treat Uterine Cervical Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:1-7. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has a high incidence in many of the world's populations, and it has been hypothesized to be a precursor of uterine cervical cancer. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia also shares similar pathological traits with human papillomavirus infections. Various surgical treatments have been proposed over the years for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, including conization, hysterectomy and, more recently, a loop electrosurgical excisional procedure. However, a higher recurrence rate of the disease has been observed after these procedures. Therefore, immunotherapy has been proposed as a potential treatment to be used in conjunction with surgery, or independently, as treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Currently, immunotherapy includes the application of recombinant viral proteins, vaccines, or antibody- and dendritic cell-based therapies. In this review, we summarize the development and testing of these immunotherapy approaches, particularly in regard to their application for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Helena De Lorenzo
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marisa De Carvalho Ramos
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Márcia Antoniazi Michelin
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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22
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Hou B, Ishinaga H, Midorikawa K, Nakamura S, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S, Ma N, Takeuchi K, Murata M. Let-7c inhibits migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by targeting IGF1R and HMGA2. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8927-8940. [PMID: 29507664 PMCID: PMC5823619 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we investigated the function of let-7c as a tumor suppressor. Let-7c expression was significantly down-regulated in HNSCC tumor tissues and cell lines. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that let-7c negatively regulated HNSCC proliferation, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). To explore the underlying mechanisms that affect these molecular events achieved by let-7c, we predicted its target genes. We performed luciferase assay and confirmed that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) were the direct targets of let-7c. Knocking down of IGF1R and HMGA2 inhibited HNSCC progression, including proliferation, migration and EMT in HNSCC cells. Re-expression of these genes overcame let-7c–mediated inhibition. Taken together, our finding suggests that let-7c inhibits HNSCC progression by targeting IGF1R and HMGA2 and might be a novel target for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishinaga
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kaoru Midorikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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23
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Nosaka T, Naito T, Hiramatsu K, Ohtani M, Nemoto T, Marusawa H, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Kawanishi S, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Nakamoto Y. Gene expression profiling of hepatocarcinogenesis in a mouse model of chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185442. [PMID: 28968425 PMCID: PMC5624708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication of chronic viral hepatitis. In support of this notion, we have reported that hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes critically contribute to inducing chronic liver cell injury that exerts high carcinogenic potential in a hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mouse model. The dynamics of the molecular signatures responsible for hepatocellular carcinogenesis are not fully understood. The current study was designed to determine the serial changes in gene expression profiles in a model of chronic immune-mediated hepatitis. Methods Three-month-old HBV transgenic mice were immunologically reconstituted with bone marrow cells and splenocytes from syngeneic nontransgenic donors. Liver tissues were obtained every three months until 18 months at which time all mice developed multiple liver tumors. Nitrative DNA lesions and hepatocyte turnover were assessed immunohistochemically. Gene expression profiles were generated by extracting total RNA from the tissues and analyzing by microarray. Results The nitrative DNA lesions and the regenerative proliferation of hepatocytes were increased during the progression of chronic liver disease. In a gene expression profile analysis of liver samples, the chemokine- and T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated pathways were enhanced during chronic hepatitis, and the EGF- and VEGF-mediated pathways were induced in HCC. Among these molecules, the protein levels of STAT3 were greatly enhanced in all hepatocyte nuclei and further elevated in the cytoplasm in HCC tissue samples at 18 months, and the levels of phosphorylated TP53 (p-p53-Ser 6 and -Ser 15) were increased in liver tissues. Conclusions HBV-specific immune responses caused unique molecular signatures in the liver tissues of chronic hepatitis and triggered subsequent carcinogenic gene expression profiles in a mouse model. The results suggest a plausible molecular basis responsible for HBV-induced immune pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nosaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Naito
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsushi Hiramatsu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohtani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nemoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Relación entre la infección por el virus del papiloma humano y Chlamydia trachomatis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Su PH, Hsu YW, Huang RL, Weng YC, Wang HC, Chen YC, Tsai YJ, Yuan CC, Lai HC. Methylomics of nitroxidative stress on precancerous cells reveals DNA methylation alteration at the transition from in situ to invasive cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65281-65291. [PMID: 29029430 PMCID: PMC5630330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is important in cervical cancer development, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Increasing evidence indicates that DNA methylation is sensitive to changes in microenvironmental factors, such as nitric oxide (NO) in the chronic inflammatory cervix. However, the epigenomic effects of NO in cancer have not been investigated. In this study, we explored the methylomic effects of nitroxidative stress in HPV-immortalized precancerous cells. Chronic NO exposure promoted the acquisition of malignant phenotypes such as cell growth, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. Epigenetic analysis confirmed hypermethylation of PTPRR. Whole-genome methylation analysis showed BOLA2B, FGF8, HSPA6, LYPD2, and SHE were hypermethylated in cells. The hypermethylation BOLA2B, FGF8, HSPA6, and SHE was confirmed in cervical scrapings from invasive cancer, but not in CIN3/CIS, CIN2 and CIN1 (p=0.019, 0.023, 0.023 and 0.027 respectively), suggesting the role in the transition from in situ to invasive process. Our results reveal that nitroxidative stress causes epigenetic changes in HPV-infected cells. Investigation of these methylation changes in persistent HPV infection may help identify new biomarkers of DNA methylation for cervical cancer screening, especially for precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Su
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Weng
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Division of Research and Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ju Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Chung Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
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26
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Hiraku Y, Nishikawa Y, Ma N, Afroz T, Mizobuchi K, Ishiyama R, Matsunaga Y, Ichinose T, Kawanishi S, Murata M. Nitrative DNA damage induced by carbon-black nanoparticles in macrophages and lung epithelial cells. Mutat Res 2017; 818:7-16. [PMID: 28477879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black (CB) is a nanomaterial used mainly in rubber products. Exposure to CB by inhalation causes malignant lung tumors in experimental animals. CB inhalation may cause chronic inflammation in the respiratory system, leading to carcinogenesis, but the mechanism remains unclear. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions, and resulting DNA damage may contribute to carcinogenesis. In this study, we performed immunocytochemistry to determine whether CB exposure induces formation of 8-nitroguanine (8-nitroG), a nitrative DNA lesion formed under inflammatory conditions, in RAW 264.7 macrophage and A549 lung epithelial cells. We compared the DNA-damaging effects of CB particles with primary diameter 56nm (CB56) and 95nm (CB95). Both types of CB induced 8-nitroG formation, mainly in the nucleus of RAW 264.7 and A549 cells, and CB95 tended to induce more 8-nitroG formation than did CB56. Flow cytometry revealed that CB95 generated larger amount of reactive oxygen species than did CB56 in RAW 264.7 cells. The Griess method showed that CB95 produced significantly larger amount of nitric oxide (NO) than did CB56. Flow cytometry showed that CB95 was more efficiently internalized into the cells than was CB56. The cellular uptake of CB and 8-nitroG formation in RAW 264.7 cells were reduced by monodansylcadaverine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and by siRNA for Ctlc (clathrin heavy chain) gene. CB induces nitrative DNA damage in cultured cells, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involved, at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Tahmina Afroz
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mizobuchi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishiyama
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, 870-1201, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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27
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Kawanishi S, Ohnishi S, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S, Murata M. Nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in infection-related carcinogenesis in relation to cancer stem cells. Genes Environ 2017; 38:26. [PMID: 28050219 PMCID: PMC5203929 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors for carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells, and result in the formation of oxidative and nitrative DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. The DNA damage can cause mutations and has been implicated in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis. It has been estimated that various infectious agents are carcinogenic to humans (IARC group 1), including bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), viruses [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)] and parasites [Schistosoma haematobium (SH) and Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)]. H. pylori, HBV/HCV, HPV, EBV, SH and OV are important risk factors for gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, bladder cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. We demonstrated that 8-nitroguanine was strongly formed via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression at these cancer sites of patients. Moreover, 8-nitroguanine was formed in Oct3/4-positive stem cells in SH-associated bladder cancer tissues, and in Oct3/4- and CD133-positive stem cells in OV-associated cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Therefore, it is considered that nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in stem cells may play a key role in infection-related carcinogenesis via chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670 Japan
| | - Shiho Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670 Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670 Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
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28
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Vahora H, Khan MA, Alalami U, Hussain A. The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Halting Cancer Progression Through Chemoprevention. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:1-12. [PMID: 27051643 PMCID: PMC4819660 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in general plays a beneficial physiological role as a vasorelaxant and the role of NO is decided by its concentration present in physiological environments. NO either facilitates cancer-promoting characters or act as an anti-cancer agent. The dilemma in this regard still remains unanswered. This review summarizes the recent information on NO and its role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, as well as dietary chemopreventive agents which have NO-modulating properties with safe cytotoxic profile. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and cross-talk modulating NO effect by these chemopreventive agents can allow us to develop better therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa Vahora
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munawwar Ali Khan
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Usama Alalami
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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29
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Vahora H, Khan MA, Alalami U, Hussain A. The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Halting Cancer Progression Through Chemoprevention. J Cancer Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.1.1\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa Vahora
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munawwar Ali Khan
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Usama Alalami
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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30
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Sowjanya AP, Rao M, Vedantham H, Kalpana B, Poli UR, Marks MA, Sujatha M. Correlation of plasma nitrite/nitrate levels and inducible nitric oxide gene expression among women with cervical abnormalities and cancer. Nitric Oxide 2015; 52:21-8. [PMID: 26435258 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a soluble factor involved in chronic inflammation, may modulate cervical cancer risk among HPV infected women. The aim of the study was to measure and correlate plasma nitrite/nitrate levels with tissue specific expression of iNOS mRNA among women with different grades of cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Tissue biopsy and plasma specimens were collected from 120 women with cervical neoplasia or cancer (ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL and invasive cancer) and 35 women without cervical abnormalities. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA from biopsy and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels of the same study subjects were measured. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed on the promoter region and Ser608Leu (rs2297518) in exon 16 of the iNOS gene. Differences in iNOS gene expression and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were compared across disease stage using linear and logistic regression analysis. Compared to normal controls, women diagnosed with HSIL or invasive cancer had a significantly higher concentration of plasma nitrite/nitrate and a higher median fold-change in iNOS mRNA gene expression. Genotyping of the promoter region showed three different variations: A pentanucleotide repeat (CCTTT) n, -1026T > G (rs2779249) and a novel variant -1153T > A. These variants were associated with increased levels of plasma nitrite/nitrate across all disease stages. The higher expression of iNOS mRNA and plasma nitrite/nitrate among women with pre-cancerous lesions suggests a role for nitric oxide in the natural history of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pavani Sowjanya
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Telangana State, India.
| | - Meera Rao
- Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases, Nallakunta, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.
| | - Haripriya Vedantham
- Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) Campus, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, 501401 Telangana State, India.
| | - Basany Kalpana
- Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) Campus, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, 501401 Telangana State, India.
| | - Usha Rani Poli
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Lakdikapool, Hyderabad, 500004 Telangana State, India.
| | | | - M Sujatha
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Telangana State, India.
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31
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Alfonso H, Franklin P, Ching S, Croft K, Burcham P, Olsen N, Reid A, Joyce D, de Klerk N, Musk AWB. Effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on oxidative stress status and alveolar inflammation in people exposed to asbestos: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Respirology 2015; 20:1102-7. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helman Alfonso
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Peter Franklin
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Simon Ching
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Path West Laboratory Medicine; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Phil Burcham
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nola Olsen
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Alison Reid
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Medical Research; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - David Joyce
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nick de Klerk
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Institute of Child Health Research; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - AW Bill Musk
- School of Population Health; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Perth Western Australia Australia
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32
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Grech G, Zhan X, Yoo BC, Bubnov R, Hagan S, Danesi R, Vittadini G, Desiderio DM. EPMA position paper in cancer: current overview and future perspectives. EPMA J 2015; 6:9. [PMID: 25908947 PMCID: PMC4407842 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-015-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At present, a radical shift in cancer treatment is occurring in terms of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). Individual patients will participate in more aspects of their healthcare. During the development of PPPM, many rapid, specific, and sensitive new methods for earlier detection of cancer will result in more efficient management of the patient and hence a better quality of life. Coordination of the various activities among different healthcare professionals in primary, secondary, and tertiary care requires well-defined competencies, implementation of training and educational programs, sharing of data, and harmonized guidelines. In this position paper, the current knowledge to understand cancer predisposition and risk factors, the cellular biology of cancer, predictive markers and treatment outcome, the improvement in technologies in screening and diagnosis, and provision of better drug development solutions are discussed in the context of a better implementation of personalized medicine. Recognition of the major risk factors for cancer initiation is the key for preventive strategies (EPMA J. 4(1):6, 2013). Of interest, cancer predisposing syndromes in particular the monogenic subtypes that lead to cancer progression are well defined and one should focus on implementation strategies to identify individuals at risk to allow preventive measures and early screening/diagnosis. Implementation of such measures is disturbed by improper use of the data, with breach of data protection as one of the risks to be heavily controlled. Population screening requires in depth cost-benefit analysis to justify healthcare costs, and the parameters screened should provide information that allow an actionable and deliverable solution, for better healthcare provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Division of Translational and Clinical Research I, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, 410-769 Republic of Korea
| | - Rostyslav Bubnov
- Clinical Hospital 'Pheophania' of State Management of Affairs Department, Kyiv, Ukraine ; Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Suzanne Hagan
- Dept of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Dominic M Desiderio
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Center for Health Science, Memphis, USA
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Oxidative stress and its significant roles in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:193-217. [PMID: 25547488 PMCID: PMC4307243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in diverse pathophysiological conditions, including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative damage to biomolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA, contributes to these diseases. Previous studies suggest roles of lipid peroxidation and oxysterols in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation-related cancer. Our recent studies identifying and characterizing carbonylated proteins reveal oxidative damage to heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative disease models and inflammation-related cancer, suggesting dysfunction in their antioxidative properties. In neurodegenerative diseases, DNA damage may not only play a role in the induction of apoptosis, but also may inhibit cellular division via telomere shortening. Immunohistochemical analyses showed co-localization of oxidative/nitrative DNA lesions and stemness markers in the cells of inflammation-related cancers. Here, we review oxidative stress and its significant roles in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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Chen Y, Williams V, Filippova M, Filippov V, Duerksen-Hughes P. Viral carcinogenesis: factors inducing DNA damage and virus integration. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2155-86. [PMID: 25340830 PMCID: PMC4276961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the causative agents of 10%-15% of human cancers worldwide. The most common outcome for virus-induced reprogramming is genomic instability, including accumulation of mutations, aberrations and DNA damage. Although each virus has its own specific mechanism for promoting carcinogenesis, the majority of DNA oncogenic viruses encode oncogenes that transform infected cells, frequently by targeting p53 and pRB. In addition, integration of viral DNA into the human genome can also play an important role in promoting tumor development for several viruses, including HBV and HPV. Because viral integration requires the breakage of both the viral and the host DNA, the integration rate is believed to be linked to the levels of DNA damage. DNA damage can be caused by both endogenous and exogenous factors, including inflammation induced by either the virus itself or by co-infections with other agents, environmental agents and other factors. Typically, cancer develops years to decades following the initial infection. A better understanding of virus-mediated carcinogenesis, the networking of pathways involved in transformation and the relevant risk factors, particularly in those cases where tumorigenesis proceeds by way of virus integration, will help to suggest prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of virus-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Vonetta Williams
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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35
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Hiraku Y, Sakai K, Shibata E, Kamijima M, Hisanaga N, Ma N, Kawanishi S, Murata M. Formation of the nitrative DNA lesion 8-nitroguanine is associated with asbestos contents in human lung tissues: a pilot study. J Occup Health 2014; 56:186-96. [PMID: 24598051 DOI: 10.1539/joh.13-0231-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asbestos causes lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, and chronic inflammation is considered to participate in carcinogenesis. However, biomarkers to evaluate its carcinogenic risk have not been established. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species are generated in biological systems under inflammatory conditions and may contribute to carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage. In this study, we examined the relationship between the formation of 8-nitroguanine (8-nitroG), a mutagenic DNA lesion formed during inflammation, and asbestos contents in human lung tissues. METHODS We obtained non-tumor lung tissues from patients with (n=15) and without mesothelioma (n=21). The expression of 8-nitroG and related molecules was examined by immunohistochemistry, and their staining intensities were semiquantitatively evaluated. Asbestos contents in lung tissues were analyzed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In subjects without mesothelioma, staining intensities of 8-nitroG and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) were significantly correlated with total asbestos and amphibole contents (p<0.05), but not with chrysotile content. In mesothelioma patients, their staining intensities were not correlated with asbestos contents. The double immunofluorescence technique revealed that APE1 was expressed in 8-nitroG-positive cells, suggesting that abasic sites were formed possibly due to the removal of 8-nitroG. The staining intensities of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, an oxidative DNA lesion, and its repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase were correlated with age (p<0.05), but not with asbestos contents in subjects without mesothelioma. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that 8-nitroG formation is associated with asbestos contents in human lung tissues. This finding raises a possibility that 8-nitroG serves as a biomarker that can be used to evaluate asbestos exposure and carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
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36
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Lazarenko LM, Nikitina OE, Nikitin EV, Demchenko OM, Kovtonyuk GV, Ganova LO, Bubnov RV, Shevchuk VO, Nastradina NM, Bila VV, Spivak MY. Development of biomarker panel to predict, prevent and create treatments tailored to the persons with human papillomavirus-induced cervical precancerous lesions. EPMA J 2014; 5:1. [PMID: 24386936 PMCID: PMC3901026 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) induce many cancer conditions and cause cervical cancer, second in frequency of malignant disease in women. The aim was to develop biomarker panel for HPV-induced cervical precancerous diseases in patients infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Material and methods The study involved 71 women with cervical precancerous diseases (mean age 26 ± 5 years) revealed by colposcopic, cytomorphological, and ultrasound signs which were assessed according to the following: first group, 44 patients infected with HPV; second group, 27 HPV-negative patients; and third group, 30 healthy patients (controls). In cervical specimen, we identified HPV DNA of different oncogenic risk types by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (JSC SPC ‘DiaprofMed’) were used for detecting antibodies to HSV1 and/or HSV2 and for determining the avidity index. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IFN-α, TNF-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), were studied by ELISA. Results In HPV-induced cervix precancerous diseases, we identified low-avidity IgG antibodies to HSV serum of 20 patients; in the serum of 17 patients, we identified average-avidity antibodies, and high-avidity antibodies were found in 2 patients only. In 14 HPV-negative patients, we found low-avidity IgG antibodies to HSV; in 10 patients, medium avidity. Patients with low-avidity IgG antibodies to herpes virus showed high and medium oncogenic risk HPV types and a decrease of IFN-γ compared to patients with medium-avidity IgG antibodies. Production of IFN-γ was suppressed also in HPV-negative patients with cervical precancers, but we found low- and medium-avidity IgG antibodies to herpes virus. In patients with low-avidity antibodies, we observed increased level of IL-10. Level of IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-4 did not change in patients of all groups, but TGF-β1 increased. Conclusions In HPV-positive patients, those with low-avidity IgG antibodies to HSV had immunosuppression, confirmed by increased TGF-β1 and violation of IFN-γ production. Therefore, in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and IgG antibodies to HSV, their avidity is an important diagnostic biomarker of HPV-induced precancerous cervical diseases. Low-avidity IgG antibodies may be an indication for treatment with immunomodulators and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rostyslav V Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny str, 154, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine.
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Ohnishi S, Ma N, Thanan R, Pinlaor S, Hammam O, Murata M, Kawanishi S. DNA damage in inflammation-related carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:387014. [PMID: 24382987 PMCID: PMC3870134 DOI: 10.1155/2013/387014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors for carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells and result in oxidative and nitrative DNA damage, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. The DNA damage can cause mutations and has been implicated in the initiation and/or promotion of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis. It has been estimated that various infectious agents are carcinogenic to humans (IARC group 1), including parasites (Schistosoma haematobium (SH) and Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)), viruses (hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)), and bacterium Helicobacter pylori (HP). SH, OV, HCV, HPV, EBV, and HP are important risk factors for bladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancer, respectively. We demonstrated that 8-nitroguanine was strongly formed via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression at these cancer sites of patients. Moreover, 8-nitroguanine was formed in Oct3/4-positive stem cells in SH-associated bladder cancer tissues and in Oct3/4- and CD133-positive stem cells in OV-associated cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Therefore, it is considered that oxidative and nitrative DNA damage in stem cells may play a key role in inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 510-0293, Mie, Japan
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Olfat Hammam
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan
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Korde Choudhari S, Chaudhary M, Bagde S, Gadbail AR, Joshi V. Nitric oxide and cancer: a review. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:118. [PMID: 23718886 PMCID: PMC3669621 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), is a ubiquitous, water soluble, free radical gas, which plays key role in various physiological as well as pathological processes. Over past decades, NO has emerged as a molecule of interest in carcinogenesis and tumor growth progression. However, there is considerable controversy and confusion in understanding its role in cancer biology. It is said to have both tumoricidal as well as tumor promoting effects which depend on its timing, location, and concentration. NO has been suggested to modulate different cancer-related events including angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis. On the other hand, it is also emerging as a potential anti-oncogenic agent. Strategies for manipulating in vivo production and exogenous delivery of this molecule for therapeutic gain are being investigated. However, further validation and experimental/clinical trials are required for development of novel strategies based on NO for cancer treatment and prevention. This review discusses the range of actions of NO in cancer by performing an online MEDLINE search using relevant search terms and a review of the literature. Various mechanisms by which NO acts in different cancers such as breast, cervical, gastric,colorectal, and head and neck cancers are addressed. It also offers an insight into the dichotomous nature of NO and discusses its novel therapeutic applications for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Korde Choudhari
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Institutional Area, Sector 4, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410 210, India
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS, Sawangi(M), Wardha, Maharashatra, 442 004, India
| | - Sachin Bagde
- Department of Oral Surgery, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Institutional Area, Sector 4, Kharghar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410 210, India
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMS, Sawangi(M), Wardha, Maharashatra, 442 004, India
| | - Vaishali Joshi
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Institutional Area, Sector 4, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410 210, India
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Rahkola-Soisalo P, Mikkola TS, Vuorento S, Ylikorkala O, Väisänen-Tommiska M. Smoking is accompanied by a suppressed cervical nitric oxide release in women with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92:711-5. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Rahkola-Soisalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Tomi S. Mikkola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Saara Vuorento
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Olavi Ylikorkala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Mervi Väisänen-Tommiska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
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Rahkola-Soisalo P, Savolainen-Peltonen H, Väisänen-Tommiska M, Butzow R, Ylikorkala O, Mikkola TS. High-risk human papillomavirus-induced expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human uterine cervix. Ann Med 2013; 45:79-84. [PMID: 22420338 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2012.665472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levels of nitric oxide metabolites are elevated in the cervical fluid of women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). To elucidate the origin of this elevation we studied the cervical expression and localization of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS, iNOS) in women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of eNOS and iNOS was studied by Western blotting in the uterine cervixes of 86 women with (n = 41) and without (n = 45) hrHPV infection. The localization of eNOS and iNOS in cervical cells was studied by immunohistochemistry in 32 randomly selected women. RESULTS Expression of eNOS and iNOS (in mean [95% CI] density units relative to actin) was higher in women with hrHPV versus those without (eNOS: 33.8 [22.5-45.1] versus 20.2 [6.1-34.3], P = 0.007; iNOS: 12.0 [7.1-16.9]) versus 5.6 [2.0-9.2], P = 0.003). Smoking reduced 64% eNOS (P = 0.001) and 68% iNOS (P = 0.008) in women with hrHPV. Endothelial NOS was localized in the vascular endothelium, while iNOS was present in basal squamous epithelial cells. Low-grade histological lesions were accompanied by elevated expression of both eNOS and iNOS. CONCLUSIONS High-risk HPV-associated elevation in cervical fluid nitric oxide metabolites results from both eNOS and iNOS stimulation. However, smoking seems to suppress this stimulation in hrHPV-infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Rahkola-Soisalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Adefuye A, Sales K. Regulation of inflammatory pathways in cancer and infectious disease of the cervix. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:548150. [PMID: 24278714 PMCID: PMC3820442 DOI: 10.6064/2012/548150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading gynaecological malignancies worldwide. It is an infectious disease of the cervix, associated with human papillomavirus infection (HPV), infection with bacterial agents such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, it is an AIDS-defining disease with an accelerated mortality in HIV-infected women with cervical cancer. With the introduction of robust vaccination strategies against HPV in the developed world, it is anticipated that the incidence of cervical cancer will decrease in the coming years. However, vaccination has limited benefit for women already infected with high-risk HPV, and alternative therapeutic intervention strategies are needed for these women. Many pathological disorders, including cervical cancer, are characterised by the exacerbated activation and maintenance of inflammatory pathways which are considered to be regulated by infectious agents. In cervical cancer, hyperactivation of these inflammatory pathways and regulation of immune infiltrate into tissues can potentially play a role not only in tumorigenesis but also in HIV infection. In this paper we will discuss the contribution of inflammatory pathways to cervical cancer progression and HIV infection and the role of HIV in cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonio Adefuye
- MRC/UCT Research Group for Receptor Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Kurt Sales
- MRC/UCT Research Group for Receptor Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
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Boga JA, Coto-Montes A, Rosales-Corral SA, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Beneficial actions of melatonin in the management of viral infections: a new use for this "molecular handyman"? Rev Med Virol 2012; 22:323-38. [PMID: 22511571 PMCID: PMC7169144 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that has a variety of important functions. Numerous clinical trials have examined the therapeutic usefulness of melatonin in different fields of medicine. Clinical trials have shown that melatonin is efficient in preventing cell damage under acute (sepsis, asphyxia in newborns) and chronic states (metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, aging). The beneficial effects of melatonin can be explained by its properties as a potent antioxidant and antioxidant enzyme inducer, a regulator of apoptosis and a stimulator of immune functions. These effects support the use of melatonin in viral infections, which are often associated with inflammatory injury and increases in oxidative stress. In fact, melatonin has been used recently to treat several viral infections, which are summarized in this review. The role of melatonin in infections is also discussed herein. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Boga
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Guo F, Ma N, Horibe Y, Kawanishi S, Murata M, Hiraku Y. Nitrative DNA damage induced by multi-walled carbon nanotube via endocytosis in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 260:183-92. [PMID: 22373798 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) has a promising usage in the field of material science for industrial purposes because of its unique physicochemical property. However, intraperitoneal administration of CNT was reported to cause mesothelioma in experimental animals. Chronic inflammation may contribute to carcinogenesis induced by fibrous materials. 8-Nitroguanine is a mutagenic DNA lesion formed during inflammation and may play a role in CNT-induced carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined 8-nitroguanine formation in A549 human lung alveolar epithelial cells treated with multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) by fluorescent immunocytochemistry. Both MWCNTs with diameter of 20-30 nm (CNT20) and 40-70 nm (CNT40) significantly induced 8-nitroguanine formation at 5 and 10 μg/ml (p<0.05), which persisted for 24h, although there was no significant difference in DNA-damaging abilities of these MWCNTs. MWCNTs significantly induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) for 24 h (p<0.05). MWCNTs also significantly increased the level of nitrite, a hydrolysis product of oxidized NO, in the culture supernatant at 4 and 8 h (p<0.05). MWCNT-induced 8-nitroguanine formation and iNOS expression were largely suppressed by inhibitors of iNOS (1400 W), nuclear factor-κB (Bay11-7082), actin polymerization (cytochalasin D), caveolae-mediated endocytosis (methyl-β-cyclodextrin, MBCD) and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (monodansylcadaverine, MDC). Electron microscopy revealed that MWCNT was mainly located in vesicular structures in the cytoplasm, and its cellular internalization was reduced by MBCD and MDC. These results suggest that MWCNT is internalized into cells via clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, leading to inflammatory reactions including iNOS expression and resulting nitrative DNA damage, which may contribute to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiye Guo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Role of nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in inflammation-related carcinogenesis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:623019. [PMID: 22363173 PMCID: PMC3272848 DOI: 10.1155/2012/623019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by biological, chemical, and physical factors has been found to be associated with the increased risk of cancer in various organs. We revealed that infectious agents including liver fluke, Helicobacter pylori, and human papilloma virus and noninfectious agents such as asbestos fiber induced iNOS-dependent formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in cancer tissues and precancerous regions. Our results with the colocalization of phosphorylated ATM and γ-H2AX with 8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine in inflammation-related cancer tissues suggest that DNA base damage leads to double-stranded breaks. It is interesting from the aspect of genetic instability. We also demonstrated IL-6-modulated iNOS expression via STAT3 and EGFR in Epstein-Barr-virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and found promoter hypermethylation in several tumor suppressor genes. Such epigenetic alteration may occur by controlling the DNA methylation through IL-6-mediated JAK/STAT3 pathways. Collectively, 8-nitroguanine would be a useful biomarker for predicting the risk of inflammation-related cancers.
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Abstract
Oxidatively damaged DNA is implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases as well as aging. Several methods have been developed to detect oxidatively damaged DNA. They include chromatographic techniques, the Comet assay, (32)P-postlabelling and immunochemical methods that use antibodies to detect oxidized lesions. In this review, we discuss the detection of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), the most abundant oxidized nucleoside. This lesion is frequently used as a marker of exposure to oxidants, including environmental pollutants, as well as a potential marker of disease progression. We concentrate on studies published between the years 2000 and 2011 that used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry to detect 8-oxodG in humans, laboratory animals and in cell lines. Oxidative damage observed in these organisms resulted from disease, exposure to environmental pollutants or from in vitro treatment with various chemical and physical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rossner
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ren J, Wang Y, Gao Y, Mehta SBK, Lee CGL. FAT10 mediates the effect of TNF-α in inducing chromosomal instability. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3665-75. [PMID: 22025632 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays important roles in chronic inflammation-associated tumorigenesis but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Previously, we reported that high levels of FAT10 led to chromosomal instability that is mediated by an abbreviated mitotic phase. Here, we show that TNF-α induces FAT10 gene expression through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and activates the NF-κB pathway in HCT116 and SW620 cells. TNF-α treatment also leads to an abbreviated mitotic phase that can be reversed by inhibiting FAT10 expression. This abbreviated mitotic phase is correlated with a TNF-α-induced reduction in the kinetochore localization of MAD2 during prometaphase which, again, can be reversed by inhibiting FAT10 gene expression. There is greater variability of chromosome numbers in HCT116 and SW620 cells treated with TNF-α than in untreated cells, which can be reversed by the introduction of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against FAT10. The more stable chromosome numbers in HCT116 cells expressing FAT10 shRNA can revert to greater variability with the addition of a mutant FAT10 that is not recognized by the FAT10 shRNA. Upon TNF-α stimulation, higher cell death is observed when FAT10 expression is inhibited by shRNA. These data strongly suggest that FAT10 plays an important role in mediating the function of TNF-α during tumorigenesis by inducing cell cycle deregulation and chromosomal instability, and by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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RAHKOLA PÄIVI, VÄISÄNEN-TOMMISKA MERVI, HILTUNEN-BACK EIJA, AUVINEN EEVA, YLIKORKALA OLAVI, MIKKOLA TOMIS. Cervical nitric oxide release in Chlamydia trachomatis and high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011; 90:961-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee SF, Pervaiz S. Assessment of Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage by Immunoflourescent Analysis of 8-OxodG. Methods Cell Biol 2011; 103:99-113. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385493-3.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Korzeniewski N, Spardy N, Duensing A, Duensing S. Genomic instability and cancer: lessons learned from human papillomaviruses. Cancer Lett 2010; 305:113-22. [PMID: 21075512 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-risk HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins cooperate to subvert critical host cell cycle checkpoint control mechanisms in order to promote viral genome replication. This results not only in aberrant proliferation but also in host cellular changes that can promote genomic instability. The HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein was found to induce centrosome abnormalities thereby disrupting mitotic fidelity and increasing the risk for chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. In addition, expression of the high-risk HPV E7 oncoprotein stimulates DNA replication stress as a potential source of DNA breakage and structural chromosomal instability. Proliferation of genomically unstable cells is sustained by several mechanisms including the accelerated degradation of claspin by HPV-16 E7 and the degradation of p53 by the high-risk HPV E6 oncoprotein. These results highlight the oncogenic potential of aberrant proliferation and opens new avenues for prevention of malignant progression, not only in HPV-associated cervical cancer but also in non-virally associated malignancies with disrupted cell cycle checkpoint control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Korzeniewski
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Rahkola P, Väisänen-Tommiska M, Tuomikoski P, Ylikorkala O, Mikkola TS. Cervical nitric oxide release and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus in women. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:2933-7. [PMID: 21064030 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide may serve as one cofactor for human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced development of cervical cancer. Therefore, we first assessed the levels of cervical fluid nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) in 283 women with and without high-risk (hr) HPV. The NOx level in women with hr HPV (48.4 μmol/L [95% CI: 39.4-56.6], n = 199) was higher (p < 0.001) than that in women without hr HPV (24.6 μmol/L [95% CI: 19.1-38.7], n = 84). Second, we evaluated if cervical fluid NOx levels could predict the persistence of hr HPV. Therefore, we followed up 113 women with detectable hr HPV without any treatment for 12 mo and repeated hr HPV test. High-risk HPV persisted in 72 women (64%) and disappeared in 41 women (36%). The median basal levels of NOx were higher (p = 0.02) in women with persistent hr HPV (56.9 μmol/L [95% CI: 48.7-81.0]) compared to those with eradicated hr HPV (37.7 μmol/L [95% CI: 27.0-58.0]). The NOx level higher than the 75th percentile (>87.0 μmol/L) predicted hr HPV persistence (OR = 4.1 [95% CI: 1.3-13.1]). This cutoff level of NOx showed 33% sensitivity and 90% specificity in predicting the persistence of hr HPV, but it failed to predict cytological progression or regression in 12 mo. In conclusion, high cervical fluid NOx appears to be connected to the persistence of hr HPV, but the low predictive capacity of NOx prevents its clinical use at this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Rahkola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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