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Sawada Y, Sakai M, Yoshikawa T, Ofuji K, Nakatsura T. A glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine against hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1448-1450. [PMID: 23243625 PMCID: PMC3518534 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of a Phase I clinical trial in which a glypican-3 (GPC3)-derived peptide was tested in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients point to a strong correlation between immunological and clinical responses. This commentary reviews our fundamental studies and clinical trials on the GPC3-derived peptide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy; Research Center for Innovative Oncology; National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa, Japan
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2
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Extracellular miRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers for Glypican-3-Derived Peptide Vaccine Therapy Response in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030550. [PMID: 33535558 PMCID: PMC7867082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) has been treated with surgery and chemotherapy; however, the prognosis remains poor because of chemoresistance. Therefore, immunotherapies are attracting attention, including the GPC3 peptide vaccine, which improves overall survival. However, the response rate is limited and there are no sufficient predictive biomarkers that can identify responders before treatment. Our purpose was to identify circulating serum miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for response to GPC3 peptide vaccine. Eighty-four patients in a phase II trial of a GPC3 peptide vaccine were enrolled and miRNA sequencing was performed on their serum samples. Candidate miRNAs were selected from a group of 14 patients for whom treatment was responsive and validated in an independent group of 10 patients for whom treatment was responsive. Three markedly upregulated miRNAs, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-1228-5p, were identified, and the combination of those miRNAs demonstrated high value in the prediction of the response. The origin of these miRNAs was assessed by referring to OCCC tissue miRNA profiles, and they were not identified as cancer tissue-related miRNAs. Functional annotation analysis suggested that they were associated with interferon-related pathways. The miRNAs identified herein have great potential to allow the realization of liquid biopsy for predicting the immunotherapy response and precision medicine.
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3
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Taniguchi M, Mizuno S, Yoshikawa T, Fujinami N, Sugimoto M, Kobayashi S, Takahashi S, Konishi M, Gotohda N, Nakatsura T. Peptide vaccine as an adjuvant therapy for glypican-3-positive hepatocellular carcinoma induces peptide-specific CTLs and improves long prognosis. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2747-2759. [PMID: 32449239 PMCID: PMC7419030 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no established postoperative adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and improvement of patient prognosis has been limited. We conducted long‐term monitoring of patients within a phase II trial that targeted a cancer antigen, glypican‐3 (GPC3), specifically expressed in HCC. We sought to determine if the GPC3 peptide vaccine was an effective adjuvant therapy by monitoring disease‐free survival and overall survival. We also tracked GPC3 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, CTL induction, and postoperative plasma GPC3 for a patient group that was administered the vaccine (n = 35) and an unvaccinated patient group that underwent surgery only (n = 33). The 1‐y recurrence rate after surgery was reduced by approximately 15%, and the 5‐y and 8‐y survival rates were improved by approximately 10% and 30%, respectively, in the vaccinated group compared with the unvaccinated group. Patients who were positive for GPC3 IHC staining were more likely to have induced CTLs, and 60% survived beyond 5 y. Vaccine efficacy had a positive relationship with plasma concentration of GPC3; high concentrations increased the 5‐y survival rate to 75%. We thus expect GPC3 vaccination in patients with HCC, who are positive for GPC3 IHC staining and/or plasma GPC3 to induce CTL and have significantly improved long‐term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Taniguchi
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shoichi Mizuno
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Norihiro Fujinami
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Motokazu Sugimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takahashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masaru Konishi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Naoto Gotohda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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4
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Ueda T, Kumagai A, Iriguchi S, Yasui Y, Miyasaka T, Nakagoshi K, Nakane K, Saito K, Takahashi M, Sasaki A, Yoshida S, Takasu N, Seno H, Uemura Y, Tamada K, Nakatsura T, Kaneko S. Non-clinical efficacy, safety and stable clinical cell processing of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived anti-glypican-3 chimeric antigen receptor-expressing natural killer/innate lymphoid cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1478-1490. [PMID: 32133731 PMCID: PMC7226201 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of allogeneic, pluripotent stem‐cell‐derived immune cells for cancer immunotherapy has been the subject of recent clinical trials. In Japan, investigator‐initiated clinical trials will soon begin for ovarian cancer treatment using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐homozygous‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived anti–glypican‐3 (GPC3) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐expressing natural killer/innate lymphoid cells (NK/ILC). Using pluripotent stem cells as the source for allogeneic immune cells facilitates stringent quality control of the final product, in terms of efficacy, safety and producibility. In this paper, we describe our methods for the stable, feeder‐free production of CAR‐expressing NK/ILC cells from CAR‐transduced iPSC with clinically relevant scale and materials. The average number of cells that could be differentiated from 1.8‐3.6 × 106 iPSC within 7 weeks was 1.8‐4.0 × 109. These cells showed stable CD45/CD7/CAR expression, effector functions of cytotoxicity and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) production against GPC3‐expressing tumor cells. When the CAR‐NK/ILC cells were injected into a GPC3‐positive, ovarian‐tumor‐bearing, immunodeficient mouse model, we observed a significant therapeutic effect that prolonged the survival of the animals. When the cells were injected into immunodeficient mice during non–clinical safety tests, no acute systemic toxicity or tumorigenicity of the final product or residual iPSC was observed. In addition, our test results for the CAR‐NK/ILC cells generated with clinical manufacturing standards are encouraging, and these methods should accelerate the development of allogeneic pluripotent stem cell‐based immune cell cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Ueda
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Kumagai
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iriguchi
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Thyas Co. Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadayo Miyasaka
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakagoshi
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakane
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keigo Saito
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Aki Sasaki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yoshida
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Role of cell surface proteoglycans in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:48-67. [PMID: 31336150 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, understanding how tumor cells evade the immune system and their communication with their tumor microenvironment, has been the subject of intense investigation, with the aim of developing new cancer immunotherapies. The current therapies against cancer such as monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell transfer, cytokines, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses have managed to improve the clinical outcome of the patients. However, in some tumor entities, the response is limited and could benefit from the identification of novel therapeutic targets. It is known that tumor-extracellular matrix interplay and matrix remodeling are necessary for anti-tumor and pro-tumoral immune responses. Proteoglycans are dominant components of the extracellular matrix and are a highly heterogeneous group of proteins characterized by the covalent attachment of a specific linear carbohydrate chain of the glycosaminoglycan type. At cell surfaces, these molecules modulate the expression and activity of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and function as signaling co-receptors. By these mechanisms, proteoglycans influence the behavior of cancer cells and their microenvironment during the progression of solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. In this review, we discuss why cell surface proteoglycans are attractive pharmacological targets in cancer, and we present current and recent developments in cancer immunology and immunotherapy utilizing proteoglycan-targeted strategies.
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Minagawa A, Yoshikawa T, Yasukawa M, Hotta A, Kunitomo M, Iriguchi S, Takiguchi M, Kassai Y, Imai E, Yasui Y, Kawai Y, Zhang R, Uemura Y, Miyoshi H, Nakanishi M, Watanabe A, Hayashi A, Kawana K, Fujii T, Nakatsura T, Kaneko S. Enhancing T Cell Receptor Stability in Rejuvenated iPSC-Derived T Cells Improves Their Use in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:850-858.e4. [PMID: 30449714 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Limited T cell availability and proliferative exhaustion present major barriers to successful T cell-based immunotherapies and may potentially be overcome through the use of "rejuvenated" induced pluripotent stem cells derived from antigen-specific T cells (T-iPSCs). However, strict antigen specificity is essential for safe and efficient T cell immunotherapy. Here, we report that CD8αβ T cells from human T-iPSCs lose their antigen specificity through additional rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) α chain gene during the CD4/CD8 double positive stage of in vitro differentiation. CRISPR knockout of a recombinase gene in the T-iPSCs prevented this additional TCR rearrangement. Moreover, when CD8αβ T cells were differentiated from monocyte-derived iPSCs that were transduced with an antigen-specific TCR, they showed monoclonal expression of the transduced TCR. TCR-stabilized, regenerated CD8αβ T cells effectively inhibit tumor growth in xenograft cancer models. These approaches could contribute to safe and effective regenerative T cell immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsutaka Minagawa
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kunitomo
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iriguchi
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Takiguchi
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kassai
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Eri Imai
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawai
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Hayashi
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan; Facility for iPS Cell Therapy, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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7
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Zeng JZ, Liu Y, Huang F, He ZH, Sun H, Lu YD, Lei JH, Luo RC. Glypican-3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by human leucocyte antigen-A*0201-restricted peptide effectively kill hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1084-1089. [PMID: 29203107 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate potential human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted epitope peptides of glypican-3 (GPC3) and determine the cytotoxicity of peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS The potential HLA-A*0201-restricted GPC3 peptides were screened using computer algorithms, T2 cell-binding affinity and stability of peptide/HLA-A*0201 complex assay. The peptide-specific CTLs were generated and their cytotoxicity against GPC3+ SMMC 7721 and HepG2 cells was detected using IFN-γ based enzyme-linked immunospot and lactate dehydrogenase release assays in vitro. RESULTS A total of six peptides were identified for bindings to HAL-A2 and the GPC3 522-530 and GPC3 229-237 peptides with HLA-A*0201 molecules displayed high binding affinity and stability. The CTLs induced by the GPC3 522-530 or positive control GPC3 144-152 peptide responded to the peptide by producing IFN-γ, which were abrogated by treatment with anti-HLA-A2 antibody. The GPC3 522-530-specific CTLs responded to and killed SMMC 7721 and HepG2 cells, instead of GPC3-silenced SMMC 7721 or HepG2 cells. GPC3 522-530-specific CTLs response to HCC cells was blocked by anti-HLA-A2 antibody. CONCLUSIONS The GPC3 522-530 peptide contains antigen-determinant and its specific CTLs can effectively kill HCC in a HLA-A2-restricted and peptide-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that this peptide may be valuable for development of therapeutic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Zheng Zeng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Medical College Cancer Institute, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Breast and Thoracic Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Medical College Cancer Institute, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Zhi-Hui He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Medical College Cancer Institute, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Huamao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Medical College Cancer Institute, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Yan-Da Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Medical College Cancer Institute, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Jun-Hua Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Medical College Cancer Institute, Haikou 570102, China.
| | - Rong-Cheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, China.
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Fragments generated upon extracellular matrix remodeling: Biological regulators and potential drugs. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:170-189. [PMID: 29133183 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by several protease families releases a number of bioactive fragments, which regulate numerous biological processes such as autophagy, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, fibrosis, tumor growth, metastasis and wound healing. We review here the proteases which generate bioactive ECM fragments, their ECM substrates, the major bioactive ECM fragments, together with their biological properties and their receptors. The translation of ECM fragments into drugs is challenging and would take advantage of an integrative approach to optimize the design of pre-clinical and clinical studies. This could be done by building the contextualized interaction network of the ECM fragment repertoire including their parent proteins, remodeling proteinases, and their receptors, and by using mathematical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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9
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Suzuki S, Sakata J, Utsumi F, Sekiya R, Kajiyama H, Shibata K, Kikkawa F, Nakatsura T. Efficacy of glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine therapy on the survival of patients with refractory ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1238542. [PMID: 27999758 PMCID: PMC5139642 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1238542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with other epithelial ovarian carcinoma subtypes, ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) has been recognized to show chemoresistance. Therefore, new treatment modalities are required for patients with OCCC that is refractory to chemotherapy. The carcinoembryonic antigen glypican-3 (GPC3) is expressed by approximately half of OCCC and is a promising immunotherapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of GPC3 peptide vaccine against refractory OCCC patients. We conducted a phase II trial with a GPC3-derived peptide vaccine in OCCC patients. Immunological responses were analyzed by ex vivo IFNγ ELISPOT assay. We also evaluated control subjects, who received best supportive care without vaccinations during the same period. Thirty-two patients with refractory OCCC were enrolled between July 2010 and September 2015, and underwent GPC3 peptide vaccination. Fifteen patients were vaccinated less than six times because their general condition progressively deteriorated, and 17 patients were vaccinated at least six times. Three patients showed a partial response as the best overall response. The GPC3 peptide vaccine induced a GPC3-specific CTL response in 15 out of 24 patients who had PBMCs collected three times or more. The prognosis of palliative care patients without GPC3 peptide vaccinations was significantly poorer than that of those with GPC3 peptide vaccinations (post cancer-treatment survival: p = 0.002). Although the disease control rate was not high, our results suggest that GPC3 peptide vaccinations may hold a significant impact to prolong survival of patients with refractory OCCC, allowing them to maintain quality of life with no serious toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumi Utsumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sekiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center , Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Kobayashi H, Sugimoto H, Onishi S, Nakano K. Novel biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:612-618. [PMID: 26622542 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma can arise from endometriosis; however, it is distinct from other types of epithelial ovarian carcinoma in terms of its clinicopathological and molecular features. Cancer antigen 125 lacks the sensitivity and specificity required for accurate clinical diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma. Therefore, the aim of the current review was to identify novel biomarker candidates for the immunohistochemical and serological diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma. A search of the relevant English language literature published between 1966 and 2014 was conducted using the PubMed MEDLINE online database. High-throughput tissue microarray technology and proteomic screening combined with mass spectrometry may provide additional information regarding diagnostic biomarker candidates for ovarian clear cell carcinoma. The present review summarizes the characteristics of potential genomic alterations that activate cancer signaling pathways and, thus, contribute to carcinogenesis. The major signaling pathways activated in clear cell carcinoma are associated with cell cycle regulation (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 and tumor protein D52), growth factor signaling (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1; KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor; erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2), anti-apoptosis and survival pathways [sialidase 3 (membrane sialidase)], metabolism (γ-glutamyltransferase 1), chemoresistance (napsin A aspartic peptidase, glutathione peroxidase 3; and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1), coagulation [coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor); and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2], signaling (lectin, galactoside-binding and soluble, 3), and adhesion and the extracellular matrix [cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial); versican; and laminin, α 5]. The present review of the relevant literature may provide a basis for additional clinical investigation of the ovarian clear cell carcinoma serum biomarker candidate proteins identified herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sugimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Onishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Liu MX, Siu MKY, Liu SS, Yam JWP, Ngan HYS, Chan DW. Epigenetic silencing of microRNA-199b-5p is associated with acquired chemoresistance via activation of JAG1-Notch1 signaling in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:944-58. [PMID: 24659709 PMCID: PMC4011596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly lethal and aggressive gynecological malignancy. The high mortality rate is due in part to the fact that many advanced cancer patients become refractory to current chemotherapeutic agents, leading to tumor recurrence and death. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to chemoresistance remain obscure. Here, we report that the loss of miR-199b-5p due to progressive epigenetic silencing leads to the activation of the JAG1-mediated Notch1 signaling cascade, thereby leading to the development of acquired chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Using miRCURY LNA™ microRNA array and Q-PCR analyses of two pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and –resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, we identified miR-199b-5p as significantly down-regulated in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and confirmed that miR-199b-5p is clinically associated with advanced and poor survival ovarian cancers. Interestingly, the loss of miR-199b-5p could be restored by 5-Aza-dC-mediated demethylation, and methylated specific PCR (MS-PCR), bisulfite-sequencing and pyrosequencing revealed that the promoter region of miR-199b-5p was hypermethylated. Computational and mechanistic analyses identified JAG1 as a primary target of miR-199b-5p. Notably, the reduced expression of miR-199b-5p was found to be inversely correlated with the increased expression of JAG1 using an ovarian cancer tissue array. Enforced expression of miR-199b-5p sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, re-expression of miR-199b-5p and siRNA-mediated JAG1 knockdown or treatment with Notch specific inhibitor γ-secretase (GSI) attenuated JAG1-Notch1 signaling activity, thereby enhancing cisplatin-mediated cell cytotoxicity. Taken together, our study suggests that the epigenetic silencing of miR-199b-5p during tumor progression is significantly associated with acquired chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through the activation of JAG1-Notch1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle X Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R.China
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12
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Yamashita Y. Ovarian cancer: new developments in clear cell carcinoma and hopes for targeted therapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:405-7. [PMID: 25583423 PMCID: PMC4412138 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, ovarian clear cell carcinoma was recognized by its unique morphology and unfavorable patient outcome primarily due to tumor chemoresistance. Recently, specific molecular characteristics of ovarian clear cell carcinoma, such as PI3CA mutation, ARID1a mutation and MET amplification, have been elucidated. In addition, an association between endometriosis and the tumor has also been a focus of research in recent years. The aim of this review is to discuss the specificity and importance of molecular changes and various intriguing points that are not solved until today. Finally, future aspects, including hopes for the development of novel therapies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Yamashita
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Luo C, Shibata K, Suzuki S, Kajiyama H, Senga T, Koya Y, Daimon M, Yamashita M, Kikkawa F. GPC3 expression in mouse ovarian cancer induces GPC3‑specific T cell-mediated immune response through M1 macrophages and suppresses tumor growth. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:913-21. [PMID: 24992906 PMCID: PMC4121400 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is specifically expressed in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and melanoma and lung cancer. GPC3 is being explored as a potential candidate for OCCC and HCC immunotherapy. As a tumor-associated antigen, induction of immune response of GPC3 in ovarian cancer remains elusive. We established a GPC3 transgenic mouse ovarian cancer cell line, OV2944-HM-1 (HM-1), and used the intraperitoneal ovarian cancer mouse model to investigate immune response in GPC3-expressing tumor. We found that GPC3 expression in the tumor increased F4/80+CD86+ macrophage (M1) proportion and caused GPC3-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses, and prolonged mouse survival. Our results demonstrated that GPC3 expression induced T cell-mediated immune response in this mouse ovarian cancer model and also provided supportive evidence that GPC3 is an ideal target for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Luo
- Bio-Databases Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Nagoya 458-0818, Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Senga
- Department of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bio-Databases Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Nagoya 458-0818, Japan
| | - Mina Daimon
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Nagoya 458-0818, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamashita
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Nagoya 458-0818, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
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14
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Ofuji K, Saito K, Yoshikawa T, Nakatsura T. Critical analysis of the potential of targeting GPC3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:35-42. [PMID: 27508174 PMCID: PMC4918265 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s48517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The treatment options for patients with advanced HCC are limited, and novel treatment strategies are required urgently. Glypican-3 (GPC3), a member of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, is overexpressed in 72%−81% of HCC cases, and is correlated with a poor prognosis. GPC3 regulates both stimulatory and inhibitory signals, and plays a key role in regulating cancer cell growth. GPC3 is released into the serum, and so might be a useful diagnostic marker for HCC. GPC3 is also used as an immunotherapeutic target in HCC. A Phase I study of a humanized anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibody, GC33, revealed a good safety profile and potential antitumor activity, and a Phase II trial is currently ongoing. In addition, the authors’ investigator-initiated Phase I study of a GPC3-derived peptide vaccine showed good safety and tolerability, and demonstrated that the GPC3 peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte frequency in peripheral blood correlated with overall survival in HCC patients. A sponsor-initiated Phase I clinical trial of a three-peptide cocktail vaccine, which includes a GPC3-derived peptide, is also underway. GPC3 is currently recognized as a promising therapeutic target and diagnostic marker for HCC. This review introduces the recent progress in GPC3 research, from biology to clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ofuji
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keigo Saito
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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15
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Weng MZ, Zhuang PY, Hei ZY, Lin PY, Chen ZS, Liu YB, Quan ZW, Tang ZH. ZBTB20 is involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mouse. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:48-54. [PMID: 24463079 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in liver regeneration holds promise for exploring the new potential therapy for liver failure. The present study was to investigate the role of zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 20 (ZBTB20), a potential factor associated with liver regeneration, in a model of 70% hepatectomy in mice. METHODS Parameters for liver proliferation such as liver/body ratio and BrdU positivity were obtained via direct measurement and immunohistochemistry. The levels of zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2), ZBTB20, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and glypican 3 (GPC3) transcripts in the regenerating liver tissue of a 70% hepatectomy rodent model were monitored by real-time PCR analysis at different time points. Knockdown of ZBTB20 was performed to characterize its regulatory function. RESULTS A negatively regulating relationship between ZHX2, ZBTB20 and AFP, GPC3 was revealed from 24 to 72 hours after 70% hepatectomy. ZBTB20 appears to negatively regulate AFP and GPC3 transcription since the knockdown of ZBTB20 promoted the proliferation of hepatocytes and the expression of AFP and GPC3. CONCLUSION In addition to AFP, GPC3 and ZHX2, ZBTB20 is a new regulator in liver regeneration and the decrease of ZBTB20 expression following 70% hepatectomy promotes AFP and GPC3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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16
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Suzuki S, Shibata K, Kikkawa F, Nakatsura T. Significant clinical response of progressive recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma to glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine therapy: two case reports. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:338-43. [PMID: 24252799 PMCID: PMC4185885 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen glypican-3 (GPC3) is expressed by>40% of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and is a promising immunotherapeutic target. We previously reported the safety of and immunological and clinical responses to a GPC3-derived peptide vaccine in a phase I clinical trial of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the efficacy of the GPC3-derived peptide vaccine against HCC patients was evaluated, other GPC3-positive cancer patients have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the clinical outcome of ovarian CCC patients treated with a GPC3-derived peptide vaccine. The GPC3 peptide was administered at a dose of 3 mg per body. Patients received an intradermal injection of the GPC3 peptide emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Vaccinations were performed biweekly from the first until the 6th injection and were then repeated at 6-week intervals after the 7th injection. Treatment continued until disease progression. We herein present two patients with chemotherapy-refractory ovarian CCC who achieved a significant clinical response in an ongoing trial of a GPC3 peptide vaccine. Case 1, a 42-year-old patient with advanced recurrent ovarian CCC with liver and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases, received the HLA-A24-restricted GPC3 peptide vaccine. Contrast-enhanced CT at week 10 revealed a partial response (PR) using RECIST criteria. Case 2 was a 67-year-old female with multiple lymph node metastases. She was injected with the HLA-A2-restricted GPC3 peptide vaccine. According to RECIST, PR was achieved at week 37. The stabilization of their diseases over one year provided us with the first clinical evidence to demonstrate that GPC3 peptide-based immunotherapy may significantly prolong the overall survival of patients with refractory ovarian CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Showa-ku, Nagoya Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Showa-ku, Nagoya Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Showa-ku, Nagoya Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center; National Cancer Center; Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
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17
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Nobuoka D, Yoshikawa T, Sawada Y, Fujiwara T, Nakatsura T. Peptide vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:210-2. [PMID: 23442593 PMCID: PMC3667940 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a potentially attractive treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have reported that glypican-3 (GPC3) is an ideal target for anticancer immunotherapy against HCC because its expression is specifically detected in > 80% of HCCs, even during the early stages. Further, increased GPC3 expression is correlated with a poor prognosis. Based on results obtained from a preclinical study using mice, we conducted a phase I clinical trial using a GPC3-derived peptide vaccine. Phase I results showed that the GPC3-derived peptide vaccine was well tolerated. Furthermore, this was the first study to show that the frequency of peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes was correlated with overall survival in patients with HCC receiving a peptide vaccine. Next, we conducted a phase II clinical trial using the GPC3-derived peptide vaccine in patients with HCC after surgery or radiofrequency ablation (adjuvant setting). We are currently evaluating a third trial involving liver biopsies removed from patients with advanced HCC before and after GPC3-derived peptide vaccination. We expect that the results of these trials will result in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nobuoka
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa, Japan
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18
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Phung Y, Gao W, Man YG, Nagata S, Ho M. High-affinity monoclonal antibodies to cell surface tumor antigen glypican-3 generated through a combination of peptide immunization and flow cytometry screening. MAbs 2012; 4:592-9. [PMID: 22820551 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.20933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolating high-affinity antibodies against native tumor antigens on the cell surface is not straightforward using standard hybridoma procedures. Here, we describe a combination method of synthetic peptide immunization and high-throughput flow cytometry screening to efficiently isolate hybridomas for cell binding. Using this method, we identified high-affinity monoclonal antibodies specific for the native form of glypcian-3 (GPC3), a target heterogeneously expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers. We isolated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (YP6, YP7, YP8, YP9 and YP9.1) for cell surface binding. The antibodies were used to characterize GPC3 protein expression in human liver cancer cell lines and tissues by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The best antibody (YP7) bound cell surface-associated GPC3 with equilibrium dissociation constant, KD = 0.3 nmol/L and was highly specific for HCC, not normal tissues or other forms of primary liver cancers (such as cholangiocarcinoma). Interestingly, the new antibody was highly sensitive in that it detected GPC3 in low expression ovarian clear cell carcinoma and melanoma cells. The YP7 antibody exhibited significant HCC xenograft tumor growth inhibition in nude mice. These results describe an improved method for producing high-affinity monoclonal antibodies to cell surface tumor antigens and represent a general approach to isolate therapeutic antibodies against cancer. The new high-affinity antibodies described here have significant potential for GPC3-expressing cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Phung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Sawada Y, Yoshikawa T, Nobuoka D, Shirakawa H, Kuronuma T, Motomura Y, Mizuno S, Ishii H, Nakachi K, Konishi M, Nakagohri T, Takahashi S, Gotohda N, Takayama T, Yamao K, Uesaka K, Furuse J, Kinoshita T, Nakatsura T. Phase I trial of a glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: immunologic evidence and potential for improving overall survival. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3686-96. [PMID: 22577059 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The carcinoembryonic antigen glypican-3 (GPC3) is an ideal target of anticancer immunotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this nonrandomized, open-label, phase I clinical trial, we analyzed the safety and efficacy of GPC3 peptide vaccination in patients with advanced HCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty-three patients with advanced HCC underwent GPC3 peptide vaccination (intradermal injections on days 1, 15, and 29 with dose escalation). The primary endpoint was the safety of GPC3 peptide vaccination. The secondary endpoints were immune response, as measured by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, and the clinical outcomes tumor response, time to tumor progression, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS GPC3 vaccination was well-tolerated. One patient showed a partial response, and 19 patients showed stable disease 2 months after initiation of treatment. Four of the 19 patients with stable disease had tumor necrosis or regression that did not meet the criteria for a partial response. Levels of the tumor markers α-fetoprotein and/or des-γ-carboxy prothrombin temporarily decreased in nine patients. The GPC3 peptide vaccine induced a GPC3-specific CTL response in 30 patients. Furthermore, GPC3-specific CTL frequency after vaccination correlated with OS. OS was significantly longer in patients with high GPC3-specific CTL frequencies (N = 15) than in those with low frequencies (N = 18; P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS GPC3-derived peptide vaccination was well-tolerated, and measurable immune responses and antitumor efficacy were noted. This is the first study to show that peptide-specific CTL frequency can be a predictive marker of OS in patients with HCC receiving peptide vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Section for Cancer Immunotherapy, Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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