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Kaur R, Suresh PK. Chemoresistance Mechanisms in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Opportunities for Drug Repurposing. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4382-4438. [PMID: 37721630 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer contributes significantly to the public health burden-associated mortality. As this form of cancer is insidious in nature, there is an inevitable diagnostic delay leading to chronic tumor development. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 80-85% of all lung cancer cases, making this neoplasia form a prevalent subset of lung carcinoma. One of the most vital aspects for proper diagnosis, prognosis, and adequate therapy is the precise classification of non-small cell lung cancer based on biomarker expression profiling. This form of biomarker profiling has provided opportunities for improvements in patient stratification, mechanistic insights, and probable druggable targets. However, numerous patients have exhibited numerous toxic side effects, tumor relapse, and development of therapy-based chemoresistance. As a result of these exacting situations, there is a dire need for efficient and effective new cancer therapeutics. De novo drug development approach is a costly and tedious endeavor, with an increased attrition rate, attributed, in part, to toxicity-related issues. Drug repurposing, on the other hand, when combined with computer-assisted systems biology approach, provides alternatives to the discovery of new, efficacious, and safe drugs. Therefore, in this review, we focus on a comparison of the conventional therapy-based chemoresistance mechanisms with the repurposed anti-cancer drugs from three different classes-anti-parasitic, anti-depressants, and anti-psychotics for cancer treatment with a primary focus on NSCLC therapeutics. Certainly, amalgamating these novel therapeutic approaches with that of the conventional drug regimen in NSCLC-affected patients will possibly complement/synergize the existing therapeutic modalities. This approach has tremendous translational significance, since it can combat drug resistance and cytotoxicity-based side effects and provides a relatively new strategy for possible application in therapy of individuals with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Kaur
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P K Suresh
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Lee R, Lee WY, Park HJ. Anticancer Effects of Mitoquinone via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4923. [PMID: 38732133 PMCID: PMC11084895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating female canine mammary gland tumors is crucial owing to their propensity for rapid progression and metastasis, significantly impacting the overall health and well-being of dogs. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), an antioxidant, has shown promise in inhibiting the migration, invasion, and clonogenicity of human breast cancer cells. Thus, we investigated MitoQ's potential anticancer properties against canine mammary gland tumor cells, CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg. MitoQ markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration of both CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg cells and induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with MitoQ led to increased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, including cleaved-caspase3, BAX, and phospho-p53. Cell cycle analysis revealed that MitoQ hindered cell progression in the G1 and S phases in CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg cells. These findings were supported using western blot analysis, demonstrating elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3, a hallmark of apoptosis, and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and cyclin D4, pivotal regulators of the cell cycle. In conclusion, MitoQ exhibits in vitro antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in canine mammary gland tumors, suggesting its potential as a preventive or therapeutic agent against canine mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
- Department Smart Life Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
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3
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Hasan A, Khamjan N, Lohani M, Mir SS. Targeted Inhibition of Hsp90 in Combination with Metformin Modulates Programmed Cell Death Pathways in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7338-7378. [PMID: 37000353 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of lung cancer is dependent on the dysregulation in the apoptotic and autophagic pathways. The intricate link between apoptosis and autophagy through shared signaling pathways complicates our understanding of how lung cancer pathophysiology is regulated. As drug resistance is the primary reason behind treatment failure, it is crucial to understand how cancer cells may respond to different therapies and integrate crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in response to them, leading to cell death or survival. Thus, in this study, we have tried to evaluate the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cell line that could be modulated by employing a combination therapy of metformin (6 mM), an anti-diabetic drug, with gedunin (12 µM), an Hsp90 inhibitor, to provide insights into the development of new cancer therapeutics. Our results demonstrated that metformin and gedunin were cytotoxic to A549 lung cancer cells. Combination of metformin and gedunin generated ROS and promoted MMP loss and DNA damage. The combination further increased the expression of AMPKα1 and promoted the nuclear localization of AMPKα1/α2. The expression of Hsp90 was downregulated, further decreasing the expression of its clients, EGFR, PIK3CA, AKT1, and AKT3. Inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway upregulated TP53 and inhibited autophagy. The combination was promoting nuclear localization of p53; however, some cytoplasmic signals were also detected. Further increase in the expression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 was observed. Thus, we concluded that the combination of metformin and gedunin upregulates apoptosis by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
- Current Address: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Nizar Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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4
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Baby K, Maity S, Mehta CH, Nayak UY, Shenoy GG, Pai KSR, Harikumar KB, Nayak Y. Computational drug repurposing of Akt-1 allosteric inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7947. [PMID: 37193898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are the predominant form of lung malignancy and the reason for the highest number of cancer-related deaths. Widespread deregulation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, has been reported in NSCLC. Allosteric Akt inhibitors bind in the space separating the Pleckstrin homology (PH) and catalytic domains, typically with tryptophan residue (Trp-80). This could decrease the regulatory site phosphorylation by stabilizing the PH-in conformation. Hence, in this study, a computational investigation was undertaken to identify allosteric Akt-1 inhibitors from FDA-approved drugs. The molecules were docked at standard precision (SP) and extra-precision (XP), followed by Prime molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on selected hits. Post XP-docking, fourteen best hits were identified from a library of 2115 optimized FDA-approved compounds, demonstrating several beneficial interactions such as pi-pi stacking, pi-cation, direct, and water-bridged hydrogen bonds with the crucial residues (Trp-80 and Tyr-272) and several amino acid residues in the allosteric ligand-binding pocket of Akt-1. Subsequent MD simulations to verify the stability of chosen drugs to the Akt-1 allosteric site showed valganciclovir, dasatinib, indacaterol, and novobiocin to have high stability. Further, predictions for possible biological interactions were performed using computational tools such as ProTox-II, CLC-Pred, and PASSOnline. The shortlisted drugs open a new class of allosteric Akt-1 inhibitors for the therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaprasad Baby
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Swastika Maity
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chetan Hasmukh Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gautham G Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Karkala Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Wang L, Han X, Li H, Lv C, Wang M. The ethyl acetate extract of Wenxia Changfu Formula inhibits the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4715. [PMID: 36949111 PMCID: PMC10033682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. With a rise in new cases worldwide each year, early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Network pharmacology provides the effective way to evaluate poly-pharmacological effects and anticancer molecular mechanisms of drugs. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of ethyl acetate extract of Wenxia Changfu Formula (WFEA) in lung adenocarcinoma by using analytical chemistry, network pharmacology and molecular biology. A total of 193 compounds were identified from WFEA, mainly including esters, phenols, ketones and alkaloids. Totally, 374 targets were regarded as potential targets of WFEA against lung adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, PI3K-AKT was found to be one of the significantly enriched signaling pathways of targets of WFEA against lung adenocarcinoma. AKT1, MMP3, CASP3 and BCL2 had strong binding effect with compound molecules of WFEA. Some combinations with the best docking binding were identified, including quercetin/oleanolic_acid/emodin/aloe_emodin/catechin-AKT1 and quercetin-MMP3. In lung adenocarcinoma cells, the WFEA inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis. Moreover, the WFEA inhibited the mRNA expression of MMP3 and Bcl-2 and promoted the mRNA expression of Caspase3. In addition, WFEA inhibited the protein phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K. The WFEA had a significant inhibitory effect on lung adenocarcinoma cells, which could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and induce cell apoptosis. The mechanism of action of WFEA may be involved in the regulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272113, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Han
- Emergency Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272113, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanfeng Lv
- Pharmacy Department, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272113, Shandong Province, China.
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6
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Machine learning-based models for genomic predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic sensitivity in cervical cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114256. [PMID: 36652730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI3K/Akt pathway involves in regulating resistance to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reflect the basic genetic variation between individuals. Random forest (RF) is one of the machine-learning models that can predict drug sensitivity with high accuracy. We applied the RF model for genomic prediction of NACT sensitivity in LACC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 259 LACC patients were separated to two groups (i) effective and (ii) ineffective NACT group, depending on the NACT response. The 24 SNPs in four genes (PTEN, PIK3CA, Akt1, and Akt2) were genotyped by the Sequenom MassArray system in these patients. We implemented the SNPs as the feature to train the RF model, calculated the feature importance using mean decreases in impurity based on the model, and further analyzed the importance of each SNP. RESULTS The importance analysis indicated that the top three SNPs (rs4558508, rs1130233, and rs7259541) and the last six loci (rs892120, rs62107593, rs34716810, rs10416620, rs41275748, and rs41275746) were all located in Akt. The patients carrying heterozygous GA in Akt2 rs4558508 had a considerably higher risk of chemoresistance than those carrying GG or AA genotype. CONCLUSION The RF model could accurately predict the response to platinum-based NACT of LACC patients. The variables of Akt2 rs4558508 and rs7259541, and Akt1 rs1130233 were major polymorphic loci for NACT inefficiency. The LACC patients carrying heterozygous GA of Akt2 rs4558508 had a significantly increased risk of chemoresistance. Akt was an important gene in PI3K/Akt pathway that could predict the response of platinum-based NACT. The study applied the basis for an individualized approach to LACC patient therapy.
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7
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Stulpinas A, Sereika M, Vitkeviciene A, Imbrasaite A, Krestnikova N, Kalvelyte AV. Crosstalk between protein kinases AKT and ERK1/2 in human lung tumor-derived cell models. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1045521. [PMID: 36686779 PMCID: PMC9848735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1045521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that cell signaling manipulation is a key strategy for anticancer therapy. Furthermore, cell state determines drug response. Thus, establishing the relationship between cell state and therapeutic sensitivity is essential for the development of cancer therapies. In the era of personalized medicine, the use of patient-derived ex vivo cell models is a promising approach in the translation of key research findings into clinics. Here, we were focused on the non-oncogene dependencies of cell resistance to anticancer treatments. Signaling-related mechanisms of response to inhibitors of MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways (regulators of key cellular functions) were investigated using a panel of patients' lung tumor-derived cell lines with various stemness- and EMT-related markers, varying degrees of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, and response to anticancer treatment. The study of interactions between kinases was the goal of our research. Although MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT interactions are thought to be cell line-specific, where oncogenic mutations have a decisive role, we demonstrated negative feedback loops between MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in all cell lines studied, regardless of genotype and phenotype differences. Our work showed that various and distinct inhibitors of ERK signaling - selumetinib, trametinib, and SCH772984 - increased AKT phosphorylation, and conversely, inhibitors of AKT - capivasertib, idelalisib, and AKT inhibitor VIII - increased ERK phosphorylation in both control and cisplatin-treated cells. Interaction between kinases, however, was dependent on cellular state. The feedback between ERK and AKT was attenuated by the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor PF573228, and in cells grown in suspension, showing the possible role of extracellular contacts in the regulation of crosstalk between kinases. Moreover, studies have shown that the interplay between MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways may be dependent on the strength of the chemotherapeutic stimulus. The study highlights the importance of spatial location of the cells and the strength of the treatment during anticancer therapy.
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8
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Amin A, Khan MA, Yu Z, Liang C. Network Pharmacology Analysis of Bioactive Components and Mechanisms of Action of Qi Wei Wan Formula for Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221120215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) and Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SCF) have been used individually and in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for treating non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Qi Wei Wan (QWW), a 2-herb TCM formula composed of AR and SCF, is used to treat blood deficiency, fatigue, and metabolic abnormalities. We speculate that QWW may be more effective in treating NSCLC than AR or SCF alone. We identified 28 bioactive compounds in QWW and 322 targets of these compounds from databases. Network pharmacology analysis was used to identify 248 putative NSCLC-related gene targets of the bioactive compounds in QWW. Common target genes were analyzed to build protein–protein interaction networks. Implicated biological functions and pathways (p53, PI3K-Akt, etc) were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses. Molecular docking of core target proteins with the key active compounds was also performed. This study identified the potential gene targets and mechanisms involved in the anti-NSCLC effects of QWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Zhang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aftab Amin
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- EnKang Pharmaceuticals (Guangzhou), Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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9
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Lv K, Kong L, Yang M, Zhang L, Chu S, Zhang L, Yu J, Zhong G, Shi Y, Wang X, Yang N. An ApoA-I Mimic Peptide of 4F Promotes SDF-1α Expression in Endothelial Cells Through PI3K/Akt/ERK/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:760908. [PMID: 35111045 PMCID: PMC8801807 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) seriously impairs the health of human beings and is manifested initially as endothelial cells (ECs) impairment and dysfunction in vascular intima, which can be alleviated through mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by stromal-cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). A strong inverse correlation between HDL and AS has been proposed. The aim of the present work is to investigate whether 4F, an apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I, major component protein of HDL) mimic peptide, can upregulate SDF-1α in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanism. The protein levels of SDF-1α were measured by ELISA assay. Protein levels of HIF-1α, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) were evaluated by Western blotting analysis. The results show that L-4F significantly upregulates protein levels of HIF-1α, Akt, and ERK, which can be inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, or ERK inhibitor, PD98059, respectively. Particularly, LY294002 can downregulate the levels of p-ERK, while PD98059 cannot suppress that of p-Akt. D-4F can upregulate the levels of HIF, p-Akt, and p-ERK in the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava from mice. These results suggest that 4F promotes SDF-1α expression in ECs through PI3K/Akt/ERK/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Lv
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shangmin Chu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jielun Yu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Weifang, China
| | - Guoshen Zhong
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhua Shi
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Weifang, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Nana Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Weifang, China
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10
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Kubczak M, Michlewska S, Bryszewska M, Aigner A, Ionov M. Nanoparticles for local delivery of siRNA in lung therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114038. [PMID: 34742826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the application of natural and synthetic, non-viral vectors for oligonucleotide delivery into the lung is presented in this review, with a special focus on lung cancer. Due to the specificity of the respiratory tract, its structure and natural barriers, the administration of drugs (especially those based on nucleic acids) is a particular challenge. Among widely tested non-viral drug and oligonucleotides carriers, synthetic polymers seem to be most promising. Unique properties of these nanoparticles allow for essentially unlimited possibilities regarding their design and modification. This gives hope that optimal nanoparticles with ideal nucleic acid carrier properties for lung cancer therapy will eventually emanate.
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11
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Liao WC, Lin TJ, Liu YC, Wei YS, Chen GY, Feng HP, Chang YF, Chang HT, Wang CL, Chi HC, Wang CI, Lin KH, Ou Yang WT, Yu CJ. Nuclear accumulation of KPNA2 impacts radioresistance through positive regulation of the PLSCR1-STAT1 loop in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:205-220. [PMID: 34773335 PMCID: PMC8748229 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the predominant histological type of lung cancer, and radiotherapy is one of the current therapeutic strategies for lung cancer treatment. Unfortunately, biological complexity and cancer heterogeneity contribute to radioresistance development. Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) is a member of the importin α family that mediates the nucleocytoplasmic transport of cargo proteins. KPNA2 overexpression is observed across cancer tissues of diverse origins. However, the role of KPNA2 in lung cancer radioresistance is unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that high expression of KPNA2 is positively correlated with radioresistance and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in lung ADC cells. Radioresistant cells exhibited nuclear accumulation of KPNA2 and its cargos (OCT4 and c‐MYC). Additionally, KPNA2 knockdown regulated CSC‐related gene expression in radioresistant cells. Next‐generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis revealed that STAT1 activation and nuclear phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) are involved in KPNA2‐mediated radioresistance. Endogenous PLSCR1 interacting with KPNA2 and PLSCR1 knockdown suppressed the radioresistance induced by KPNA2 expression. Both STAT1 and PLSCR1 were found to be positively correlated with dysregulated KPNA2 in radioresistant cells and ADC tissues. We further demonstrated a potential positive feedback loop between PLSCR1 and STAT1 in radioresistant cells, and this PLSCR1‐STAT1 loop modulates CSC characteristics. In addition, AKT1 knockdown attenuated the nuclear accumulation of KPNA2 in radioresistant lung cancer cells. Our results collectively support a mechanistic understanding of a novel role for KPNA2 in promoting radioresistance in lung ADC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chao Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ying Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Pu Feng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsinag-Cheng Chi
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Jiang H, Tang J, Qiu L, Zhang Z, Shi S, Xue L, Kui L, Huang T, Nan W, Zhou B, Zhao C, Yu M, Sun Q. Semaphorin 4D is a potential biomarker in pediatric leukemia and promotes leukemogenesis by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2021. [PMID: 33649851 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8021/html] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is associated with high invasion, poor prognosis and poor therapeutic response. However, the expression and role of Sema4D in leukemia remains unclear. The present study investigated the expression of Sema4D in pediatric leukemia and its effects in leukemia cells. The results demonstrated that Sema4D protein was highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pediatric leukemia, and high levels of soluble Sema4D were also observed in the plasma of these patients. Sema4D knockdown induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in BALL‑1 cells, while Sema4D overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. In Jurkat cells, Sema4D knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while Sema4D overexpression decreased the abundance of the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and promoted proliferation. Sema4D overexpression also increased the migratory capacity of Jurkat cells and the invasive capacity of BALL‑1 cells. The phosphorylation level of PI3K was decreased in both Sema4D knocked‑down Jurkat and BALL‑1 cells, and the phosphorylation level of ERK was decreased in Sema4D knocked‑down BALL‑1 cells. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, ERK and AKT were elevated in patients with pediatric leukemia, and were correlated to the increased Sema4D expression. Sema4D overexpression was associated with a shorter overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that Sema4D serves an important role in leukemia development by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, and it may be used as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Male
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Semaphorins/biosynthesis
- Semaphorins/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Jiang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolian Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Shi
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Liyue Kui
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Tilong Huang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Nan
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Canchun Zhao
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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13
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Jiang H, Tang J, Qiu L, Zhang Z, Shi S, Xue L, Kui L, Huang T, Nan W, Zhou B, Zhao C, Yu M, Sun Q. Semaphorin 4D is a potential biomarker in pediatric leukemia and promotes leukemogenesis by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:1. [PMID: 33649851 PMCID: PMC7877000 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is associated with high invasion, poor prognosis and poor therapeutic response. However, the expression and role of Sema4D in leukemia remains unclear. The present study investigated the expression of Sema4D in pediatric leukemia and its effects in leukemia cells. The results demonstrated that Sema4D protein was highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pediatric leukemia, and high levels of soluble Sema4D were also observed in the plasma of these patients. Sema4D knockdown induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in BALL-1 cells, while Sema4D overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. In Jurkat cells, Sema4D knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while Sema4D overexpression decreased the abundance of the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and promoted proliferation. Sema4D overexpression also increased the migratory capacity of Jurkat cells and the invasive capacity of BALL-1 cells. The phosphorylation level of PI3K was decreased in both Sema4D knocked-down Jurkat and BALL-1 cells, and the phosphorylation level of ERK was decreased in Sema4D knocked-down BALL-1 cells. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, ERK and AKT were elevated in patients with pediatric leukemia, and were correlated to the increased Sema4D expression. Sema4D overexpression was associated with a shorter overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that Sema4D serves an important role in leukemia development by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, and it may be used as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Jiang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolian Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Shi
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Liyue Kui
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Tilong Huang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Nan
- Institute of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Canchun Zhao
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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14
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Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644018. [PMID: 33628308 PMCID: PMC7886515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.
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15
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Merckaert T, Zwaenepoel O, Gevaert K, Gettemans J. An AKT2-specific nanobody that targets the hydrophobic motif induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy and loss of focal adhesions in MDA-MB-231 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111055. [PMID: 33378961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The AKT kinase family is a high-profile target for cancer therapy. Despite their high degree of homology the three AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) are non-redundant and can even have opposing functions. Small-molecule AKT inhibitors affect all three isoforms which severely limits their usefulness as research tool or therapeutic. Using AKT2-specific nanobodies we examined the function of endogenous AKT2 in breast cancer cells. Two AKT2 nanobodies (Nb8 and Nb9) modulate AKT2 and reduce MDA-MB-231 cell viability/proliferation. Nb8 binds the AKT2 hydrophobic motif and reduces IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of this site. This nanobody also affects the phosphorylation and/or expression levels of a wide range of proteins downstream of AKT, resulting in a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the induction of autophagy, a reduction in focal adhesion count and loss of stress fibers. While cell cycle progression is likely to be regulated by more than one isoform, our results indicate that both the effects on autophagy and the cytoskeleton are specific to AKT2. By using an isoform-specific nanobody we were able to map a part of the AKT2 pathway. Our results confirm AKT2 and the hydrophobic motif as targets for cancer therapy. Nb8 can be used as a research tool to study AKT2 signalling events and aid in the design of an AKT2-specific inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs Merckaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Niveditha D, Mukherjee S, Majumder S, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury S. A global transcriptomic pipeline decoding core network of genes involved in stages leading to acquisition of drug-resistance to cisplatin in osteosarcoma cells. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:1701-1711. [PMID: 30307528 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Traditional cancer therapy is focused on eradicating fast proliferating population of tumor cells. However, existing evidences suggest survival of sub-population of cancer cells that can resist chemotherapy by entering a 'persister' state of minimal growth. These cells eventually survive to produce cells resistant to drugs. The identifying of appropriate targets that can eliminate the drug-tolerant 'persisters' remains a challenge. Hence, a deeper understanding of the distinctive genetic signatures that lead to resistance is of utmost importance to design an appropriate therapy. RESULTS In this study, deep-sequencing of mRNA was performed in osteosarcoma (OS) cells, exposed to the widely used drug, cisplatin which is an integral part of current treatment regime for OS. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in (i) untreated OS; (ii) persister sub-population of cells post-drug shock; (iii) cells which evade growth bottleneck and (iv) drug-resistant cells obtained after several rounds of drug shock and revival. The transcriptomic signatures and pathways regulated in each group were compared; the transcriptomic pipeline to the acquisition of resistance was analyzed and the core network of genes altered during the process was delineated. Additionally, our transcriptomic data were compared with OS patient data obtained from Gene Ontology Omnibus. We observed a sub-set of genes to be commonly expressed in both data sets with a high correlation (0.81) in expression pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this study is uniquely designed to understand the series of genetic changes leading to the emergence of drug-resistant cells, and implications from this study have a potential therapeutic impact. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION All raw data can be accessed from GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the GEO accession number GSE86053. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Niveditha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
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17
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Wan F, Li S, Tian T, Lei Y, Zhao D, Zeng J. EXP2SL: A Machine Learning Framework for Cell-Line-Specific Synthetic Lethality Prediction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 32184722 PMCID: PMC7058988 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality (SL), an important type of genetic interaction, can provide useful insight into the target identification process for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Although several well-established SL gene pairs have been verified to be conserved in humans, most SL interactions remain cell-line specific. Here, we demonstrated that the cell-line-specific gene expression profiles derived from the shRNA perturbation experiments performed in the LINCS L1000 project can provide useful features for predicting SL interactions in human. In this paper, we developed a semi-supervised neural network-based method called EXP2SL to accurately identify SL interactions from the L1000 gene expression profiles. Through a systematic evaluation on the SL datasets of three different cell lines, we demonstrated that our model achieved better performance than the baseline methods and verified the effectiveness of using the L1000 gene expression features and the semi-supervise training technique in SL prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Wan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Information Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuya Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Information Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingzhong Tian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Information Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipin Lei
- Machine Learning Department, Silexon AI Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Information Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Information Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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18
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Xu X, Chen D, Li H, Xu R, Zhao H. Crystal Morphology Modification of 5, 5′‐Bisthiazole‐1,1′‐ dioxyhydroxyammonium Salt. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Rong Xu
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China
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19
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Hinz N, Jücker M. Distinct functions of AKT isoforms in breast cancer: a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:154. [PMID: 31752925 PMCID: PMC6873690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT, also known as protein kinase B, is a key element of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, AKT regulates the hallmarks of cancer, e.g. tumor growth, survival and invasiveness of tumor cells. After AKT was discovered in the early 1990s, further studies revealed that there are three different AKT isoforms, namely AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Despite their high similarity of 80%, the distinct AKT isoforms exert non-redundant, partly even opposing effects under physiological and pathological conditions. Breast cancer as the most common cancer entity in women, frequently shows alterations of the PI3K/AKT signaling. MAIN CONTENT A plethora of studies addressed the impact of AKT isoforms on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer as well as on therapy response and overall survival in patients. Therefore, this review aimed to give a comprehensive overview about the isoform-specific effects of AKT in breast cancer and to summarize known downstream and upstream mechanisms. Taking account of conflicting findings among the studies, the majority of the studies reported a tumor initiating role of AKT1, whereas AKT2 is mainly responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. In detail, AKT1 increases cell proliferation through cell cycle proteins like p21, p27 and cyclin D1 and impairs apoptosis e.g. via p53. On the downside AKT1 decreases migration of breast cancer cells, for instance by regulating TSC2, palladin and EMT-proteins. However, AKT2 promotes migration and invasion most notably through regulation of β-integrins, EMT-proteins and F-actin. Whilst AKT3 is associated with a negative ER-status, findings about the role of AKT3 in regulation of the key properties of breast cancer are sparse. Accordingly, AKT1 is mutated and AKT2 is amplified in some cases of breast cancer and AKT isoforms are associated with overall survival and therapy response in an isoform-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Although there are several discussed hypotheses how isoform specificity is achieved, the mechanisms behind the isoform-specific effects remain mostly unrevealed. As a consequence, further effort is necessary to achieve deeper insights into an isoform-specific AKT signaling in breast cancer and the mechanism behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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20
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Niveditha D, Sharma H, Majumder S, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury S. Transcriptomic analysis associated with reversal of cisplatin sensitivity in drug resistant osteosarcoma cells after a drug holiday. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1045. [PMID: 31690262 PMCID: PMC6833242 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the major hurdles in current cancer therapy. With the increasing occurrence of drug resistance, a paradigm shift in treatment strategy is required. Recently “medication vacation” has emerged as a unique, yet uncomplicated strategy in which withdrawal of drug pressure for certain duration allowed tumor cells to regain sensitivity to the drug. However, little is known about the molecular alterations associated with such an outcome. Methods In this study, human osteosarcoma (OS) cells resistant to the extensively used drug cisplatin, were withdrawn from drug pressure, and thereafter cytotoxic response of the cells to the drug was evaluated. We further performed next-generation RNA sequencing and compared transcriptome between parental (OS), resistant (OS-R) and the drug withdrawn (OS-DW) cells. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified, and biological association network (BAN), gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially regulated transcripts were performed to identify key events associated with withdrawal of drug pressure. Results Following drug withdrawal, the sensitivity of the cells to the drug was found to be regained. Analysis of the expression profile showed that key genes like, IRAK3, IL6ST, RELA, AKT1, FKBP1A and ADIPOQ went significantly down in OS-DW cells when compared to OS-R. Also, genes involved in Wnt signaling, PI3K-Akt, Notch signaling, and ABC transporters were drastically down-regulated in OS-DW cells compared to OS-R. Although, a very small subset of genes maintained similar expression pattern between OS, OS-R and OS-DW, nonetheless majority of the transcriptomic pattern of OS-DW was distinctively different and unique in comparison to either the drug sensitive OS or drug resistant OS-R cells. Conclusion Our data suggests that though drug withdrawal causes reversal of sensitivity, the transcriptomic pattern does not necessarily show significant match with resistant or parental control cells. We strongly believe that exploration of the molecular basis of drug holiday might facilitate additional potential alternative treatment options for aggressive and resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Niveditha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harshita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
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21
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Zhou X, Wang X, Zhou Y, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Promotes Cell Proliferation And Invasion And Suppresses Apoptosis In Hepatocellular Carcinoma By Regulating miRNA-22-3p/akt2 In Vitro And In Vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8991-9004. [PMID: 31802908 PMCID: PMC6827517 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s224521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers that is associated with cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Although remarkable progress has been made in past decades, it is still necessary to continue exploring the pathology and development of HCC. OBJECTIVE In this study, we elucidated the effect of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 on HCC development and underlying mechanisms. METHODS Clinicopathological features of HCC patients were collected and the correlations with NEAT1 expression were assessed. To determine cell activities, CCK-8, flow cytometry, invasion assays, and TUNEL assays were performed. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the related mechanism of HCC. RESULTS The results revealed that NEAT1 expression was associated with tumor size and differentiation where NEAT1 was upregulated in both HCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of NEAT1 promoted proliferation and invasion while inhibited apoptosis in HCC cells, which was opposite to the effect of NEAT1 knockdown. Also, AKT2 was increased in HCC tissues. Downregulation of AKT2 was associated with reduced cell proliferation and invasion while increased apoptosis, while overexpression of AKT2 exerted opposite roles. In addition, the expression of miRNA-22-3p displayed an inverse association with NEAT1. miRNA-22-3p mimic and inhibitor suppressed and promoted HCC development, respectively. The luciferase assay revealed that both NEAT1 and AKT2 were direct target genes of miRNA-22-3p. Furthermore, knockdown and overexpression of NEAT1 suppressed and promoted tumor growth in the HCC mouse model, which were abolished by the miRNA-22-3p inhibitor and mimic, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results demonstrate that NEAT1 promotes the development of HCC, both in vitro and in vivo, through regulating miRNA-22-3p/AKT2, and provides insight into developing a new strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichang Zhou
- Department of Intervention, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou221009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou221009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou221009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Intervention, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou221009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou221009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou221009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou215006, People’s Republic of China
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Lan L, Wang H, Yang R, Liu F, Bi Q, Wang S, Wei X, Yan H, Su R. R2-8018 reduces the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells by disturbing transactivation between M3R and EGFR. Life Sci 2019; 234:116742. [PMID: 31401315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies demonstrated that M3R antagonists reduce the proliferation of NSCLC. However, how antagonists inhibit the NSCLC proliferation and migration is still little known. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of M3R involved in the growth of NSCLC. MAIN METHODS The CRISPR/Cas9 was used to knock out (KO) the M3R gene. A real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) was used to record the proliferation of NSCLC cells. The migration and cell cycle of NSCLC cells were evaluated with scratch test and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Antibody microarray analysis was performed to detect the expression of proteins after antagonizing M3R and knocking out of M3R, subsequently some of these important proteins were verified by western blot. KEY FINDINGS The proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells were inhibited by M3R antagonist R2-8018 and knocking out of M3R. Antagonism or knocking out of M3R reduced the phosphorylation of EGFR. Moreover, c-Src and β-arrestin-1 are involved in the mechanism of how the inhibition of M3R affects EGFR in NSCLC. Further study demonstrated that PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signal pathways are involved in M3R-induced EGFR transactivation in NSCLC, and the molecules involved in the cell cycle progression and migration of NSCLC cells were identified. SIGNIFICANCE This further understanding of the relationship between M3R and NSCLC facilitates the design of therapeutic strategy with M3R antagonist as an adjuvant drug for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; 69242 Force Health Center, No. 1, Hongxing Road, Turpan, Xinjiang 838000, China
| | - Rui Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Fengqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Qingshang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Center for Drug Evaluation, NMPA. No. 128, Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haitao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
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He B, Wang B, Wang H, Zhang C, Wu Y, Fu L, Yu G. RBAK is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and promotes cell migration and invasion. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2942-2948. [PMID: 31555381 PMCID: PMC6755425 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, NCSCLC includes lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor metastasis is the major cause of mortality of patients with NSCLC. However, the mechanisms underlying NSCLC metastasis remain largely elusive. In present study, the authors focused on exploring the roles of RBAK in NSCLC. The present study demonstrated that RB-associated KRAB zinc finger (RBAK) was upregulated in NSCLC compared with non-tumorous tissues by analyzing Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. High expression of RBAK was associated with poor disease-free survival of patients with NSCLC by analyzing TCGA dataset. Furthermore, an RBAK-mediated protein-protein interaction network was constructed to reveal the potential underlying mechanisms by which RBAK drives NSCLC progression. The authors found that RBAK was involved in regulating a number of transcription factors, including androgen receptor, forkhead box A1, tumor protein 53, and E2F transcription factor 1, 2 and 4, suggesting that RBAK may have a role in regulating gene transcription. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the genes co-expressed with RBAK revealed that RBAK is involved in regulating a number of biological functions, including the Wnt signaling pathway, mRNA splicing, protein polyubiquitination, cell-cell adhesion and focal adhesion. Transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that knockdown of RBAK suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion. The present study enhances the current understanding of the important roles of RBAK in NSCLC metastasis and may provide useful information for the development of novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun He
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlin Wu
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Linhai Fu
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Guangmao Yu
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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24
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Roy NK, Monisha J, Padmavathi G, Lalhruaitluanga H, Kumar NS, Singh AK, Bordoloi D, Baruah MN, Ahmed GN, Longkumar I, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Isoform-Specific Role of Akt in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E253. [PMID: 31252679 PMCID: PMC6681224 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt) plays a very significant role in various cancers including oral cancer. However, it has three isoforms (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3) and they perform distinct functions and even play contrasting roles in different cancers. Therefore, it becomes essential to evaluate the isoform-specific role of Akt in oral cancer. In the present study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the isoform-specific role of Akt in oral cancer. The immunohistochemical analysis of oral cancer tissues showed an overexpression of Akt1 and 2 isoforms but not Akt3. Moreover, the dataset of "The Cancer Genome Atlas" for head and neck cancer has suggested the genetic alterations of Akt1 and 2 tend to be associated with the utmost poor clinical outcome in oral cancer. Further, treatment of oral cancer cells with tobacco and its components such as benzo(a)pyrene and nicotine caused increased mRNA levels of Akt1 and 2 isoforms and also enhanced the aggressiveness of oral cancer cells in terms of proliferation, and clonogenic and migration potential. Finally, silencing of Akt1 and 2 isoforms caused decreased cell survival and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Akt1/2 silencing also reduced tobacco-induced aggressiveness by decreasing the clonogenic and migration potential of oral cancer cells. Moreover, silencing of Akt1 and 2 isoforms was found to decrease the expression of proteins regulating cancer cell survival and proliferation such as cyclooxygenase-2, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1, and survivin. Thus, the important role of Akt1 and 2 isoforms have been elucidated in oral cancer with in-depth mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - H Lalhruaitluanga
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796 004, India
| | | | - Anuj Kumar Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Gazi Naseem Ahmed
- North-East Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Guwahati, Assam 781023, India
| | - Imliwati Longkumar
- North-East Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Guwahati, Assam 781023, India
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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25
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Kleemann M, Schneider H, Unger K, Bereuther J, Fischer S, Sander P, Marion Schneider E, Fischer-Posovszky P, Riedel CU, Handrick R, Otte K. Induction of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by miR-493-3p directly targeting AKT2, STK38L, HMGA2, ETS1 and E2F5. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:539-559. [PMID: 30392041 PMCID: PMC11105321 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of directed programmed cell death with a tightly regulated signalling cascade for the destruction of single cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role as fine tuners in the regulation of apoptotic processes. MiR-493-3p mimic transfection leads to the induction of apoptosis causing the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of Caspases resulting in the fragmentation of DNA in several ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Ovarian cancer shows with its pronounced heterogeneity a very high death-to-incidence ratio. A target gene analysis for miR-493-3p was performed for the investigation of underlying molecular mechanisms involved in apoptosis signalling pathways. Elevated miR-493-3p levels downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of Serine/Threonine Kinase 38 Like (STK38L), High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2) and AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (AKT2) by direct binding as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assays. Notably, the protein expression of RAF1 Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase (RAF1) was almost completely downregulated by miR-493-3p. This interaction, however, was indirect and regulated by STK38L phosphorylation. In addition, RAF1 transcription was diminished as a result of reduced transcription of ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1), another direct target of miR-493-3p. Taken together, our observations have uncovered the apoptosis inducing potential of miR-493-3p through its regulation of multiple target genes participating in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kleemann
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89079, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Helga Schneider
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Bioprocess and Analytical Development, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Philip Sander
- Division of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - E Marion Schneider
- Division of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Alee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
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26
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Qian FH, Deng X, Zhuang QX, Wei B, Zheng DD. miR‑625‑5p suppresses inflammatory responses by targeting AKT2 in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1951-1957. [PMID: 30628701 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease; however, whether microRNAs (miRs) could be used in the treatment of asthma remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR‑625‑5p in the inflammatory response of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Inflammation in the HBEC line, 16HBEC, was induced using different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which demonstrated that 1 µg/ml LPS was an appropriate concentration for further experiments. The association between protein kinase B2 (AKT2) and miR‑625‑5p was verified using a luciferase reporter assay. LPS was added to 16HBECs following the administration of miR‑625‑5p mimics or miR‑625‑5p inhibitors, and cells with silenced or overexpressed AKT2 levels. miR‑625‑5p was expressed at a high level in LPS‑activated 16HBECs. Overexpression of miR‑625‑5p inhibited interleukin (IL)‑6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α secretion in 16HBECs. Inhibition of miR‑625‑5p enhanced LPS‑induced IL‑6 and TNF‑α secretion. miR‑625‑5p negatively regulated the expression of AKT2 in 16HBECs. A dual‑luciferase reporter assay system confirmed that miR‑625‑5p directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of AKT2. Transfection with a small interfering RNA against AKT2 inhibited inhibitor of κB phosphorylation. In brief, miR‑625‑5p may protect LPS‑induced HBECs by targeting AKT2 and inhibiting the nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathway. Therefore, miR‑625‑5p may function as an inhibitor of asthma airway inflammation in HBECs by targeting AKT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Hong Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Xin Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
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27
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Enhanced targeted anticancer potential of AKT-1 siRNA, an inhibitor of Protein Kinase B, in combination with silver nanoparticle against non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Almahli H, Hadchity E, Jaballah MY, Daher R, Ghabbour HA, Kabil MM, Al-Shakliah NS, Eldehna WM. Development of novel synthesized phthalazinone-based PARP-1 inhibitors with apoptosis inducing mechanism in lung cancer. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:443-456. [PMID: 29453076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of two series of 4-phenylphthalazin-1-ones 11a-i and 4- benzylphthalazin-1-ones 16a-h as anti-lung adenocarcinoma agents with potential inhibitory activity against PARP-1. All the newly synthesized phthalazinones were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against A549 lung carcinoma cell line. Phthalazinones 11c-i and 16b, c showed significant cytotoxic activity against A549 cells at different concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) for two time intervals (24 h and 48 h). These nine phthalazinones were further examined for their inhibitory activity towards PARP-1. Compound 11c emerged as the most potent PARP-1 inhibitor with IC50 value of 97 nM, compared to that of Olaparib (IC50 = 139 nM). Furthermore, all these nine phthalazinones passed the filters of Lipinski and Veber rules, and predicted to have good pharmacokinetics properties in a theoretical kinetic study. On the other hand, western blotting in A549 cells revealed the enhanced expression of the cleaved PARP-1, alongside, with the reduced expression of pro-caspase-3 and phosphorylated AKT. In addition, ELISA assay confirmed the up-regulation of active caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels compared to the control, suggesting the activation of the apoptotic machinery in the A549 cells. Finally, molecular docking of 11c into PARP-1 active site (PDB: 5WRZ) was performed to explore the probable binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Almahli
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, P.O. Box 11829, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elie Hadchity
- Anti-Tumor Therapeutic Targeting Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Maiy Y Jaballah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Racha Daher
- Anti-Tumor Therapeutic Targeting Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maha M Kabil
- Department of Infection Control, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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29
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Suman S, Das TP, Moselhy J, Pal D, Kolluru V, Alatassi H, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Oral administration of withaferin A inhibits carcinogenesis of prostate in TRAMP model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53751-53761. [PMID: 27447565 PMCID: PMC5288218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that withaferin A (WA), a natural compound, deters prostate cancer by inhibiting AKT while inducing apoptosis. In the current study, we examined its chemopreventive efficacy against carcinogenesis in the prostate using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Two distinct sets of experiments were conducted. To determine whether WA delays tumor progression, it was given before cancer onset, at week 6, and until week 44. To determine its effect after the onset of prostate cancer, it was given from weeks 12 to 35. In both strategies, oral administration of WA effectively suppressed tumor burden when compared to vehicle-treated animals. No toxicity was seen in treated animals at gross pathological examination. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of tumor sections revealed that in TRAMP controls, AKT and pAKT were highly expressed while nuclear FOXO3a and Par-4 were downregulated. On the contrary, treated mice showed inhibition of AKT signaling and activation of FOX03a-Par-4-induced cell death. They also displayed inhibition of mesenchymal markers such as β-catenin, vimentin, and snail as well as upregulation of E-cadherin. Because expressions of the angiogenic markers factor VIII and retic were downregulated, an anti-angiogenic role of WA is suggested. Overall, our results suggest that WA could be a promising anti-cancer agent that effectively inhibits carcinogenesis of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Suman
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Trinath P Das
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jim Moselhy
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Deeksha Pal
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Houda Alatassi
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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30
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Shin KM, Hong MJ, Lee SY, Jin CC, Baek SA, Lee JH, Choi JE, Kang HG, Lee WK, Seok Y, Lee EB, Jeong JY, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kim YC, Oh IJ, Na KJ, Cho S, Jheon S, Park JY. Regulatory variants in cancer-related pathway genes predict survival of patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. Gene 2017; 646:56-63. [PMID: 29289609 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted this study to identify genetic variants in cancer-related pathway genes which can predict prognosis of NSCLC patients after surgery, using a comprehensive list of regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) prioritized by RegulomeDB. METHOD A total of 509 potentially functional SNPs in cancer-related pathway genes selected from RegulomeDB were evaluated. These SNPs were analyzed in a discovery set (n=354), and a replication study was performed in an independent set (n=772). The association of the SNPs with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. RESULTS In the discovery set, 76 SNPs were significantly associated with OS or DFS. Among the 76 SNPs, the association was consistently observed for 5 SNPs (ERCC1 rs2298881C>A, BRCA2 rs3092989G>A, NELFE rs440454C>T, PPP2R4 rs2541164G>A, and LTBP4 rs3786527G>A) in the validation set. In combined analysis, ERCC1 rs2298881C>A, BRCA2 rs3092989, NELFE rs440454C>T, and PPP2R4 rs2541164G>A were significantly associated with OS and DFS (adjusted HR ·aHR· for OS=1.46, 0.62, 078, and 0.76, respectively; P=0.003, 0.002, 0.007, and 0.003 respectively; and aHR for DFS=1.27, 0.69, 0.86, and 0.82, respectively; P=0.02, 0.002, 0.03, and 0.008, respectively). The LTBP4 rs3786527G>A was significantly associated with better OS (aHR=0.75; P=0.003). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that five SNPs in the cancer-related pathway genes may be useful for the prediction of the prognosis in patients with surgically resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Cheng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaboration Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital and Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yangki Seok
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Joo Na
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Othman N, Nagoor NH. miR-608 regulates apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma via regulation of AKT2. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1757-1764. [PMID: 29075783 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major health problem with a low 5-year survival rate of patients. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) are prevalent in lung cancer and these aberrations play a significant role in the progression of tumour progression. In the present study, bioinformatics analyses was employed to predict potential miR-608 targets, which are associated with signaling pathways involved in cancer. Luciferase reporter assay identified AKT2 as a novel target of miR-608, and suppression of its protein levels was validated through western blot analysis. Zebrafish embryos were microinjected with cells transfected with miR-608 to elucidate the role of miR-608 in vivo, and immunostained with antibodies to detect activated caspase-3. We present the first evidence that miR-608 behaves as a tumour suppressor in A549 and SK-LU-1 cells through the regulation of AKT2, suggesting that selective targeting of AKT2 via miR-608 may be developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for miRNA-based non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norahayu Othman
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang L, Huang D, Jiang Z, Luo Y, Norris C, Zhang M, Tian X, Tang Y. Akt3 is responsible for the survival and proliferation of embryonic stem cells. Biol Open 2017; 6:850-861. [PMID: 28483982 PMCID: PMC5483023 DOI: 10.1242/bio.024505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) pathway plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, metabolism, and survival. However, the distinct roles of Akt isoforms (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3) in pluripotent stem cell maintenance are not fully defined. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we show that direct inhibition of Akt activity leads to ESC apoptosis. The Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, activity specifically regulates this effect. Inhibiting Akt3 also leads to a cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. These regulatory roles of Akt3 are dependent on its kinase activity. Blocking the expression of Akt1 plus Akt2 in ESCs does not affect cell survival or proliferation, although blocking Akt1 aggravates the apoptotic effect induced by depletion of Akt3. We further show that blocking Akt3 in ESCs results in significant nuclear accumulation of p53, as well as the activation of its downstream targets, such as Mdm2, p21, and Fas. Inhibiting p53 and its downstream targets partially rescued the effects caused by Akt3-depletion. Our results revealed an Akt3 isoform-specific mechanism for ESC survival and proliferation involving the control of p53 activity. Summary: We identified that Akt isoform 3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, specifically regulates embryonic stem cell survival and proliferation. Mechanistically, this is achieved partially through controlling the p53 pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Delun Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Carol Norris
- Center for Open Research Resources and Equipment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuchun Tian
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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78495111110.3390/cancers9050052" />
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Wee P, Wang Z. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050052. [PMID: 28513565 PMCID: PMC5447962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Franks SE, Briah R, Jones RA, Moorehead RA. Unique roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in IGF-IR mediated lung tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3297-316. [PMID: 26654940 PMCID: PMC4823107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT is a serine-threonine kinase that becomes hyperactivated in a number of cancers including lung cancer. Based on AKT's association with malignancy, molecules targeting AKT have entered clinical trials for solid tumors including lung cancer. However, the AKT inhibitors being evaluated in clinical trials indiscriminately inhibit all three AKT isoforms (AKT1-3) and it remains unclear whether AKT isoforms have overlapping or divergent functions. Using a transgenic mouse model where IGF-IR overexpression drives lung tumorigenesis, we found that loss of Akt1 inhibited while loss of Akt2 enhanced lung tumor development. Lung tumors that developed in the absence of Akt2 were less likely to appear as discrete nodules and more frequently displayed a dispersed growth pattern. RNA sequencing revealed a number of genes differentially expressed in lung tumors lacking Akt2 and five of these genes, Actc1, Bpifa1, Mmp2, Ntrk2, and Scgb3a2 have been implicated in human lung cancer. Using 2 human lung cancer cell lines, we observed that a selective AKT1 inhibitor, A-674563, was a more potent regulator of cell survival than the pan-AKT inhibitor, MK-2206. This study suggests that compounds selectively targeting AKT1 may prove more effective than compounds that inhibit all three AKT isoforms at least in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elizabeth Franks
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ritesh Briah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Xia H, Zhao YN, Yu CH, Zhao YL, Liu Y. Inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis in experimental non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 783:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ruigrok MJR, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Pulmonary administration of small interfering RNA: The route to go? J Control Release 2016; 235:14-23. [PMID: 27235976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), which is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, researchers have been studying the therapeutic potential of using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to treat diseases that are characterized by excessive gene expression. Excessive gene expression can be particularly harmful if it occurs in a vulnerable organ such as the lungs as they are essential for physiological respiration. Consequently, RNAi could offer an approach to treat such lung diseases. Parenteral administration of siRNA has been shown to be difficult due to degradation by nucleases in the systemic circulation and excretion by the kidneys. To avoid these issues and to achieve local delivery and local effects, pulmonary administration has been proposed as an alternative administration route. Regarding this application, various animal studies have been conducted over the past few years. Therefore, this review presents a critical analysis of publications where pulmonary administration of siRNA in animals has been reported. Such an analysis is necessary to determine the feasibility of this administration route and to define directions for future research. First, we provide background information on lungs, pulmonary administration, and delivery vectors. Thereafter, we present and discuss relevant animal studies. Though nearly all publications reported positive outcomes, several reoccurring challenges were identified. They relate to 1) the necessity, efficacy, and safety of delivery vectors, 2) the biodistribution of siRNA in tissues other than the lungs, 3) the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo models, and 4) the long-term effects upon (repeated) administration of siRNA. Finally, we present recommendations for future research to define the route to go: towards safer and more effective pulmonary administration of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J R Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Kim M, Kim YY, Jee HJ, Bae SS, Jeong NY, Um JH, Yun J. Akt3 knockdown induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:447-53. [PMID: 26972278 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/PKB plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and survival. However, the isotype-specific roles of Akt in mitochondrial function have not been fully addressed. In this study, we explored the role of Akt in mitochondrial function after stable knockdown of the Akt isoforms in EJ human bladder cancer cells. We found that the mitochondrial mass was significantly increased in the Akt1- and Akt3-knockdown cells, and this increase was accompanied by an increase in TFAM and NRF1. Akt2 knockdown did not cause a similar effect. Interestingly, Akt3 knockdown also led to severe structural defects in the mitochondria, an increase in doxorubicin-induced senescence, and impairment of cell proliferation in galactose medium. Consistent with these observations, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was significantly reduced in the Akt3-knockdown cells. An Akt3 deficiency-induced decrease in mitochondrial respiration was also observed in A549 lung cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the Akt isoforms play distinct roles in mitochondrial function and that Akt3 is critical for proper mitochondrial respiration in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea
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Inhibition of AKT promotes FOXO3a-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2111. [PMID: 26913603 PMCID: PMC4849149 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor-induced activation of protein kinase-B (PKB), also known as AKT, induces pro-survival signaling and inhibits activation of pro-apoptotic signaling molecules including the Forkhead box O-3a (FOXO3a) transcription factor and caspase in transformed prostate cells in vitro. Earlier we reported that Withaferin-A (WA), a small herbal molecule, induces pro-apoptotic response-4 (Par-4) mediated apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that inhibition of AKT facilitates nuclear shuttling of FOXO3a where it regulates Par-4 transcription in CRPC cells. FOXO3a is upstream of Par-4 signaling, which is required for induction of apoptosis in CRPC cells. Promoter bashing studies and Ch-IP analysis confirm a direct interaction of FOXO3a and Par-4; a sequential deletion of FOXO3a-binding sites in the Par-4 promoter fails to induce Par-4 activation. To confirm these observations, we either overexpressed AKT or silenced FOXO3a activation in CRPC cells. Both methods inhibit Par-4 function and apoptosis is significantly compromised. In xenograft tumors derived from AKT-overexpressed CRPC cells, FOXO3a and Par-4 expression is downregulated, leading to aggressive tumor growth. Oral administration of WA to mice with xenograft tumors restores FOXO3a-mediated Par-4 functions and results in inhibited tumor growth. Finally, an inverse correlation of nuclear localization of AKT expression corresponds to cytoplasmic Par-4 localization in human prostate tissue array. Our studies suggest that Par-4 is one of the key transcriptional targets of FOXO3a, and Par-4 activation is required for induction of apoptosis in CRPC cells. Activation of FOXO3a appears to be an attractive target for the treatment of CRPC and molecules such as WA can be explored further for the treatment of CRPC.
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Guo L, Wu H, Zhu J, Zhang C, Ma J, Lan J, Xie X. Genetic variations in the PI3K/AKT pathway predict platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic sensitivity in squamous cervical cancer. Life Sci 2015; 143:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yu SH, Zhang CL, Dong FS, Zhang YM. miR-99a suppresses the metastasis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting AKT1 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:268-76. [PMID: 25187230 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, several studies have shown that miR-99a is downregulated in various cancers, which can affect tumor initiation and maintenance. Herein, we found that miR-99a was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and suppressed tumor metastasis of NSCLC cells. Down-regulation of miR-99a is significantly associated with last-stage and tumor metastasis in NSCLC patients. Further functional experiments found that overexpression of miR-99a inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and tumor metastasis of NSCLC in vivo. In addition, we also found that AKT1 is directly involved in miR-99a-mediated tumor suppression. Restored the expression of AKT1 partially abolished the suppressive effects miR-99a on proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-99a plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of NSCLC and may serve as a therapeutic target to avoid dissemination of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-huan Yu
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Helongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
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LIM HYUNSOOK, KANG YONGJUNG, SUNG BOKYUNG, KIM SEONHEE, KIM MINJEONG, KIM HYERIM, KIM SEONGJIN, CHOI YUNGHYUN, MOON HYUNGRYONG, CHUNG HAEYOUNG, KIM NAMDEUK. Novel dihydrobenzofuro[4,5-b][1,8]naphthyridin-6-one derivative, MHY-449, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the downregulation of Akt in human lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2431-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Attoub S, Arafat K, Kamel Hammadi N, Mester J, Gaben AM. Akt2 knock-down reveals its contribution to human lung cancer cell proliferation, growth, motility, invasion and endothelial cell tube formation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12759. [PMID: 26234648 PMCID: PMC4522680 DOI: 10.1038/srep12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Akt/PKB serine/threonine protein kinase consists of three isoforms: Akt-1, -2 and -3. Their overexpression has been detected in human cancers, but their roles in cancer progression are unclear. We investigated the impact of specific silencing of Akt1 and Akt2 on human lung cancer cell proliferation, colony growth, motility, and invasion in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo using human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cells LNM35, and on the vascular tube formation using HUVEC cells. Although silencing of Akt1 decreased cellular invasion at least in part via COX-2 inhibition, it had almost no effect on cell motility, proliferation, colony formation, and angiogenesis. Transient as well as stable silencing of Akt2 resulted in a strong inhibition of Rb phosphorylation associated with a decrease in cellular proliferation and colony formation, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth in the xenograft model. Silencing of Akt2 also reduced cellular motility and invasion in vitro, presumably via COX-2 inhibition. Moreover, silencing of Akt2 in the HUVEC cells resulted in the inhibition of their spontaneous angiogenic phenotype. Altogether, these results indicate that Akt2 plays an important role in lung cancer progression and can be a promising target for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, UAE University, P. O. Box: 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,INSERM U673 and U938, Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid Tumors, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, UAE University, P. O. Box: 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasseredine Kamel Hammadi
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, UAE University, P. O. Box: 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jan Mester
- INSERM U673 and U938, Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid Tumors, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Anne-Marie Gaben
- INSERM U673 and U938, Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid Tumors, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
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Wang WJ, Wang Y, Hou PP, Li FW, Zhou B, Chen HZ, Bian XL, Cai QX, Xing YZ, He JP, Zhang H, Huang PQ, Lin T, Wu Q. Induction of Autophagic Death in Cancer Cells by Agonizing TR3 and Attenuating Akt2 Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1040-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Combining AKT inhibition with chloroquine and gefitinib prevents compensatory autophagy and induces cell death in EGFR mutated NSCLC cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4765-78. [PMID: 24946858 PMCID: PMC4148097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation positive (EGFR M+) tumors initially respond well to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy, the responses are usually incomplete. In this study we show that AKT inhibition, most importantly AKT2 inhibition, synergises with EGFR TKI inhibition to increase cell killing in EGFR M+ NSCLC cells. However, our data also suggest that the synergistic pro-apoptotic effects may be stunted due to a prosurvival autophagy response induced by AKT inhibition. Consequently, inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine significantly enhanced tumor cell death induced by gefitinib and AKT inhibitors in EGFR M+ cells in vitro, and produced greater tumor shrinkage in EGFR M+ xenografts in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that adding chloroquine to EGFR and AKT inhibition has the potential to improve tumor responses in EGFR M+ NSCLC, and that selective targeting of AKT2 may provide a new treatment option in NSCLC.
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Gambhir S, Vyas D, Hollis M, Aekka A, Vyas A. Nuclear factor kappa B role in inflammation associated gastrointestinal malignancies. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3174-3183. [PMID: 25805923 PMCID: PMC4363746 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has an established role in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. NF-κB is also involved in critical mechanisms connecting inflammation and cancer development. Recent investigations suggest that the NF-κB signaling cascade may be the central mediator of gastrointestinal malignancies including esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will explore NF-κB’s function in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal malignancies, highlighting its oncogenic contribution to each step of carcinogenesis. NF-κB’s role in the inflammation-to-carcinoma sequence in gastrointestinal malignancies warrants stronger emphasis upon targeting this pathway in achieving greater therapeutic efficacy.
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Liu C, Yang H, Xu Z, Li D, Zhou M, Xiao K, Shi Z, Zhu L, Yang L, Zhou R. microRNA-548l is involved in the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting the AKT1 signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:431-41. [PMID: 25245053 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE microRNAs (miRNAs) have been documented playing a critical role in cancer development and progression. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-548l in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) migration and invasion. METHODS microRNAs microarray analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs between various metastatic levels of NSCLC cells and further confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. To facilitate the delineation of the role of selected miR-548l in NSCLC pathology, we detected its expression in 22 NSCLC tissues. Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis effects of the miRNA were evaluated using MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing and invasion assay following transfection with mimics and inhibitors. Luciferase assay and Western blot analysis were performed to assess miR-548l binding to AKT1 gene. AKT1 expression in the clinical tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The results showed a negative relationship between miR-548l expression and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Functional assays showed that over-expression of miR-548l suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion. Luciferase assays confirmed that miR-548l could directly bind to the 3' untranslated region of AKT1. Further data showed that the over-expression of AKT1 could rescue the effects of miR-548l in NSCLC cells, and the miR-548l expression was inversely correlated with AKT1 expression in NSCLC tissues. These results indicated that AKT1 was involved in miR-548l-induced suppression of NSCLC cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSION These results suggested that miR-548l may play a causal role through AKT1 in NSCLC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Tang Y, Jiang Z, Luo Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Norris C, Tian XC. Differential effects of Akt isoforms on somatic cell reprogramming. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3998-4008. [PMID: 25037569 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.150029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation and survival. The specific roles of the three Akt isoforms in somatic cell reprogramming have not been investigated. Here we report that, during iPSC generation, enhanced Akt1 activity promotes complete reprogramming mainly through increased activation of Stat3 in concert with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and, to a lesser extent, through promotion of colony formation. Akt1 augments Stat3 activity through activation of mTOR and upregulation of LIF receptor expression. Similarly, enhanced Akt2 or Akt3 activation also promotes reprogramming and coordinates with LIF to activate Stat3. Blocking Akt1 or Akt3 but not Akt2 expression prohibits cell proliferation and reprogramming. Furthermore, the halt in cell proliferation and reprogramming caused by mTOR and Akt inhibitors can be reversed by inhibition of GSK3. Finally, we found that expressing the GSK3β target Esrrb overrides inhibition of Akt and restores reprogramming. Our data demonstrated that during reprogramming, Akt promotes establishment of pluripotency through co-stimulation of Stat3 activity with LIF. Akt1 and Akt3 are essential for the proliferation of reprogrammed cells, and Esrrb supports cell proliferation and complete reprogramming during Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Carol Norris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology/Biotechnology and Bioservices Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiuchun Cindy Tian
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Zhu Y, Zhou J, Ji Y, Yu B. Elevated expression of AKT2 correlates with disease severity and poor prognosis in human osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:737-42. [PMID: 24919955 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of AKT kinase family are central modulators in numerous signaling cascades, which regulate metabolism, cell proliferation, survival and growth. Previously, the knockdown of AKT2 expression has been demonstrated to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma. However, it is currently unknown whether the aberrant expression of AKT2 has relevance to the progression of osteosarcoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of AKT2 in osteosarcoma. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded osteosarcoma and self-paired non-cancerous bone tissue samples were obtained from 126 patients with osteosarcomas. AKT2 expression was detected by an immunohistochemistry assay. Patient survival rates were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox regression was adopted for multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors to examine the effect of AKT on event-free survival and overall survival in patients with osteosarcomas. AKT2 expression in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous bone tissues (immunostaining score, 6.39±1.62 vs. 3.46±1.03; P<0.001). In addition, the elevated expression of AKT2 protein was significantly associated with positive recurrence (P=0.023), the presence of metastasis (P=0.006) and poor response to chemotherapy (P=0.015). Furthermore, patients with high AKT2 expression had significantly shorter event-free survival (P<0.001) and overall survival times (P<0.001) than those with lower expression levels. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that AKT2 expression (P=0.029 and 0.016, respectively), the status of recurrence (P=0.018 and 0.012, respectively) and metastasis (P=0.020 and 0.015, respectively), and the response to chemotherapy (P=0.011 and 0.008, respectively) were all independent prognostic factors for event-free survival and overall survival time. To the best of our knowledge, these data have supported the findings for the first time, that the elevated expression of AKT2 may be associated with aggressive clinical behavior and poor outcome in patients with osteosarcomas. Therefore, AKT2 may be a candidate marker of unfavorable prognosis in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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de Araujo CB, Russo LC, Castro LM, Forti FL, do Monte ER, Rioli V, Gozzo FC, Colquhoun A, Ferro ES. A novel intracellular peptide derived from g1/s cyclin d2 induces cell death. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16711-26. [PMID: 24764300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular peptides are constantly produced by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and many are probably functional. Here, the peptide WELVVLGKL (pep5) from G1/S-specific cyclin D2 showed a 2-fold increase during the S phase of HeLa cell cycle. pep5 (25-100 μm) induced cell death in several tumor cells only when it was fused to a cell-penetrating peptide (pep5-cpp), suggesting its intracellular function. In vivo, pep5-cpp reduced the volume of the rat C6 glioblastoma by almost 50%. The tryptophan at the N terminus of pep5 is essential for its cell death activity, and N terminus acetylation reduced the potency of pep5-cpp. WELVVL is the minimal active sequence of pep5, whereas Leu-Ala substitutions totally abolished pep5 cell death activity. Findings from the initial characterization of the cell death/signaling mechanism of pep5 include caspase 3/7 and 9 activation, inhibition of Akt2 phosphorylation, activation of p38α and -γ, and inhibition of proteasome activity. Further pharmacological analyses suggest that pep5 can trigger cell death by distinctive pathways, which can be blocked by IM-54 or a combination of necrostatin-1 and q-VD-OPh. These data further support the biological and pharmacological potential of intracellular peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian C Russo
- the Department of Biochemistry, Support Center for Research in Proteolysis and Cell Signaling (NAPPS), Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio L Forti
- the Department of Biochemistry, Support Center for Research in Proteolysis and Cell Signaling (NAPPS), Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Rioli
- the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (LETA), Center of Toxins, Immune Response, and Cell Signaling (CETICS), Butantan Institute, 05503-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and
| | - Fabio C Gozzo
- the Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alison Colquhoun
- Cell Biology and Development, Support Center for Research in Proteolysis and Cell Signaling (NAPPS), Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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