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Yang X, Li Y, Wang A. Research Advances in Potyviruses: From the Laboratory Bench to the Field. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:1-29. [PMID: 33891829 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potyviruses (viruses in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) constitute the largest group of known plant-infecting RNA viruses and include many agriculturally important viruses that cause devastating epidemics and significant yield losses in many crops worldwide. Several potyviruses are recognized as the most economically important viral pathogens. Therefore, potyviruses are more studied than other groups of plant viruses. In the past decade, a large amount of knowledge has been generated to better understand potyviruses and their infection process. In this review, we list the top 10 economically important potyviruses and present a brief profile of each. We highlight recent exciting findings on the novel genome expression strategy and the biological functions of potyviral proteins and discuss recent advances in molecular plant-potyvirus interactions, particularly regarding the coevolutionary arms race. Finally, we summarize current disease control strategies, with a focus on biotechnology-based genetic resistance, and point out future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada;
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada;
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada;
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Shahriar SA, Islam MN, Chun CNW, Rahim MA, Paul NC, Uddain J, Siddiquee S. Control of Plant Viral Diseases by CRISPR/Cas9: Resistance Mechanisms, Strategies and Challenges in Food Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1264. [PMID: 34206201 PMCID: PMC8309070 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protecting food crops from viral pathogens is a significant challenge for agriculture. An integral approach to genome-editing, known as CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR associated protein 9), is used to produce virus-resistant cultivars. The CRISPR/Cas9 tool is an essential part of modern plant breeding due to its attractive features. Advances in plant breeding programs due to the incorporation of Cas9 have enabled the development of cultivars with heritable resistance to plant viruses. The resistance to viral DNA and RNA is generally provided using the Cas9 endonuclease and sgRNAs (single-guide RNAs) complex, targeting particular virus and host plant genomes by interrupting the viral cleavage or altering the plant host genome, thus reducing the replication ability of the virus. In this review, the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its application to staple food crops resistance against several destructive plant viruses are briefly described. We outline the key findings of recent Cas9 applications, including enhanced virus resistance, genetic mechanisms, research strategies, and challenges in economically important and globally cultivated food crop species. The research outcome of this emerging molecular technology can extend the development of agriculture and food security. We also describe the information gaps and address the unanswered concerns relating to plant viral resistance mediated by CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Ahmed Shahriar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - M. Nazrul Islam
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada;
| | - Charles Ng Wai Chun
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Md. Abdur Rahim
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jasim Uddain
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
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Liu Q, Hobbs HA, Domier LL. Genome-wide association study of the seed transmission rate of soybean mosaic virus and associated traits using two diverse population panels. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:3413-3424. [PMID: 31630210 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03434-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome-wide association analyses identified candidates for genes involved in restricting virus movement into embryonic tissues, suppressing virus-induced seed coat mottling and preserving yield in soybean plants infected with soybean mosaic virus. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes significant reductions in soybean yield and seed quality. Because seedborne infections can serve as primary sources of inoculum for SMV infections, resistance to SMV seed transmission provides a means to limit the impacts of SMV. In this study, two diverse population panels, Pop1 and Pop2, composed of 409 and 199 soybean plant introductions, respectively, were evaluated for SMV seed transmission rate, seed coat mottling, and seed yield from SMV-infected plants. The phenotypic data and genotypic data from the SoySNP50K dataset were analyzed using GAPIT and rrBLUP. For SMV seed transmission rate, a single locus was identified on chromosome 9 in Pop1. For SMV-induced seed coat mottling, loci were identified on chromosome 9 in Pop1 and on chromosome 3 in Pop2. For seed yield from SMV-infected plants, a single locus was identified on chromosome 3 in Pop2 that was within the map interval of a previously described quantitative trait locus for seed number. The high linkage disequilibrium regions surrounding the markers on chromosomes 3 and 9 contained a predicted nonsense-mediated RNA decay gene, multiple pectin methylesterase inhibitor genes (involved in restricting virus movement), two chalcone synthase genes, and a homolog of the yeast Rtf1 gene (involved in RNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing). The results of this study provided additional insight into the genetic architecture of these three important traits, suggested candidate genes for downstream functional validation, and suggested that genomic prediction would outperform marker-assisted selection for two of the four trait-marker associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Houston A Hobbs
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Ciuffo M, Mammella M, Vallino M, Caciagli P, Turina M. Molecular identification and biological characterization of a new potyvirus in lettuce. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2549-54. [PMID: 27287434 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A potyvirus causing necrosis and leaf distortion on lettuce was found in the Lazio region of Italy. Host range analysis showed its ability to infect only Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor in addition to some lettuce cultivars. The virus could be transmitted by aphids of the species Myzus persicae. The complete 9829-nt genome was characterized. BLAST analysis of sequence of the complete encoded polyprotein showed that the most closely related virus is asparagus virus 1, with 52 % amino acid sequence identity. These results suggest that this virus should be considered a member of a new species in the genus Potyvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciuffo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede di Torino, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Mammella
- Nunhems Italy SRL, Bayer Crop Science Vegetable Seeds, Via Ghiarone 2, 40019, Sant'Agata Bolognese, BO, Italy
| | - Marta Vallino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede di Torino, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Piero Caciagli
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede di Torino, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Turina
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede di Torino, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy.
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Zavallo D, Debat HJ, Conti G, Manacorda CA, Rodriguez MC, Asurmendi S. Differential mRNA Accumulation upon Early Arabidopsis thaliana Infection with ORMV and TMV-Cg Is Associated with Distinct Endogenous Small RNAs Level. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134719. [PMID: 26237414 PMCID: PMC4597857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in plant development and host-pathogen interactions. Several studies have highlighted the relationship between viral infections, endogenous sRNA accumulation and transcriptional changes associated with symptoms. However, few studies have described a global analysis of endogenous sRNAs by comparing related viruses at early stages of infection, especially before viral accumulation reaches systemic tissues. An sRNA high-throughput sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf samples infected either with Oilseed rape mosaic virus (ORMV) or crucifer-infecting Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-Cg) with slightly different symptomatology at two early stages of infection (2 and 4dpi) was performed. At early stages, both viral infections strongly alter the patterns of several types of endogenous sRNA species in distal tissues with no virus accumulation suggesting a systemic signaling process foregoing to virus spread. A correlation between sRNAs derived from protein coding genes and the associated mRNA transcripts was also detected, indicating that an unknown recursive mechanism is involved in a regulatory circuit encompassing this sRNA/mRNA equilibrium. This work represents the initial step in uncovering how differential accumulation of endogenous sRNAs contributes to explain the massive alteration of the transcriptome associated with plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Zavallo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Humberto Julio Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), INTA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Conti
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria Cecilia Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Asurmendi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Bordat A, Houvenaghel MC, German-Retana S. Gibson assembly: an easy way to clone potyviral full-length infectious cDNA clones expressing an ectopic VPg. Virol J 2015; 12:89. [PMID: 26070311 PMCID: PMC4475333 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approaches to simplify and accelerate the construction of full-length infectious cDNA clones for plant potyviruses have been described, based on cloning strategies involving in vitro ligation or homologous recombination in yeast. In the present study, we developed a faster and more efficient in vitro recombination system using Gibson assembly (GA), to engineer a Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) infectious clone expressing an ectopic mcherry-tagged VPg (Viral protein genome-linked) for in planta subcellular localization of the viral protein in an infection context. METHODS Three overlapping long distance PCR fragments were amplified and assembled in a single-step process based on in vitro recombination (Gibson assembly). The resulting 17.5 kbp recombinant plasmids (LMVmchVPg_Ec) were inoculated by biolistic on lettuce plants and then propagated mechanically on Nicotiana benthamiana. Confocal microscopy was used to analyze the subcellular localization of the ectopically expressed mcherry-VPg fusion protein. RESULTS The Gibson assembly allowed the cloning of the expected plasmids without any deletion. All the inoculated plants displayed symptoms characteristic of LMV infection. The majority of the mcherry fluorescent signal observed using confocal microscopy was located in the nucleus and nucleolus as expected for a potyviral VPg. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the use of the Gibson assembly method to construct full-length infectious cDNA clones of a potyvirus genome. This is also the first description of the ectopic expression of a tagged version of a potyviral VPg without affecting the viability of the recombinant potyvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bordat
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Houvenaghel
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Sylvie German-Retana
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS 20032, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Sorel M, Svanella-Dumas L, Candresse T, Acelin G, Pitarch A, Houvenaghel MC, German-Retana S. Key mutations in the cylindrical inclusion involved in lettuce mosaic virus adaptation to eIF4E-mediated resistance in lettuce. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:1014-24. [PMID: 25105805 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-14-0111-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that allelic genes mol¹ and mo1² used to protect lettuce crops against Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) correspond to mutant alleles of the gene encoding the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. LMV resistance-breaking determinants map not only to the main potyvirus virulence determinant, a genome-linked viral protein, but also to the C-terminal region of the cylindrical inclusion (CI), with a key role of amino acid at position 621. Here, we show that the propagation of several non-lettuce isolates of LMV in mo1¹ plants is accompanied by a gain of virulence correlated with the presence in the CI C terminus of a serine at position 617 and the accumulation of mutations at positions 602 or 627. Whole-genome sequencing of native and evolved isolates showed that no other mutation could be associated with adaptation to mo1 resistance. Site-directed mutagenesis pinpointed the key role in the virulence of the combination of mutations at positions 602 and 617, in addition to position 621. The impact of these mutations on the fitness of the virus was evaluated, suggesting that the durability of mo1 resistance in the field relies on the fitness cost associated with the resistance-breaking mutations, the nature of the mutations, and their potential antagonistic effects.
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Lim S, Zhao F, Yoo RH, Igori D, Lee SH, Lim HS, Moon JS. Characteristics of a Lettuce mosaic virus Isolate Infecting Lettuce in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:183-187. [PMID: 25289001 PMCID: PMC4174844 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.12.2013.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) causes disease of plants in the family Asteraceae, especially lettuce crops. LMV isolates have previously been clustered in three main groups, LMV-Yar, LMV-Greek and LMVRoW. The first two groups, LMV-Yar and LMV-Greek, have similar characteristics such as no seed-borne transmission and non-resistance-breaking. The latter one, LMV-RoW, comprising a large percentage of the LMV isolates contains two large subgroups, LMV-Common and LMV-Most. To date, however, no Korean LMV isolate has been classified and characterized. In this study, LMV-Muju, the Korean LMV isolate, was isolated from lettuce showing pale green and mottle symptoms, and its complete genome sequence was determined. Classification method of LMV isolates based on nucleotide sequence divergence of the NIb-CP junction showed that LMV-Muju was categorized as LMV-Common. LMV-Muju was more similar to LMV-O (LMV-Common subgroup) than to LMV-E (LMV-RoW group but not LMV-Common subgroup) even in the amino acid domains of HC-Pro associated with pathogenicity, and in the CI and VPg regions related to ability to overcome resistance. Taken together, LMV-Muju belongs to the LMV-Common subgroup, and is expected to be a seed-borne, non-resistance-breaking isolate. According to our analysis, all other LMV isolates not previously assigned to a subgroup were also included in the LMV-RoW group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmo Lim
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Fumei Zhao
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Ran Hee Yoo
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Davaajargal Igori
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Su-Heon Lee
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Svanella-Dumas L, Verdin E, Faure C, German-Retana S, Gognalons P, Danet JL, Marais A, Candresse T. Adaptation of lettuce mosaic virus to Catharanthus roseus involves mutations in the central domain of the VPg. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:491-7. [PMID: 24400938 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0320-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An isolate of Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV, a Potyvirus) infecting Madagascar periwinckle (Catharanthus roseus) was identified and characterized by Illumina deep sequencing. LMV-Cr has no close affinities to previously sequenced LMV isolates and represents a novel, divergent LMV clade. Inoculation experiments with other representative LMV isolates showed that they are unable to infect C. roseus, which was not known to be a host for LMV. However, three C. roseus variants of one of these isolates, LMV-AF199, could be selected and partially or completely sequenced. These variants are characterized by the accumulation of mutations affecting the C-terminal part of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) helicase and the central part of the VPg. In particular, a serine to proline mutation at amino acid 143 of the VPg was observed in all three independently selected variants and is also present in the LMV-Cr isolate, making it a prime candidate as a host-range determinant. Other mutations at VPg positions 65 and 144 could also contribute to the ability to infect C. roseus. Inoculation experiments involving a recombinant LMV expressing a permissive lettuce eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) suggest that eIF4E does not contribute to the interaction of most LMV isolates with C. roseus.
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Ge C, Lee C, Nangle E, Li J, Gardner D, Kleinhenz M, Lee J. Impact of phytopathogen infection and extreme weather stress on internalization of Salmonella Typhimurium in lettuce. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 168-169:24-31. [PMID: 24220663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Internalization of human pathogens, common in many types of fresh produce, is a threat to human health since the internalized pathogens cannot be fully inactivated/removed by washing with water or sanitizers. Given that pathogen internalization can be affected by many environmental factors, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of two types of plant stress on the internalization of Salmonella Typhimurium in iceberg lettuce during pre-harvest. The stresses were: abiotic (water stress induced by extreme weather events) and biotic (phytopathogen infection by lettuce mosaic virus [LMV]). Lettuce with and without LMV infection were purposefully contaminated with green fluorescence protein-labeled S. Typhimurium on the leaf surfaces. Lettuce was also subjected to water stress conditions (drought and storm) which were simulated by irrigating with different amounts of water. The internalized S. Typhimurium in the different parts of the lettuce were quantified by plate count and real-time quantitative PCR and confirmed with a laser scanning confocal microscope. Salmonella internalization occurred under the conditions outlined above; however internalization levels were not significantly affected by water stress alone. In contrast, the extent of culturable S. Typhimurium internalized in the leafy part of the lettuce decreased when infected with LMV under water stress conditions and contaminated with high levels of S. Typhimurium. On the other hand, LMV-infected lettuce showed a significant increase in the levels of culturable bacteria in the roots. In conclusion, internalization was observed under all experimental conditions when the lettuce surface was contaminated with S. Typhimurium. However, the extent of internalization was only affected by water stress when lettuce was infected with LMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongtao Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Choi SH, Hagiwara-Komoda Y, Nakahara KS, Atsumi G, Shimada R, Hisa Y, Naito S, Uyeda I. Quantitative and qualitative involvement of P3N-PIPO in overcoming recessive resistance against Clover yellow vein virus in pea carrying the cyv1 gene. J Virol 2013; 87:7326-37. [PMID: 23616656 PMCID: PMC3700270 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00065-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In pea carrying cyv1, a recessive gene for resistance to Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), ClYVV isolate Cl-no30 was restricted to the initially infected cells, whereas isolate 90-1 Br2 overcame this resistance. We mapped the region responsible for breaking of cyv1-mediated resistance by examining infection of cyv1 pea with chimeric viruses constructed from parts of Cl-no30 and 90-1 Br2. The breaking of resistance was attributed to the P3 cistron, which is known to produce two proteins: P3, from the main open reading frame (ORF), and P3N-PIPO, which has the N-terminal part of P3 fused to amino acids encoded by a small open reading frame (ORF) called PIPO in the +2 reading frame. We introduced point mutations that were synonymous with respect to the P3 protein but nonsynonymous with respect to the P3N-PIPO protein, and vice versa, into the chimeric viruses. Infection of plants with these mutant viruses revealed that both P3 and P3N-PIPO were involved in overcoming cyv1-mediated resistance. Moreover, P3N-PIPO quantitatively affected the virulence of Cl-no30 in cyv1 pea. Additional expression in trans of the P3N-PIPO derived from Cl-no30, using White clover mosaic virus as a vector, enabled Cl-no30 to move to systemic leaves in cyv1 pea. Susceptible pea plants infected with chimeric ClYVV possessing the P3 cistron of 90-1 Br2, and which were therefore virulent toward cyv1 pea, accumulated more P3N-PIPO than did those infected with Cl-no30, suggesting that the higher level of P3N-PIPO in infected cells contributed to the breaking of resistance by 90-1 Br2. This is the first report showing that P3N-PIPO is a virulence determinant in plants resistant to a potyvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Choi
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Wang A, Krishnaswamy S. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-mediated recessive resistance to plant viruses and its utility in crop improvement. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:795-803. [PMID: 22379950 PMCID: PMC6638641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of genetic resistance is considered to be the most effective and sustainable approach to the control of plant pathogens. Although most of the known natural resistance genes are monogenic dominant R genes that are predominant against fungi and bacteria, more and more recessive resistance genes against viruses have been cloned in the last decade. Interestingly, of the 14 natural recessive resistance genes against plant viruses that have been cloned from diverse plant species thus far, 12 encode the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or its isoform eIF(iso)4E. This review is intended to summarize the current state of knowledge about eIF4E and the possible mechanisms underlying its essential role in virus infection, and to discuss recent progress and the potential of eIF4E as a target gene in the development of genetic resistance to viruses for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Wang
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada, N5V 4T3.
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Abstract
Lettuce is frequently attacked by several viruses causing disease epidemics and considerable yield losses along the Mediterranean basin. Aphids are key pests and the major vectors of plant viruses in lettuce fields. Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) is probably the most important because it is seed-transmitted in addition to be transmissible by many aphid species that alight on the crop. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is another virus that causes severe damage since the introduction of its major vector, the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. In regions with heavy and humid soils, Lettuce Mirafiori big-vein virus (LMBVV) can also produce major yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Moreno
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Huang TS, Wei T, Laliberté JF, Wang A. A host RNA helicase-like protein, AtRH8, interacts with the potyviral genome-linked protein, VPg, associates with the virus accumulation complex, and is essential for infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:255-66. [PMID: 19880609 PMCID: PMC2799361 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.147983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The viral genome-linked protein, VPg, of potyviruses is a multifunctional protein involved in viral genome translation and replication. Previous studies have shown that both eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and eIF4G or their respective isoforms from the eIF4F complex, which modulates the initiation of protein translation, selectively interact with VPg and are required for potyvirus infection. Here, we report the identification of two DEAD-box RNA helicase-like proteins, PpDDXL and AtRH8 from peach (Prunus persica) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), respectively, both interacting with VPg. We show that AtRH8 is dispensable for plant growth and development but necessary for potyvirus infection. In potyvirus-infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissues, AtRH8 colocalizes with the chloroplast-bound virus accumulation vesicles, suggesting a possible role of AtRH8 in viral genome translation and replication. Deletion analyses of AtRH8 have identified the VPg-binding region. Comparison of this region and the corresponding region of PpDDXL suggests that they are highly conserved and share the same secondary structure. Moreover, overexpression of the VPg-binding region from either AtRH8 or PpDDXL suppresses potyvirus accumulation in infected N. benthamiana leaf tissues. Taken together, these data demonstrate that AtRH8, interacting with VPg, is a host factor required for the potyvirus infection process and that both AtRH8 and PpDDXL may be manipulated for the development of genetic resistance against potyvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aiming Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada (T.-S.H., T.W., A.W.); Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada (T.-S.H., T.W., A.W.); and Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada (J.-F.L.)
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Abdul-Razzak A, Guiraud T, Peypelut M, Walter J, Houvenaghel MC, Candresse T, LE Gall O, German-Retana S. Involvement of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein in the overcoming of an eIF4E-mediated resistance against Lettuce mosaic potyvirus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2009; 10:109-13. [PMID: 19161357 PMCID: PMC6640472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of Lettuce mosaic virus to overcome the lettuce resistance conferred by the mo1(1) and mo1(2) alleles of the gene for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) was analysed using reverse genetics. Mutations in the virus genome-linked protein (VPg) allowed mo1(1) only to be overcome, but mutations in the C-terminal portion of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein allowed both alleles to be overcome. Site-directed mutagenesis pinpointed a key role of the amino acid at position 621 in the virulence. This is the first example of the involvement of a potyviral CI protein in the breaking of an eIF4E-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Abdul-Razzak
- Interactions Plante-Virus, UMR GDPP 1090, INRA Université de Bordeaux 2, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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German-Retana S, Walter J, Doublet B, Roudet-Tavert G, Nicaise V, Lecampion C, Houvenaghel MC, Robaglia C, Michon T, Le Gall O. Mutational analysis of plant cap-binding protein eIF4E reveals key amino acids involved in biochemical functions and potyvirus infection. J Virol 2008; 82:7601-12. [PMID: 18480444 PMCID: PMC2493313 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00209-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) (the cap-binding protein) is involved in natural resistance against several potyviruses in plants. In lettuce, the recessive resistance genes mo1(1) and mo1(2) against Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) are alleles coding for forms of eIF4E unable, or less effective, to support virus accumulation. A recombinant LMV expressing the eIF4E of a susceptible lettuce variety from its genome was able to produce symptoms in mo1(1) or mo1(2) varieties. In order to identify the eIF4E amino acid residues necessary for viral infection, we constructed recombinant LMV expressing eIF4E with point mutations affecting various amino acids and compared the abilities of these eIF4E mutants to complement LMV infection in resistant plants. Three types of mutations were produced in order to affect different biochemical functions of eIF4E: cap binding, eIF4G binding, and putative interaction with other virus or host proteins. Several mutations severely reduced the ability of eIF4E to complement LMV accumulation in a resistant host and impeded essential eIF4E functions in yeast. However, the ability of eIF4E to bind a cap analogue or to fully interact with eIF4G appeared unlinked to LMV infection. In addition to providing a functional mutational map of a plant eIF4E, this suggests that the role of eIF4E in the LMV cycle might be distinct from its physiological function in cellular mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie German-Retana
- Interactions Plante-Virus, UMR GDPP 1090, INRA Université de Bordeaux 2, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
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