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Yang J, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Gao Y, Xiang B, Wei Q. The immunostimulatory effects and pro-apoptotic activity of rhCNB against Lewis lung cancer is mediated by Toll-like receptor 4. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4441-4453. [PMID: 31218844 PMCID: PMC6675711 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human calcineurin B subunit (rhCNB) has been shown to be an immune‐stimulatory protein promoting cytokine production and inducing phenotypic maturation of Dendritic cells (DCs). In vivo, it has good antitumor efficacy, and has potential as an antitumor drug. Exogenous rhCNB was found to be internalized into tumor cells via the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex, but it was not known whether its immuno‐modulatory and antitumor functions involved entry by this same route. Methods The production and secretion of the cytokines and chemokines in innate immune cells induced by rhCNB were determined by ELISA, and the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHCII was analyzed by FACs. Experimental Lewis lung cancer (LLC) model was prepared in C57 BL/6 wild‐type (WT) mice, TLR4−/− mice or their littermates by the inoculation of LLCs in their right armpit, and then administrated daily intraperitoneal injections (0.2 mL) of normal saline, rhCNB 20 mg/kg, and rhCNB 40 mg/kg, respectively. Results Recombinant human calcineurin B subunit promoted the production of antitumor cytokines by innate immune cells, and culture supernatants of rhCNB‐stimulated immune cells induced apoptosis of LLCs. In addition, rhCNB up‐regulated CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHCII expression in macrophages and DCs in TLR4+ cells but failed to do so in TLR4 deficient cells. rhCNB also induced the formation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in splenocytes from WT mice, but not from TLR4‐deficient littermates. Intraperitoneal administration of WT C57BL/6 mice with rhCNB resulted in a 50% reduction in LLC tumor growth, but failed to inhibit tumor growth in TLR4−/− littermates. Conclusions The in vivo antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of rhCNB are mediated by the TLR4. This conclusion is important for the further understanding and development of rhCNB as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yang J, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Qin N, Wei Q. Identification of a targeting-delivery peptide based on rhCNB. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3159. [PMID: 30843319 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin B subunit (CNB) is the regulatory subunit of calcineurin (CN), and its classical function is to regulate the activity of CN. Research in our laboratory has revealed that the recombinant human CNB (rhCNB) is a good antitumor candidate and can be internalized by tumor cells via TLR4 receptor complexes and targeted to tumor tissue in nude mice. However, the fragment or domain of rhCNB mediating internalization and target delivery has not been identified. To explore fragment- mediated rhCNB internalization and target delivery, we generated truncated derivatives of rhCNBs by recombinant DNA technology and examined their cellular uptake. Interactions between truncated rhCNBs and the TLR4 receptor were studied by ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation, and targeting of model tumors in nude mice was examined. The results showed that one truncated derivative, Trun3 (124-169aa), was taken up by cells and targeted tumors with almost the same efficiency as intact rhCNB. These results indicate that Trun3 (45aa) contains the major sequence responsible for rhCNB internalization and tumor targeting and might be developed for drug delivery to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yadan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhi X, Lv J, Wei Y, Du P, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Wu R, Guo H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection stimulates innate immune signaling in the mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Can J Microbiol 2017; 64:155-166. [PMID: 29253356 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against invasion by bacterial and viral pathogens. The role of macrophages in innate immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is poorly understood. To determine the mechanism underlying activation of innate immunity after FMDV infection in macrophages, we performed FMDV infection in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and found that FMDV serotype O infection induced a cytopathic effect. We then evaluated the gene expression profile in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells after FMDV infection using systematic microarray analysis. Gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis revealed that FMDV promoted expression in a group of genes that are enriched in innate immune response and inflammatory response processes. Further research demonstrated that FMDV serotype O infection enhanced NF-κB, Toll-like, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways and proteins expression and increased transcription and expression of a series of cytokines and interferons, as proved by qRT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our study concluded that FMDV infection triggers the innate immune response in macrophages after activation of multiple innate immune pathway receptors and proteins by FMDV serotype O, resulting in activation and secretion of a series of cytokines and interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhi
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Du
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Chang
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,c College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Wu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Zhang W, Zhong Y, Cui H, Wang L, Yang R, Su Z, Xiang B, Wei Q. Combination of calcineurin B subunit (CnB) and 5-fluorouracil reverses 5-fluorouracil-induced immunosuppressive effect and enhances the antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6135-6142. [PMID: 29113258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for digestive system tumors; however, continuous use of 5-FU may cause severe side effects, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression. Our previous study revealed that calcineurin B subunit (CnB), an innovative genetic engineering antitumor protein, possesses tumor-suppressive effects with low toxicity. CnB can bind to and activate integrin αM on macrophages, subsequently promoting the expression, and secretion of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, a specific proapoptotic cytokine. In the present study, whether the combined use of CnB and 5-FU can reverse the myelosuppression, and immunosuppressive effects of 5-FU by reactivating the immune system thus increasing antitumor efficacy, was investigated. It was demonstrated that combined treatment of 5-FU and CnB led to increased tumor-suppressive effects, as indicated by reduced tumor volume and weight when compared with 5-FU or CnB treatment alone in a hepatoma xenograph model. In addition, it was demonstrated that combined treatment inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells. Notably, the addition of CnB to 5-FU-based therapy completely reversed the immunosuppressive effect of 5-FU. The spleen index and total number of white blood cells in the combination group were higher compared with that of the 5-FU alone group. Furthermore, pathological examinations indicated that CnB attenuated 5-FU-induced organ damage. Based on these findings, it is proposed that CnB may serve as a novel and promising drug candidate for the improvement of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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Hussner J, Sünwoldt J, Seibert I, Gliesche DG, Zu Schwabedissen HEM. Pimecrolimus increases the expression of interferon-inducible genes that modulate human coronary artery cells proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 784:137-46. [PMID: 27212382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics of the loaded compounds defines clinical failure or success of a drug-eluting device. Various limus derivatives have entered clinics due to the observed positive outcome after stent implantation, which is explained by their antiproliferative activity resulting from inhibition of the cytosolic immunophilin FK506-binding protein 12. Although pimecrolimus also binds to this protein, pimecrolimus-eluting stents failed in clinics. However, despite its impact on T lymphocytes little is known about the pharmacodynamics of pimecrolimus in cultured human coronary artery cells. We were able to show that pimecrolimus exerts antiproliferative activity in human smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Furthermore in those cells pimecrolimus induced transcription of interferon-inducible genes which in part are known to modulate cell proliferation. Modulation of gene expression may be part of an interaction between calcineurin, the downstream target of the pimecrolimus/FK506-binding protein 12-complex, and the toll-like receptor 4. In accordance are our findings showing that silencing of toll-like receptor 4 by siRNA in A549 a lung carcinoma cell line reduced the activation of interferon-inducible genes upon pimecrolimus treatment in those cells. Based on our findings we hypothesize that calcineurin inhibition may induce the toll-like receptor 4 mediated activation of type I interferon signaling finally inducing the observed effect in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The crosstalk of interferon and toll-like receptor signaling may be a molecular mechanism that contributed to the failure of pimecrolimus-eluting stents in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Hussner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Sünwoldt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isabell Seibert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel G Gliesche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Quan Y, Xiong L, Chen J, Zhang HY. Genetics-directed drug discovery for combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:616-621. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1157037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Le Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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7
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Yang J, Qin N, Zhang H, Yang R, Xiang B, Wei Q. Cellular uptake of exogenous calcineurin B is dependent on TLR4/MD2/CD14 complexes, and CnB is an endogenous ligand of TLR4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24346. [PMID: 27090571 PMCID: PMC4835703 DOI: 10.1038/srep24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research showed that recombinant calcineurin B (rhCnB) stimulates cytokine secretion by immune cells, probably through TLR4. Exogenous CnB can be incorporated into many different tumour cells in vitro, but the mode of uptake and receptors required remain unknown. Here, we report that exogenous CnB is taken up by cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated internalization. Our findings further confirm that uptake is mediated by the TLR4/MD2 complex together with the co-receptor CD14. The MST results revealed a high affinity between CnB and the TLR4 receptor complex. No binding was detected between CnB and LPS. CnB inhibited the uptake of LPS, and LPS also inhibited the uptake of CnB. These results indicate that the uptake of exogenous CnB did not occur through LPS and that CnB was not a chaperone of LPS. Thus, we conclude that TLR4 receptor complexes were required for the recognition and internalization of exogenous CnB. CnB could be a potential endogenous ligand of TLR4 and function as an agonist of TLR4. These properties of CnB support its potential for development as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
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Down-regulation of 5S rRNA by miR-150 and miR-383 enhances c-Myc-rpL11 interaction and inhibits proliferation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3989-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Wang X, Ren Y, Yang X, Xiong X, Han S, Ge Y, Pan W, Zhou L, Yuan Q, Yang M. miR-190a inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatoma cells via targeting the long non-coding RNA treRNA. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:4079-87. [PMID: 26608035 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
treRNA is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) involved in cancer progression. In this study, we show that miR-190a can silence treRNA post-transcriptionally. Suppression of treRNA by miR-190a led to significant changes of mesenchymal-epithelial transition markers and impaired migration and invasion capability of hepatoma cells. TCGA data indicated that miR-190a exhibited lower expression in hepatoma tissues, especially from patients with vascular tumor invasion, compared to normal tissues. Our results reveal the involvement of miR-190a-treRNA axis in hepatoma progression and shed light on lncRNA-based cancer therapies for hepatoma patients at high risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
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