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The Xanthomonas RaxH-RaxR Two-Component Regulatory System Is Orthologous to the Zinc-Responsive Pseudomonas ColS-ColR System. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071458. [PMID: 34361895 PMCID: PMC8306577 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome sequence comparisons to infer likely gene functions require accurate ortholog assignments. In Pseudomonas spp., the sensor-regulator ColS-ColR two-component regulatory system responds to zinc and other metals to control certain membrane-related functions, including lipid A remodeling. In Xanthomonas spp., three different two-component regulatory systems, RaxH-RaxR, VgrS-VgrR, and DetS-DetR, have been denoted as ColS-ColR in several different genome annotations and publications. To clarify these assignments, we compared the sensor periplasmic domain sequences and found that those from Pseudomonas ColS and Xanthomonas RaxH share a similar size as well as the location of a Glu-X-X-Glu metal ion-binding motif. Furthermore, we determined that three genes adjacent to raxRH are predicted to encode enzymes that remodel the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide. The modifications catalyzed by lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase (EptA) and lipid A 1-phosphatase (LpxE) previously were detected in lipid A from multiple Xanthomonas spp. The third gene encodes a predicted lipid A glycosyl transferase (ArnT). Together, these results indicate that the Xanthomonas RaxH-RaxR system is orthologous to the Pseudomonas ColS-ColR system that regulates lipid A remodeling. To avoid future confusion, we recommend that the terms ColS and ColR no longer be applied to Xanthomonas spp., and that the Vgr, Rax, and Det designations be used instead.
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Zheng D, Yao X, Duan M, Luo Y, Liu B, Qi P, Sun M, Ruan L. Two overlapping two-component systems in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae contribute to full fitness in rice by regulating virulence factors expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22768. [PMID: 26957113 PMCID: PMC4783713 DOI: 10.1038/srep22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are widely used by bacteria to adapt to the environment. In the present study, StoS (stress tolerance-related oxygen sensor) and SreKRS (salt response kinase, regulator, and sensor) were found to positively regulate extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production and swarming in the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Surprisingly, the absence of stoS or sreKRS did not attenuate virulence. To better understand the intrinsic functions of StoS and SreKRS, quantitative proteomics isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was employed. Consistent with stoS and sreK mutants exhibiting a similar phenotype, the signalling circuits of StoS and SreKRS overlapped. Carbohydrate metabolism proteins and chemotaxis proteins, which could be responsible for EPS and swarming regulation, respectively, were reprogrammed in stoS and sreK mutants. Moreover, StoS and SreKRS demonstrated moderate expression of the major virulence factor, hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) proteins through the HrpG-HrpX circuit. Most importantly, Xoo equipped with StoS and SreKRS outcompetes strains without StoS or SreKRS in co-infected rice and grows outside the host. Therefore, we propose that StoS and SreKRS adopt a novel strategy involving the moderation of Hrp protein expression and the promotion of EPS and motility to adapt to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Meng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Biao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lifang Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Vecino AJ, Segura RDL, de la Arada I, de la Cruz F, Goñi FM, Arrondo JL, Alkorta I. Deletion of a single helix from the transmembrane domain causes large changes in membrane insertion properties and secondary structure of the bacterial conjugation protein TrwB. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:3158-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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