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Ito Y, Nakajima K, Masubuchi Y, Kikuchi S, Okano H, Saito F, Akahori Y, Jin M, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain-containing protein 4 (Ldlrad4) in the liver of rats treated with nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogen to induce transforming growth factor β signaling promoting cell proliferation and suppressing apoptosis in early hepatocarcinogenesis. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1467-1479. [PMID: 32596862 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We previously found downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain-containing protein 4 (LDLRAD4), a negative regulator of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling, in glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) expressing (+ ) pre-neoplastic lesions produced by treatment with nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens for up to 90 days in rats. Here, we investigated the relationship between LDLRAD4 downregulation and TGFβ signaling in nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis. The transcripts of Tgfb and Hb-egf increased after ≥28 days of treatment. After 84 or 90 days, Snai1 increased transcripts and the subpopulation of GST-P+ foci downregulating LDLRAD4 co-expressed TGFβ1, phosphorylated EGFR, or phosphorylated AKT2, and downregulated PTEN, showing higher incidences than those in GST-P+ foci expressing LDLRAD4. The subpopulation of GST-P+ foci downregulating LDLRAD4 also co-expressed caveolin-1 or TACE/ADAM17, suggesting that disruptive activation of TGFβ signaling through a loss of LDLRAD4 enhances EGFR and PTEN/AKT-dependent pathways via caveolin-1-dependent activation of TACE/ADAM17 during nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis. The numbers of c-MYC+ cells and PCNA+ cells were higher in LDLRAD4-downregulated GST-P+ foci than in LDLRAD4-expressing GST-P+ foci, suggesting a preferential proliferation of pre-neoplastic cells by LDLRAD4 downregulation. Nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens markedly downregulated Nox4 after 28 days and later decreased cleaved caspase 3+ cells in LDLRAD4-downregulated GST-P+ foci, suggesting an attenuation of apoptosis by LDLRAD4 downregulation through activation of the EGFR pathway. At the late hepatocarcinogenesis stage in a two-stage model, LDLRAD4 downregulation was higher in adenoma and carcinoma than in pre-neoplastic cell foci, suggesting a role of LDLRAD4 downregulation in tumor development. Our results suggest that nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens cause disruptive activation of TGFβ signaling through downregulating LDLRAD4 toward carcinogenesis in the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasunori Masubuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satomi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Saito
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yumi Akahori
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Science and Technology Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Ito Y, Nakajima K, Masubuchi Y, Kikuchi S, Saito F, Akahori Y, Jin M, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Expression Characteristics of Genes Hypermethylated and Downregulated in Rat Liver Specific to Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:122-136. [PMID: 30690589 PMCID: PMC6484883 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined hypermethylated and downregulated genes specific to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by Methyl-Seq analysis combined with expression microarray analysis in the liver of rats treated with CCl4 or N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) for 28 days, by excluding those with DEN. Among 52 genes, Ldlrad4, Proc, Cdh17, and Nfia were confirmed to show promoter-region hypermethylation by methylation-specific quantitative PCR analysis on day 28. The transcript levels of these 4 genes decreased by real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis in the livers of rats treated with nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens for up to 90 days compared with untreated controls and genotoxic hepatocarcinogens. Immunohistochemically, LDLRAD4 and PROC showed decreased immunoreactivity, forming negative foci, in glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)+ foci, and incidences of LDLRAD4− and PROC− foci in GST-P+ foci induced by treatment with nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens for 84 or 90 days were increased compared with those with genotoxic hepatocarcinogens. In contrast, CDH17 and NFIA responded to hepatocarcinogens without any relation to the genotoxic potential of carcinogens. All 4 genes did not respond to renal carcinogens after treatment for 28 days. Considering that Ldlrad4 is a negative regulator of transforming growth factor-β signaling, Proc participating in p21WAF1/CIP1 upregulation by activation, Cdh17 inducing cell cycle arrest by gene knockdown, and Nfia playing a role in a tumor-suppressor, all these genes may be potential in vivo epigenetic markers of nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens from the early stages of treatment in terms of gene expression changes. LDLRAD4 and PROC may have a role in the development of preneoplastic lesions produced by nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasunori Masubuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satomi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Saito
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Akahori
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Science and Technology Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Ito Y, Nakajima K, Masubuchi Y, Kikuchi S, Saito F, Akahori Y, Jin M, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Differential responses on energy metabolic pathway reprogramming between genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens in rat liver cells. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:261-274. [PMID: 31719753 PMCID: PMC6831489 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify difference in the responses on the reprogramming of metabolism toward carcinogenesis between genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens in the liver, rats were repeatedly administered genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (N-nitrosodiethylamine, aflatoxin B1, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, or carbadox) or non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, or methapyrilene hydrochloride) for 28, 84, or 90 days. Non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens revealed transcript expression changes suggestive of suppressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) after 28 days and increased glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive (GST-P+) foci downregulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor (ATPB), compared with genotoxic hepatocarcinogens after 84 or 90 days, suggesting that non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens are prone to suppress OXPHOS from the early stage of treatment, which is in contrast to genotoxic hepatocarcinogens. Both genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens upregulated glycolytic enzyme genes and increased cellular membrane solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (GLUT1) expression in GST-P+ foci for up to 90 days, suggesting induction of a metabolic shift from OXPHOS to glycolysis at early hepatocarcinogenesis by hepatocarcinogens unrelated to genotoxic potential. Non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens increased c-MYC+ cells after 28 days and downregulated Tp53 after 84 or 90 days, suggesting a commitment to enhanced metabolic shift and cell proliferation. Genotoxic hepatocarcinogens also enhanced c-MYC activation-related metabolic shift until 84 or 90 days. In addition, both genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens upregulated glutaminolysis-related Slc1a5 or Gls, or both, after 28 days and induced liver cell foci immunoreactive for neutral amino acid transporter B(0) (SLC1A5) in the subpopulation of GST-P+ foci after 84 or 90 days, suggesting glutaminolysis-mediated facilitation of cell proliferation toward hepatocarcinogenesis. These results suggest differential responses between genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens on reprogramming of energy metabolic pathways toward carcinogenesis in liver cells from the early stage of hepatocarcinogen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasunori Masubuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satomi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Saito
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 1-4-25 Kouraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0004, Japan
| | - Yumi Akahori
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 1-4-25 Kouraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0004, Japan
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Science and Technology Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Mizukami S, Watanabe Y, Saegusa Y, Nakajima K, Ito Y, Masubuchi Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Downregulation of UBE2E2 in rat liver cells after hepatocarcinogen treatment facilitates cell proliferation and slowing down of DNA damage response in GST-P-expressing preneoplastic lesions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:207-216. [PMID: 28899750 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously found downregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 2 (UBE2E2) in GST-P-positive (+) proliferative lesions produced by tumor promotion from early hepatocarcinogenesis stages in rats. Here we investigated the role of UBE2E2 downregulation in preneoplastic lesions of the liver and other target organs produced by tumor promotion in rats. Increased number of UBE2E2-related ubiquitination target proteins, phosphorylated c-MYC, KDM4A and KMT5A, was found in the UBE2E2-downregulated GST-P+ foci, compared with GST-P+ foci expressing UBE2E2. However, p21WAF1/CIP1, another UBE2E2 target protein, did not increase in the positive cells. Furthermore, the numbers of PCNA+ cells and γH2AX+ cells were increased in UBE2E2-downregulated foci. These results suggest sustained activation of c-MYC and stabilization of KMT5A to result in c-MYC-mediated transcript upregulation and following KMT5A-mediated protein stabilization of PCNA in GST-P+ foci, as well as KDM4A stabilization resulting in slowing down of DNA damage response in these lesions. Similar results were also observed in GST-P+ foci produced by repeated treatment of rats with a hepatocarcinogen, thioacetamide, for 90days. Hepatocarcinogen treatment for 28 or 90days also increased the numbers of liver cells expressing UBE2E2-related ubiquitination target proteins, as well as PCNA+ or γH2AX+ cells. Conversely, UBE2E2 downregulation was lacking in PPARα agonist-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, as well as in carcinogenic processes targeting other organs, suggestive of the loss of UBE2E2-related ubiquitination limited to hepatocarcinogenesis producing GST-P+ proliferative lesions. Our results suggest that repeated hepatocarcinogen treatment of rats causes stabilization of UBE2E2-related ubiquitination target proteins in liver cells to promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Mizukami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yousuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yukie Saegusa
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, OECD, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris, Cedex 16, France.
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yuko Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Masubuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Mizukami S, Watanabe Y, Nakajima K, Hasegawa-Baba Y, Jin M, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Downregulation of TMEM70 in Rat Liver Cells After Hepatocarcinogen Treatment Related to the Warburg Effect in Hepatocarcinogenesis Producing GST-P-Expressing Proliferative Lesions. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:211-223. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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6
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Identification of epigenetically downregulated Tmem70 and Ube2e2 in rat liver after 28-day treatment with hepatocarcinogenic thioacetamide showing gene product downregulation in hepatocellular preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions produced by tumor promotion. Toxicol Lett 2017; 266:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abe H, Ogawa T, Wang L, Kimura M, Tanaka T, Morita R, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Promoter-region hypermethylation and expression downregulation of Yy1 (Yin yang 1) in preneoplastic liver lesions in a thioacetamide rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:467-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tumor suppression effects of bilberry extracts and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in early preneoplastic liver cell lesions induced by piperonyl butoxide promotion in a two-stage rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:225-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Involvement of multiple cell cycle aberrations in early preneoplastic liver cell lesions by tumor promotion with thioacetamide in a two-stage rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:979-88. [PMID: 23474136 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) induces oxidative stress and hepatocarcinogenicity in rats. We previously reported that TAA promotion caused various disruptions in cell cycle protein expression in rats, including downregulation of p16(Ink4a), which is associated with intraexonic hypermethylation in hepatocellular proliferative lesions. This study further investigated the contribution of cell cycle aberrations associated with early hepatocarcinogenic processes induced by TAA using antioxidants, enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) and α-lipoic acid (ALA), in a two-stage rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. TAA-promotion after initiation with N-diethylnitrosamine increased the number and area of hepatocellular foci immunoreactive for glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) and the numbers of proliferating and apoptotic cells. Co-treatment with EMIQ and ALA suppressed these increases. TAA-induced formation of p16(Ink4a-) foci in concordance with GST-P(+) foci was not suppressed by co-treatment with EMIQ or ALA. TAA-promotion increased cellular distributions of cell proliferation marker Ki-67, G2/M and spindle checkpoint proteins (phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1 and Mad2), the DNA damage-related protein phosphorylated histone H2AX, and G2-M phase-related proteins (topoisomerase IIα, phosphorylated histone H3 and Cdc2) within GST-P(+) foci, and co-treatment with EMIQ or ALA suppressed these increases. These results suggest that downregulation of p16(Ink4a) may allow selective proliferation of preneoplastic cells by TAA promotion. However, antioxidants did not counteract this gene control. Moreover, effective suppression of TAA-induced cellular population changes within preneoplastic lesions by antioxidants may reflect facilitation of cell cycling and accumulation of DNA damage causing the activation of cell cycle checkpoints, leading to G2 and M phase arrest at the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by TAA.
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Yamamoto R, Shimamoto K, Ishii Y, Kimura M, Fujii Y, Morita R, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Involvement of PTEN/Akt signaling and oxidative stress on indole-3-carbinol (I3C)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:845-52. [PMID: 23290887 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that indole-3-carbinol (I3C) had hepatocellular tumor-promoting activity in a short-term (8 weeks) two-stage liver carcinogenesis model in rats. It was suggested that this effect was related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) induction. In the present study, 0.5% I3C was administered to DEN-initiated rats for 26 weeks to examine the effect of prolonged administration of I3C and to clarify the possible mechanisms of I3C-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The number and area of GST-P positive foci, ROS production, TBARS level, 8-OHdG content and mRNA levels of Ahr and Nrf2 gene batteries significantly increased in the DEN-I3C group compared with the DEN-alone group. Furthermore, some GST-P positive preneoplastic foci progressed to hepatocellular adenomas with the prolongation of I3C administration. Lack of PTEN and phospho-Smad2/3 expression and translocations of PDPK1 and phospho-Akt substrates to underneath the cell membrane were observed in the majority of hepatocellular adenomas. In addition, the number of Ki-67 positive cells increased in adenomas compared with the preneoplastic foci. These results suggest that the administration of I3C for 26 weeks in DEN-initiated rats induces tumor progression from hepatocellular altered foci to hepatocellular adenomas by ROS-mediated Akt activation that inhibits the TGF-β/Smad signaling and results in the increased cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Tsuchiya T, Wang L, Yafune A, Kimura M, Ohishi T, Suzuki K, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M. Disruptive cell cycle regulation involving epigenetic downregulation of Cdkn2a (p16Ink4a) in early-stage liver tumor-promotion facilitating liver cell regeneration in rats. Toxicology 2012; 299:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Lee NY, Golzio C, Gatza CE, Sharma A, Katsanis N, Blobe GC. Endoglin regulates PI3-kinase/Akt trafficking and signaling to alter endothelial capillary stability during angiogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2412-23. [PMID: 22593212 PMCID: PMC3386206 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-12-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (CD105) is an endothelial-specific transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) coreceptor essential for angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. Although endoglin dysfunction contributes to numerous vascular conditions, the mechanism of endoglin action remains poorly understood. Here we report a novel mechanism in which endoglin and Gα-interacting protein C-terminus-interacting protein (GIPC)-mediated trafficking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) regulates endothelial signaling and function. We demonstrate that endoglin interacts with the PI3K subunits p110α and p85 via GIPC to recruit and activate PI3K and Akt at the cell membrane. Opposing ligand-induced effects are observed in which TGF-β1 attenuates, whereas bone morphogenetic protein-9 enhances, endoglin/GIPC-mediated membrane scaffolding of PI3K and Akt to alter endothelial capillary tube stability in vitro. Moreover, we employ the first transgenic zebrafish model for endoglin to demonstrate that GIPC is a critical component of endoglin function during developmental angiogenesis in vivo. These studies define a novel non-Smad function for endoglin and GIPC in regulating endothelial cell function during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Y Lee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs, potent negative modulators of gene expression, are involved in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes, including cell differentiation, metabolic regulation, signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Aberrant levels of miRNAs have been documented in all major human cancers, leading to the suggestion that deregulation of miRNA expression might be significant in tumorigenesis. This review presents the current evidence that demonstrates the involvement of miRNA deregulation in the early stages of lung, liver and breast carcinogenesis induced by chemical carcinogens, suggesting their major role as contributors to the pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Shimamoto K, Dewa Y, Ishii Y, Kemmochi S, Taniai E, Hayashi H, Imaoka M, Morita R, Kuwata K, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Indole-3-carbinol enhances oxidative stress responses resulting in the induction of preneoplastic liver cell lesions in partially hepatectomized rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine. Toxicology 2011; 283:109-17. [PMID: 21396975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver tumor-promoting effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A inducer found in cruciferous vegetables, were investigated using a medium-term hepatocarcinogenesis model in rats. Six-week-old male F344 rats received an intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and were fed a diet containing 0 (DEN-alone), 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0% of I3C for 8 weeks from 2 weeks after DEN-initiation. The number and area of liver cell foci positive for glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) significantly increased in the livers of rats given 0.5% I3C or more, compared to those in the DEN-alone group. The number of GST-P positive foci also increased in the 0.25% I3C group. The number of liver cells positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) significantly increased in all I3C groups compared to that in the DEN-alone group. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that I3C increased transcript levels of not only Cyp1a1 but also aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and/or nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) gene batteries, such as Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, Ugt1a6, Nrf2, Nqo1, Gsta5, Gstm2, Ggt1and Gpx2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microsomal fraction significantly increased in all I3C-treated groups compared to the DEN-alone group, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content significantly increased in all of the I3C-treated groups and 1.0% I3C group, respectively. These results suggest that I3C is an AhR activator and enhances microsomal ROS production resulting in the upregulation of Nrf2 gene batteries, but the oxidative stress generated overcomes the antioxidant effect of Nrf2-related genes. Such 'a redox imbalance' subsequently induces liver tumor-promoting effects by enhancing cellular proliferation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Disruption of Smad-dependent signaling for growth of GST-P-positive lesions from the early stage in a rat two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 246:128-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kawai M, Saegusa Y, Dewa Y, Nishimura J, Kemmochi S, Harada T, Ishii Y, Umemura T, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Elevation of cell proliferation via generation of reactive oxygen species by piperonyl butoxide contributes to its liver tumor-promoting effects in mice. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:155-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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