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Yang Y, Xie Y, Zhang F. Second near-infrared window fluorescence nanoprobes for deep-tissue in vivo multiplexed bioimaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 193:114697. [PMID: 36641080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In vivo multiplexed bioimaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), owing to its superiorities of simultaneous multi-channel (multicolor) observations for multiple intrinsic biomarkers, high sensitivity, deeper penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution, and high throughput, has been a growing technology in fundamental medical diagnosis and clinical applications. Among several NIR-II nanoprobes for multiplexed bioimaging, the inorganic nanoprobes based on quantum dots (QDs) and lanthanide downconversion nanoparticles (DCNPs), as well as organic fluorophores based on donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) chromophores, polymethine dyes, and lanthanide complexes are extensively suitable for intravital imaging and diagnosis of disease, exhibiting excellent accomplishments. Here, we summarize recent advances in NIR-II-emitted nanoprobes for intravital multiplexed bioimaging. Furthermore, the current challenges and potential opportunities in designing novel long-wavelength nanoprobes for deep-tissue intravital multiplexed bioimaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 China; College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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2
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Dong Y, Lu X, Li Y, Chen W, Yin L, Zhao J, Hu X, Li X, Lei Z, Wu Y, Chen H, Luo X, Qian X, Yang Y. Spectral and biodistributional engineering of deep near-infrared chromophore. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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de Jong JM, Hoogendam JP, Braat AJAT, Zweemer RP, Gerestein CG. The feasibility of folate receptor alpha- and HER2-targeted intraoperative fluorescence-guided cytoreductive surgery in women with epithelial ovarian cancer: A systematic review. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:517-525. [PMID: 34053747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is often diagnosed late, with a 5-year relative survival of 30.2% for patients with metastatic disease. Residual disease following cytoreductive surgery is an important predictor for poor survival. EOC is characterized by diffuse peritoneal metastases and depositions of small size, challenging a complete resection. Targeted fluorescence imaging is a technique to enhance tumor visualization and can be performed intraoperatively. Folate receptor alpha (FRα) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are overexpressed in EOC in 80% and 20% of the cases, respectively, and have been previously studied as a target for intraoperative imaging. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature on the feasibility of FRα and HER2 targeted fluorescence-guided cytoreductive surgery (FGCS) in women with EOC. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for human and animal studies on FGCS targeting either HER2 or FRα in either women with EOC or animal models of EOC. Risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed with the SYRCLE and MINORS tool, respectively. RESULTS All animal studies targeting either FRα or HER2 were able to detect tumor deposits using intraoperative fluorescence imaging. One animal study targeting HER2 compared conventional cytoreductive surgery (CCS) to FGCS and concluded that FGCS, either without or following CCS, resulted in statistically significant less residual disease compared to CCS alone. Human studies on FGCS showed an increased detection rate of tumor deposits. True positives ranged between 75%-77% and false positives between 10%-25%. Lymph nodes were the main source of false positive results. Sensitivity was 85.9%, though only reported by one human study. CONCLUSION FGCS targeting either HER2 or FRα appears to be feasible in both EOC animal models and patients with EOC. FGCS is a promising technique, but further research is warranted to validate these results and particularly study the survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M de Jong
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J P Hoogendam
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A J A T Braat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R P Zweemer
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C G Gerestein
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Ziffert I, Kaiser A, Hoppenz P, Mörl K, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Shuttling of Peptide-Drug Conjugates by G Protein-Coupled Receptors Is Significantly Improved by Pulsed Application. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:164-178. [PMID: 32700391 PMCID: PMC7818256 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be used to shuttle peptide-drug conjugates into cells. But, for efficient therapy, a high concentration of cargo needs to be delivered. To explore this, we studied the pharmacologically interesting neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1 R) in one recombinant and three oncogenic cell systems that endogenously express the receptor. We demonstrate that recycled receptors behave identically to newly synthesized receptors with respect to ligand binding and internalization pathways. Depending on the cell system, biosynthesis, recycling efficiency, and peptide uptake differ partially, but shuttling was efficient in all systems. However, by comparing continuous application of the ligand for four hours to four cycles of internalization and recycling in between, a significantly higher amount of peptide uptake was achieved in the pulsed application (150-250 % to 300-400 %). Accordingly, in this well-suited drug shuttle system pulsed application is superior under all investigated conditions and should be considered for innovative, targeted drug delivery in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ziffert
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Paul Hoppenz
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Karin Mörl
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Annette G. Beck‐Sickinger
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
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5
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Kantamneni H, Barkund S, Donzanti M, Martin D, Zhao X, He S, Riman RE, Tan MC, Pierce MC, Roth CM, Ganapathy V, Moghe PV. Shortwave infrared emitting multicolored nanoprobes for biomarker-specific cancer imaging in vivo. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1082. [PMID: 33172421 PMCID: PMC7654009 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to detect tumor-specific biomarkers in real-time using optical imaging plays a critical role in preclinical studies aimed at evaluating drug safety and treatment response. In this study, we engineered an imaging platform capable of targeting different tumor biomarkers using a multi-colored library of nanoprobes. These probes contain rare-earth elements that emit light in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region (900-1700 nm), which exhibits reduced absorption and scattering compared to visible and NIR, and are rendered biocompatible by encapsulation in human serum albumin. The spectrally distinct emissions of the holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), and thulium (Tm) cations that constitute the cores of these nanoprobes make them attractive candidates for optical molecular imaging of multiple disease biomarkers. METHODS SWIR-emitting rare-earth-doped albumin nanocomposites (ReANCs) were synthesized using controlled coacervation, with visible light-emitting fluorophores additionally incorporated during the crosslinking phase for validation purposes. Specifically, HoANCs, ErANCs, and TmANCs were co-labeled with rhodamine-B, FITC, and Alexa Fluor 647 dyes respectively. These Rh-HoANCs, FITC-ErANCs, and 647-TmANCs were further conjugated with the targeting ligands daidzein, AMD3100, and folic acid respectively. Binding specificities of each nanoprobe to distinct cellular subsets were established by in vitro uptake studies. Quantitative whole-body SWIR imaging of subcutaneous tumor bearing mice was used to validate the in vivo targeting ability of these nanoprobes. RESULTS Each of the three ligand-functionalized nanoprobes showed significantly higher uptake in the targeted cell line compared to untargeted probes. Increased accumulation of tumor-specific nanoprobes was also measured relative to untargeted probes in subcutaneous tumor models of breast (4175 and MCF-7) and ovarian cancer (SKOV3). Preferential accumulation of tumor-specific nanoprobes was also observed in tumors overexpressing targeted biomarkers in mice bearing molecularly-distinct bilateral subcutaneous tumors, as evidenced by significantly higher signal intensities on SWIR imaging. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study show that tumors can be detected in vivo using a set of targeted multispectral SWIR-emitting nanoprobes. Significantly, these nanoprobes enabled imaging of biomarkers in mice bearing bilateral tumors with distinct molecular phenotypes. The findings from this study provide a foundation for optical molecular imaging of heterogeneous tumors and for studying the response of these complex lesions to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Kantamneni
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shravani Barkund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael Donzanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Shuqing He
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Richard E Riman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mei Chee Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Mark C Pierce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Charles M Roth
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Vidya Ganapathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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He K, Zeng S, Qian L. Recent progress in the molecular imaging of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:397-413. [PMID: 33133724 PMCID: PMC7591813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have become one of the central components of the healthcare system and continuous efforts are made to bring innovative antibody therapeutics to patients in need. It is equally critical to acquire sufficient knowledge of their molecular structure and biological functions to ensure the efficacy and safety by incorporating new detection approaches since new challenges like individual differences and resistance are presented. Conventional techniques for determining antibody disposition including plasma drug concentration measurements using LC-MS or ELISA, and tissue distribution using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence are now complemented with molecular imaging modalities like positron emission tomography and near-infrared fluorescence imaging to obtain more dynamic information, while methods for characterization of antibody's interaction with the target antigen as well as visualization of its cellular and intercellular behavior are still under development. Recent progress in detecting therapeutic antibodies, in particular, the development of methods suitable for illustrating the molecular dynamics, is described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng He
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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van Beurden F, van Willigen DM, Vojnovic B, van Oosterom MN, Brouwer OR, van der Poel HG, Kobayashi H, van Leeuwen FW, Buckle T. Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence in Image-Guided Surgery, Clinical Feasibility and Future Perspectives. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120962333. [PMID: 33125289 PMCID: PMC7607779 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120962333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of fluorescence-guided surgery, it has become evident that different types of fluorescence signals can provide value in the surgical setting. Hereby a different range of targets have been pursued in a great variety of surgical indications. One of the future challenges lies in combining complementary fluorescent readouts during one and the same surgical procedure, so-called multi-wavelength fluorescence guidance. In this review we summarize the current clinical state-of-the-art in multi-wavelength fluorescence guidance, basic technical concepts, possible future extensions of existing clinical indications and impact that the technology can bring to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian van Beurden
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar R. Brouwer
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G. van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Dynamic fluorescent imaging with the activatable probe, γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green in the detection of peritoneal cancer metastases: Overcoming the problem of dilution when using a sprayable optical probe. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51124-51137. [PMID: 27286461 PMCID: PMC5239463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical fluorescence-guided imaging is increasingly used to guide surgery and endoscopic procedures. Activatable probes are particularly useful because of high target-to-background ratios that increase sensitivity for tiny cancer foci. However, green fluorescent activatable probes suffer from interference from autofluorescence found in biological tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine if dynamic imaging can be used to differentiate specific fluorescence arising from an activated probe in a tumor from autofluorescence in background tissues especially when low concentrations of the dye are applied. Serial fluorescence imaging was performed using various concentrations of γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) which was sprayed on the peritoneal surface with tiny implants of SHIN3-DsRed ovarian cancer tumors. Temporal differences in signal between specific green fluorescence in cancer foci and non-specific autofluorescence in background tissue were measured at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after application of gGlu-HMRG and were processed into three kinetic maps reflecting maximum fluorescence signal (MF), wash-in rate (WIR), and area under the curve (AUC), respectively. Using concentrations up to 10 μM of gGlu-HMRG, the fluorescence intensity of cancer foci was significantly higher than that of small intestine but only at 30 min. However, on kinetic maps derived from dynamic fluorescence imaging, the signal of cancer foci was significantly higher than that of small intestine after only 5 min even at concentrations as low as 2.5 μM of gGlu-HMRG (p < 0.01). At lower concentrations, kinetic maps derived from dynamic fluorescence imaging were superior to unprocessed images for cancer detection.
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9
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Zhang KY, Yu Q, Wei H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1770-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for
Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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10
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A dual-channel endoscope for quantitative imaging, monitoring, and triggering of doxorubicin release from liposomes in living mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15578. [PMID: 29138489 PMCID: PMC5686102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is approved for use in liposomal form for the treatment of ovarian cancer. We previously developed a long-circulating Dox formulation in liposomes containing small amounts of porphyrin-phospholipid, which enables on-demand drug release with near-infrared irradiation. In this study, we present and evaluate a dual-modal, dual-channel light endoscope that allows quantitative reflectance and fluorescence imaging for monitoring of local Dox concentrations in target areas. The endoscope consists of two flexible imaging fibers; one to transmit diagnostic and therapeutic light to the target, and the other to detect fluorescent and reflected light. Thus, the endoscope serves for imaging, for light delivery to trigger drug release, and for monitoring drug concentration kinetics during drug release. We characterized the performance of this endoscope in tissue phantoms and in an in vivo model of ovarian cancer. This study demonstrates the feasibility of non-invasive, quantitative mapping of Dox distribution in vivo via endoscopic imaging.
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Characteristics of ovarian cancer detection by a near-infrared fluorescent probe activated by human NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase isozyme 1 (hNQO1). Oncotarget 2017; 8:61181-61192. [PMID: 28977855 PMCID: PMC5617415 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are ideal for in vivo imaging, because they offer deeper tissue penetration by the light and lower background autofluorescence than fluorophores that emit in the visible range. Q3STCy is a newly synthesized, NIR light-emitting probe that is activated by an enzyme commonly overexpressed in tumor cells, human nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate): quinone oxidoreductase isozyme 1, known as hNQO1 or DT-diaphorase. The purpose of this study is to compare the sensitivity of detecting peritoneal ovarian cancer metastasis (POCM) with Q3STCy and gGlu-HMRG, a green fluorescent probe, upon their surface application. In vitro uptake of Q3STCy was significantly higher than that of gGlu-HMRG. Using a red fluorescence protein (RFP)-labeled in vivo tumor model of POCM, the Q3STCy probe provided high sensitivity (96.9%) but modest specificity (61.0%), most likely the result of albumin-probe interactions and non-specific activation in nearby altered but healthy cells. Three types of kinetic maps based on maximum fluorescence signal (MF), wash-in rate (WIR), and area under the curve (AUC) allowed for differentiation of the activated fluorescence signal associated with POCM from the background signal of the small intestine, thereby significantly improving the specificity of Q3STCy to 80%, 100%, and 100% for MF, WIR, and AUC, as well yielding a moderate improvement in sensitivity (100% for all approaches) that is comparable to that with gGlu-HMRG, but with the added advantages of NIR fluorescence as the transduction modality. Such a new methodology has the potential to afford identification of cancerous lesions deeper within tissue.
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12
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Molecular imaging of biological systems with a clickable dye in the broad 800- to 1,700-nm near-infrared window. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:962-967. [PMID: 28096386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617990114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging multiplicity of biological systems is an area of intense focus, currently limited to fluorescence channels in the visible and first near-infrared (NIR-I; ∼700-900 nm) spectral regions. The development of conjugatable fluorophores with longer wavelength emission is highly desired to afford more targeting channels, reduce background autofluorescence, and achieve deeper tissue imaging depths. We have developed NIR-II (1,000-1,700 nm) molecular imaging agents with a bright NIR-II fluorophore through high-efficiency click chemistry to specific molecular antibodies. Relying on buoyant density differences during density gradient ultracentrifugation separations, highly pure NIR-II fluorophore-antibody conjugates emitting ∼1,100 nm were obtained for use as molecular-specific NIR-II probes. This facilitated 3D staining of ∼170-μm histological brain tissues sections on a home-built confocal microscope, demonstrating multicolor molecular imaging across both the NIR-I and NIR-II windows (800-1,700 nm).
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Blau R, Krivitsky A, Epshtein Y, Satchi-Fainaro R. Are nanotheranostics and nanodiagnostics-guided drug delivery stepping stones towards precision medicine? Drug Resist Updat 2016; 27:39-58. [PMID: 27449597 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The progress in medical research has led to the understanding that cancer is a large group of heterogeneous diseases, with high variability between and within individuals. This variability sprouted the ambitious goal to improve therapeutic outcomes, while minimizing drug adverse effects through stratification of patients by the differences in their disease markers, in a personalized manner, as opposed to the strategy of "one therapy fits all". Nanotheranostics, composed of nanoparticles (NPs) carrying therapeutic and/or diagnostics probes, have the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine. There are different modalities to combine these two distinct fields into one system for a synergistic outcome. The addition of a nanocarrier to a theranostic system holds great promise. Nanocarriers possess high surface area, enabling sophisticated functionalization with imaging agents, thus gaining enhanced diagnostic ability in real-time. Yet, most of the FDA-approved theranostic approaches are based on small molecules. The theranostic approaches that are reviewed herein are paving the road towards personalized medicine through all stages of patient care: starting from screening and diagnostics, proceeding to treatment and ending with treatment follow-up. Our current review provides a broad background and highlights new insights for the rational design of theranostic nanosystems for desired therapeutic niches, while summoning the hurdles on their way to become first-line diagnostics and therapeutics for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adva Krivitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yana Epshtein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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14
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Fluorescence optical imaging in anticancer drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 226:168-81. [PMID: 26892751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past several decades, nanosized drug delivery systems with various targeting functions and controlled drug release capabilities inside targeted tissues or cells have been intensively studied. Understanding their pharmacokinetic properties is crucial for the successful transition of this research into clinical practice. Among others, fluorescence imaging has become one of the most commonly used imaging tools in pre-clinical research. The development of increasing numbers of suitable fluorescent dyes excitable in the visible to near-infrared wavelengths of the spectrum has significantly expanded the applicability of fluorescence imaging. This paper focuses on the potential applications and limitations of non-invasive imaging techniques in the field of drug delivery, especially in anticancer therapy. Fluorescent imaging at both the cellular and systemic levels is discussed in detail. Additionally, we explore the possibility for simultaneous treatment and imaging using theranostics and combinations of different imaging techniques, e.g., fluorescence imaging with computed tomography.
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15
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Iwatate RJ, Kamiya M, Urano Y. Asymmetric Rhodamine‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Multicolour In Vivo Imaging. Chemistry 2016; 22:1696-703. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu J. Iwatate
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan), Fax: (+81) 3-5841-3563
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan), Fax: (+81) 3-5841-3563
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan), Fax: (+81) 3-5841-3563
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
- CREST Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 1-7-1 Otemachi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan
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16
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Yan F, Wu H, Liu H, Deng Z, Liu H, Duan W, Liu X, Zheng H. Molecular imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic therapy against tumor by iRGD-modified indocyanine green nanoparticles. J Control Release 2015; 224:217-228. [PMID: 26739551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) nanoparticles demonstrate great potential in tumor theranostic applications. To achieve the sensitive detection and effective phototherapy in the early stage of tumor genesis, it is highly desirable to improve the targeting of NIR theranostic agents to biomarkers and to enhance their accumulation in tumor. Here we report a novel targeted multifunctional theranostic nanoparticle, internalized RGD (iRGD)-modified indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes (iRGD-ICG-LPs), for molecular imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) therapy against breast tumor. The iRGD peptides with high affinity to αvβ3 integrin and effective tumor-internalized property were firstly used to synthesize iRGD-PEG2000-DSPE lipopeptides, which were further utilized to fabricate the targeted ICG liposomes. The results indicated that iRGD-ICG-LPs exhibited excellent stability and could provide an accurate and sensitive detection of breast tumor through NIR fluorescence molecular imaging. We further employed this nanoparticle for tumor theranostic application, demonstrating significantly higher tumor accumulation and tumor inhibition efficacy through PTT/PDT effects. Histological analysis further revealed much more apoptotic cells, confirming the advantageous anti-tumor effect of iRGD-ICG-LPs over non-targeted ICG-LPs. Notably, the targeting therapy mediated by iRGD provides almost equivalent anti-tumor efficacy at a 12.5-fold lower drug dose than that by monoclonal antibody, and no tumor recurrence and obvious treatment-induced toxicity were observed in our study. Our study provides a promising strategy to realize the sensitive detection and effective treatment of tumors by integrating molecular imaging into PTT/PDT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510630, China; Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Zhiting Deng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Liu
- The Department of Echocardiography, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wanlu Duan
- Ultrasound Department, Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou Command, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510630, China; Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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17
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Wang H, Hong X, Han R, Shi J, Liu Z, Liu S, Wang Y, Gan Y. Triple-doped KMnF3:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ nanocubes: four-color upconversion emissions with strong red and near-infrared bands. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17088. [PMID: 26608870 PMCID: PMC4660594 DOI: 10.1038/srep17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-doped (Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+) KMnF3 nanocubes with uniform sizes of 250 nm were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route using the oleic acid as the capping agent. It was found that these nanocubes can simultaneously exhibited four-color (blue, green, red and NIR) upconversion emissions under a single 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser excitation, which should have potential multicolor in vivo imaging applications. Specifically, the red (660 nm) and NIR (800 nm) peaks, known as two “optical windows” for imaging biological tissues, were strong. The spectral and pump analyses indicated the two-photon processes were responsible for the both red and NIR emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin city 123000. P. R. China
| | - Renlu Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China
| | - Junhui Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001. P. R. China
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18
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Kress J, Rohrbach DJ, Carter KA, Luo D, Shao S, Lele S, Lovell JF, Sunar U. Quantitative imaging of light-triggered doxorubicin release. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3546-55. [PMID: 26417522 PMCID: PMC4574678 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy is related, in large part, to the concentration of drug that reaches tumor sites. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common anti-cancer drug that is also approved for use in liposomal form for the treatment of ovarian cancer. We recently developed a porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP)-liposome system that enables on demand release of DOX from liposomes using near infrared irradiation to improve DOX bioavailability. Owing to its intrinsic fluorescence, it is possible, and desirable, to quantify DOX concentration and distribution, preferably noninvasively. Here we quantified DOX distribution following light-triggered drug release in phantoms and an animal carcass using spatial frequency domain imaging. This study demonstrates the feasibility of non-invasive quantitative mapping of DOX distributions in target areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kress
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kevin A. Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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19
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Ferber S, Baabur-Cohen H, Blau R, Epshtein Y, Kisin-Finfer E, Redy O, Shabat D, Satchi-Fainaro R. Polymeric nanotheranostics for real-time non-invasive optical imaging of breast cancer progression and drug release. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Wang RE, Zhang Y, Tian L, Cai W, Cai J. Antibody-based imaging of HER-2: moving into the clinic. Curr Mol Med 2014; 13:1523-37. [PMID: 24206138 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) mediates a number of important cellular activities, and is up-regulated in a diverse set of cancer cell lines, especially breast cancer. Accordingly, HER-2 has been regarded as a common drug target in cancer therapy. Antibodies can serve as ideal candidates for targeted tumor imaging and drug delivery, due to their inherent affinity and specificity. Advanced by the development of a wide variety of imaging techniques, antibody-based imaging of HER-2 can allow for early detection and localization of tumors, as well as monitoring of drug delivery and tissue's response to drug treatment. In this review article, antibody-based imaging of HER-2 are summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on the involved imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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21
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Yao J, Yang M, Duan Y. Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine of Fluorescent Nanomaterials and Related Systems: New Insights into Biosensing, Bioimaging, Genomics, Diagnostics, and Therapy. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200359p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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22
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Alexander VM, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Fluorescent molecular imaging: technical progress and current preclinical and clinical applications in urogynecologic diseases. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:1568-78. [PMID: 24206135 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111125758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many molecular imaging probes have been developed in recent years that hold great promise for both diagnostic and therapeutic functions in urogynecologic disease. Historically, optical probe designs were based on either endogenous or exogenous fluorophores. More recently, organic fluorophore probes have been engineered to target specific tissues and emit fluorescence only upon binding to targets. Several different photochemical mechanisms of activation exist. This review presents a discussion of the history and development of molecular imaging probe designs and provides an overview of successful preclinical and clinical models employing molecular probes for in vivo imaging of urogynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Alexander
- Molecular Imaging Program, NCI/NIH, Building 10, Room B3B69, MSC 1088, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
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23
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Kobayashi H, Longmire MR, Choyke PL. Polychromatic in vivo imaging of multiple targets using visible and near infrared light. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1112-9. [PMID: 23220327 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Conventional diagnostic imaging methods such as X-ray CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine are inherently monochromatic meaning that they can depict only one molecular target at a time. Optical imaging has the unique ability to be polychromatic and therefore multi-color imaging employing targeted agents conjugated to fluorophores of varying wavelength enables multiple simultaneous readouts thus providing greater multiplexed information. Numerous successful multicolor imaging techniques have recently been reported using optical imaging in in vivo animal disease models, thus adding to a growing body of research supporting the clinical viability and applicability of these technologies. Herein, we review multicolor optical imaging from the basic chemistry and physics perspective and then extend this to biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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24
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Kramer-Marek G, Longmire MR, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Recent advances in optical cancer imaging of EGF receptors. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:4759-66. [PMID: 22873662 DOI: 10.2174/092986712803341584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors are commonly expressed on the cell membrane of cancer cells and activity of these receptors results in accelerated cell growth and carcinogenesis. A variety of targeted molecules have been developed to block ligand binding and/or inhibit the function of these receptor tyrosine kinases, and several have proven therapeutic benefits. Along with the advent of new therapeutic agents comes a need for non-invasive tools to diagnose, characterize, and monitor tumor responsiveness to therapy. Imaging EGF receptors with radionuclides has been performed for decades. However, recently this area has advanced considerably with the development of EGF receptor-targeted optical imaging probes. Herein, we review recent advances in molecular imaging of the EGF receptor family, focusing specifically on optical imaging. Such agents provide the opportunity for earlier diagnosis, improved tumor characterization, and the ability to measure and monitor tumor responsiveness to anti-EGF receptor treatment strategies.
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25
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Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Shedding (Killer) Light on Tumors. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 24:235-7. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Nakajima T, Sano K, Mitsunaga M, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Real-time monitoring of in vivo acute necrotic cancer cell death induced by near infrared photoimmunotherapy using fluorescence lifetime imaging. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4622-8. [PMID: 22800710 PMCID: PMC3445723 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new type of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based, highly specific phototherapy (photoimmunotherapy; PIT) that uses a near infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated with a mAb, has recently been described. NIR light exposure leads to immediate, target-selective necrotic cell death in vitro. Detecting immediate in vivo cell death is more difficult because it takes at least 3 days for the tumor to begin to shrink in size. In this study, fluorescence lifetime (FLT) was evaluated before and after PIT for monitoring the immediate cytotoxic effects of NIR mediated mAb-IR700 PIT. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) panitumumab-IR700 was used for targeting EGFR-expressing A431 tumor cells. PIT with various doses of NIR light was conducted in cell pellets in vitro and in subcutaneously xenografted tumors in mice in vivo. FLT measurements were obtained before and 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours after PIT. In vitro, PIT at higher doses of NIR light immediately led to FLT shortening in A431 cells. In vivo PIT induced immediate shortening of FLT in treated tumors after a threshold NIR dose of 30 J/cm(2) or greater. In contrast, lower levels of NIR light (10 J/cm(2) or smaller) did not induce shortening of FLT. Prolongation of FLT in tissue surrounding the tumor site was noted 6 hours after PIT, likely reflecting phagocytosis by macrophages. In conclusion, FLT imaging can be used to monitor the acute cytotoxic effects of mAb-IR700-induced PIT even before morphological changes can be seen in the targeted tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nakajima
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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27
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Sun Y, Shukla G, Pero SC, Currier E, Sholler G, Krag D. Single tumor imaging with multiple antibodies targeting different antigens. Biotechniques 2012; 52:000113855. [PMID: 26307247 DOI: 10.2144/000113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are important drugs for treating cancer and there is strong rationale for using multiple antibodies to improve outcomes. We labeled two breast cancer binding antibodies, anti-ErbB2 and anti-EpCAM, with infrared fluorescence dyes of different wavelengths and determined their in vivo distribution in a breast cancer xenograft model using a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging system. Our data show that these two antibodies can be readily assessed simultaneously in mouse xenograft model. This will help guide design of dosing strategies for multiple antibodies and identify potential interaction that could affect pharmacokinetics and possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Sun
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Girja Shukla
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stephanie C Pero
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Erika Currier
- Department of Pediatrics, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Giselle Sholler
- Department of Pediatrics, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David Krag
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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28
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McCann TE, Kosaka N, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. The use of fluorescent proteins for developing cancer-specific target imaging probes. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 872:191-204. [PMID: 22700412 PMCID: PMC6386170 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-797-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Target-specific imaging probes represent a promising tool in the molecular imaging of human cancer. Fluorescently-labeled target-specific probes are useful in imaging cancers because of their ability to bind a target receptor with high sensitivity and specificity. The development of probes relies upon preclinical testing to validate the sensitivity and specificity of these agents in animal models. However, this process involves both conventional histology and immunohistochemistry, which require large numbers of animals and samples with costly handling. In this chapter, we describe a novel validation tool that takes advantage of genetic engineering technology, whereby cell lines are transfected with genes that induce the target cell to produce fluorescent proteins with characteristic emission spectra, thus enabling their easy identification as cancer cells in vivo. Combined with multicolor fluorescence imaging, this can provide rapid validation of newly-developed exogenous probes that fluoresce at different wavelengths. For example, the plasmid containing the gene encoding red fluorescent protein (RFP) was transfected into cell lines previously developed to either express or not express specific cell surface receptors. Various antibody-based or ligand-based optical-contrast agents, with green fluorophores were developed to concurrently target cancer cells and validate their positive and negative controls, such as the β-D: -galactose receptor, HER1, and HER2 in a single animal/organ. Spectrally-resolved multicolor fluorescence imaging was used to detect separate fluorescence emission spectra from the exogenous green fluorophore and RFP. Here, we describe the use of "co-staining" (matching the exogenous fluorophore and the endogenous fluorescent protein to the positive control cell line) and "counter-staining" (matching the exogenous fluorophore to the positive control and the endogenous fluorescent protein to the negative control cell line) to validate the sensitivity and specificity of target-specific probes. Using these in vivo imaging techniques, we are able to determine the sensitivity and specificity of target-specific optical contrast agents in several distinct animal models of cancer in vivo, thus exemplifying the versatility of our technique, while reducing the number of animals needed to conduct these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E McCann
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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McCann TE, Kosaka N, Koide Y, Mitsunaga M, Choyke PL, Nagano T, Urano Y, Kobayashi H. Activatable optical imaging with a silica-rhodamine based near infrared (SiR700) fluorophore: a comparison with cyanine based dyes. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2531-8. [PMID: 22034863 PMCID: PMC3244508 DOI: 10.1021/bc2003617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging is emerging as an important tool to visualize tumors. However, there are many potential choices among the available fluorophores. Optical imaging probes that emit in the visible range can image superficial tumors with high quantum yields; however, if deeper imaging is needed then near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores are necessary. Most commercially available NIR fluorophores are cyanine based and are prone to nonspecific binding and relatively limited photostability. Silica-containing rhodamine (SiR) fluorophores represent a new class of NIR fluorophores, which permit photoactivation via H-dimer formation as well as demonstrate improved photostability. This permits higher tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) to be achieved over longer periods of time. Here, we compared an avidin conjugated with SiR700 (Av-SiR700) to similar compounds based on cyanine dyes (Av-Cy5.5 and Av-Alexa Fluor 680) in a mouse tumor model of ovarian cancer metastasis. We found that the Av-SiR700 probe demonstrated superior quenching, enabling activation after binding-internalization to the target cell. As a result, Av-SiR700 had higher TBRs compared to Av-Cy5.5 and better biostability compared to Av-Alexa Fluor 680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. McCann
- Molecular imaging program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Kosaka
- Molecular imaging program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
| | - Yuichiro Koide
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Makoto Mitsunaga
- Molecular imaging program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular imaging program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular imaging program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
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30
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Kobayashi H, Longmire MR, Ogawa M, Choyke PL. Rational chemical design of the next generation of molecular imaging probes based on physics and biology: mixing modalities, colors and signals. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4626-48. [PMID: 21607237 PMCID: PMC3417232 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous in vivo molecular imaging probes have been developed. As a consequence, much has been published on the design and synthesis of molecular imaging probes focusing on each modality, each type of material, or each target disease. More recently, second generation molecular imaging probes with unique, multi-functional, or multiplexed characteristics have been designed. This critical review focuses on (i) molecular imaging using combinations of modalities and signals that employ the full range of the electromagnetic spectra, (ii) optimized chemical design of molecular imaging probes for in vivo kinetics based on biology and physiology across a range of physical sizes, (iii) practical examples of second generation molecular imaging probes designed to extract complementary data from targets using multiple modalities, color, and comprehensive signals (277 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bldg. 10, Room B3B69, MSC 1088, 10 Center Dr Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
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31
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Liu B, Wang NN, Wang ZL, Hong SS, Li JT, Ding HJ, Pan QH, Dong Y, Zhou CQ, Zhuang GL. Improved nude mouse models for green fluorescence human endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 36:1214-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith TAD. Towards detecting the HER-2 receptor and metabolic changes induced by HER-2-targeted therapies using medical imaging. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:638-44. [PMID: 20675463 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/31053812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HER-2/neu (a receptor for human epidermal growth factor) is involved in cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness. It is overexpressed in about 25% of breast cancers. Overexpression of HER-2 is associated with response to the anti-HER-2 antibody trastuzumab (herceptin). However, HER-2 expression can be heterogeneous within the primary tumour and can also exhibit discordant expression between a primary tumour and its metastases, bringing into question the practice of HER-2 screening to determine whether a patient is a candidate for trastuzumab using material obtained only from the primary tumour. Medical imaging modalities using HER-2-targeted tracers (or contrast agents) facilitate a global approach to the determination of HER-2 expression across all detectable tumour lesions, and could provide a more reliable indication of the patient's likely response to trastuzumab treatment. Here, I review the development and pre-clinical (and occasional clinical) assessment of HER-2-targeted tracers. I discuss studies in which established imaging tracers, such as (11)C-choline, have been used to determine response to trastuzumab in a range of medical imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), MRI and optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A D Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, Biomedical Physics Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Kobayashi H, Ogawa M, Alford R, Choyke PL, Urano Y. New strategies for fluorescent probe design in medical diagnostic imaging. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2620-40. [PMID: 20000749 PMCID: PMC3241938 DOI: 10.1021/cr900263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1517] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
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Abstract
Surgery is currently the most effective and widely used procedure in treating human cancers, and the single most important predictor of patient survival is a complete surgical resection. Major opportunities exist to develop new and innovative technologies that could help the surgeon to delineate tumor margins, to identify residual tumor cells and micrometastases, and to determine if the tumor has been completely removed. Here we discuss recent advances in nanotechnology and optical instrumentation, and how these advances can be integrated for applications in surgical oncology. A fundamental rationale is that nanometer-sized particles such as quantum dots and colloidal gold have functional and structural properties that are not available from either discrete molecules or bulk materials. When conjugated with targeting ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, or small molecules, these nanoparticles can be used to target malignant tumor cells and tumor microenvironments with high specificity and affinity. In the "mesoscopic" size range of 10-100 nm, nanoparticles also have large surface areas for conjugating to multiple diagnostic and therapeutic agents, opening new possibilities in integrated cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Dufort S, Sancey L, Wenk C, Josserand V, Coll JL. Optical small animal imaging in the drug discovery process. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:2266-73. [PMID: 20346346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of tumors in preclinical models is of the utmost importance for developing innovative cancer treatments. This field is moving extremely rapidly, with recent advances in optical imaging technologies and sophisticated molecular probes for in vivo imaging. The aim of this review is to provide a succinct overview of the imaging modalities available for rodents and with focus on describing optical probes for cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dufort
- Institut Albert Bonniot, BP 170, 38 042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Surgery with molecular fluorescence imaging using activatable cell-penetrating peptides decreases residual cancer and improves survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:4317-22. [PMID: 20160097 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910261107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The completeness of tumor removal during surgery is dependent on the surgeon's ability to differentiate tumor from normal tissue using subjective criteria that are not easily quantifiable. A way to objectively assess tumor margins during surgery in patients would be of great value. We have developed a method to visualize tumors during surgery using activatable cell-penetrating peptides (ACPPs), in which the fluorescently labeled, polycationic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is coupled via a cleavable linker to a neutralizing peptide. Upon exposure to proteases characteristic of tumor tissue, the linker is cleaved, dissociating the inhibitory peptide and allowing the CPP to bind to and enter tumor cells. In mice, xenografts stably transfected with green fluorescent protein show colocalization with the Cy5-labeled ACPPs. In the same mouse models, Cy5-labeled free ACPPs and ACPPs conjugated to dendrimers (ACPPDs) delineate the margin between tumor and adjacent tissue, resulting in improved precision of tumor resection. Surgery guided by ACPPD resulted in fewer residual cancer cells left in the animal after surgery as measured by Alu PCR. A single injection of ACPPD dually labeled with Cy5 and gadolinium chelates enabled preoperative whole-body tumor detection by MRI, intraoperative guidance by real-time fluorescence, intraoperative histological analysis of margin status by fluorescence, and postoperative MRI tumor quantification. Animals whose tumors were resected with ACPPD guidance had better long-term tumor-free survival and overall survival than animals whose tumors were resected with traditional bright-field illumination only.
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Ogawa M, Kosaka N, Regino CAS, Mitsunaga M, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. High sensitivity detection of cancer in vivo using a dual-controlled activation fluorescent imaging probe based on H-dimer formation and pH activation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:888-93. [PMID: 20567775 DOI: 10.1039/b917876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The key to improving the sensitivity of in vivo molecular imaging is to increase the target-to-background signal ratio (TBR). Optical imaging has a distinct advantage over other molecular imaging methods in that the fluorescent signal can be activated at the target thus reducing background signal. Previously, we found that H-dimer formation quenches fluorescence of xanthene fluorophores, and among these, TAMRA had the highest quenching ratio. Another approach to lowering background signal is to employ pH activation based on the photon-induced electron transfer (PeT) theory. We hypothesized that combining these two strategies could lead to greater quenching capacity than was possible with either probe alone. A pH-sensitive fluorophore, pHrodo or TAMRA was conjugated to the cancer targeting molecules, avidin (Av) and trastuzumab (Tra). As expected, both pHrodo and TAMRA formed H-dimers when conjugated to avidin or antibody and the dimerization resulted in efficient fluorescence quenching. In addition, pHrodo conjugated probes showed pH-dependent fluorescence activation. When the probes were used in an in vivo animal model, fluorescence endoscopy with Av-pHrodo depicted tumors with high TBR 1 h and 2 h after injection. Av-TAMRA also visualized tumors 1 h and 2 h after the injection, however, TBR was lower due to the background signal from non-specific binding 1 h after the injection as well as background fluorescence from the unbound agent. Thus, we demonstrate that a dual-controlled activatable optical probe based on the combination of H-dimer formation and pH activation can achieve high TBR at early time points during in vivo molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
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Ogawa M, Regino CAS, Seidel J, Green MV, Xi W, Williams M, Kosaka N, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Dual-modality molecular imaging using antibodies labeled with activatable fluorescence and a radionuclide for specific and quantitative targeted cancer detection. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:2177-84. [PMID: 19919110 DOI: 10.1021/bc900362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality molecular imaging should have potential for compensating the disadvantages and enhancing the advantages of each modality. Nuclear imaging is superior to optical imaging in whole body imaging and in quantification due to good tissue penetration of gamma rays. However, target specificity can be compromised by high background signal due to the always signal ON feature of nuclear probes. In contrast, optical imaging can be superior in target-specific imaging by employing target-specific signal activation systems, although it is not quantitative because of signal attenuation. In this study, to take advantage of the mutual cooperation of each modality, multimodality imaging was performed by a combination of quantitative radiolabeled probe and an activatable optical probe. The monoclonal antibodies, panitumumab (anti-HER1) and trastuzumab (anti-HER2), were labeled with 111In and ICG and tested in both HER1 and HER2 tumor bearing mice by the cocktail injection of radiolabeled and optical probes and by the single injection of a dual-labeled probe. The optical and nuclear images were obtained over 6 days after the conjugates injection. The fluorescence activation properties of ICG labeled antibodies were also investigated by in vitro microscopy. In vitro microscopy demonstrated that there was no fluorescence signal with either panitumumab-ICG or trastuzumab-ICG, when the probes were bound to cell surface antigens but were not yet internalized. After the conjugates were internalized into the cells, both conjugates showed bright fluorescence signal only in the target cells. These results show that both conjugates work as activatable probes. In in vivo multimodality imaging by injection of a cocktail of radio-optical probes, only the target specific tumor was visualized by optical imaging. Meanwhile, the biodistribution profile of the injected antibody was provided by nuclear imaging. Similar results were obtained with radio and optical dual-labeled probes, and it is confirmed that pharmacokinetic properties did not affect the results above. Here, we could characterize the molecular targets by activatable optical probes and visualize the delivery of targeting molecules quantitatively by radioactive probes. Multimodality molecular imaging combining activatable optical and radioactive probes has great potential for simultaneous visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Alford R, Ogawa M, Hassan M, Gandjbakhche AH, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of activatable target specific molecular probes. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 5:1-8. [PMID: 20101762 PMCID: PMC3404610 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In vivo optical imaging using fluorescently labeled self-quenched monoclonal antibodies, activated through binding and internalization within target cells, results in excellent target-to-background ratios. We hypothesized that these molecular probes could be utilized to accurately report on cellular internalization with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI). Two imaging probes were synthesized, consisting of the antibody trastuzumab (targeting HER2/neu) conjugated to Alexa Fluor750 in ratios of either 1:8 or 1:1. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime of each conjugate were initially determined at endosomal pHs. Since the 1:8 conjugate is self-quenched, the fluorescence lifetime of each probe was also determined after exposure to the known dequencher SDS. In vitro imaging experiments were performed using 3T3/HER2(+) and BALB/3T3 (HER2(-)) cell lines. Changes in fluorescence lifetime correlated with temperature- and time-dependent cellular internalization. In vivo imaging studies in mice with dual flank tumors [3T3/HER2(+) and BALB/3T3 (HER2(-))] detected a minimal difference in FLI. In conclusion, fluorescence lifetime imaging monitors the internalization of target-specific activatable antibody-fluorophore conjugates in vitro. Challenges remain in adapting this methodology to in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Alford
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Moinuddin Hassan
- Program in Physical Biology, Laboratory of Integrative and Medical Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amir H. Gandjbakhche
- Program in Physical Biology, Laboratory of Integrative and Medical Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Alford R, Ogawa M, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Molecular probes for the in vivo imaging of cancer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:1279-91. [PMID: 19823742 PMCID: PMC3407672 DOI: 10.1039/b911307j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in medical imaging have brought about unprecedented changes in the in vivo assessment of cancer. Positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, optical imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging are the primary tools being developed for oncologic imaging. These techniques may still be in their infancy, as recently developed chemical molecular probes for each modality have improved in vivo characterization of physiologic and molecular characteristics. Herein, we discuss advances in these imaging techniques, and focus on the major design strategies with which molecular probes are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Alford
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 1B40, MSC1088, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892-1088, USA; Fax: +1 301-402-3191; Tel: +1 301-451-4220
- Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 1B40, MSC1088, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892-1088, USA; Fax: +1 301-402-3191; Tel: +1 301-451-4220
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 1B40, MSC1088, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892-1088, USA; Fax: +1 301-402-3191; Tel: +1 301-451-4220
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 1B40, MSC1088, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892-1088, USA; Fax: +1 301-402-3191; Tel: +1 301-451-4220
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