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Different responses to elevated temperature in the representative strains of strawberry pathogenic Colletotrichum spp.from eastern China. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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He Y, Zhao X, Zhang W, He X, Tong L. Study on the identification of resistance of rice blast based on near infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120439. [PMID: 34601366 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice Blast is the most devastating rice disease which poses a serious threat to the safe production of rice. The most effective way to prevent rice blast is to cultivate the rice varieties that have resistance to the disease, however, traditional resistance testing requires professional personnel, a tedious process, long determination time and high cost. In order to quickly identify different resistant rice seeds which are difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, a rapid non-destructive identification method based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was proposed. Four different types of resistant rice seeds (high resistance, high susceptibility, susceptibility and resistance) came from in HeiLongjiang province of China were selected as the research objects. A total of 240 spectral data (60 from each variety) were scanned by the NIR spectrometer. The BP neural network (BP), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) models were established based on the original spectral data in the full-spectrum (11520-4000 cm-1). Among all, Raw-BP has the best identification accuracy which reaches 100% with an iteration time of 869 s. After extracting the feature wavelengths by successive projections algorithm (SPA) on the spectral data, Raw-SPA-BP, Raw-SPA-SVM and Raw-SPA-PNN models were established. The accuracy of these three models didn't improve. But the iteration time of the SPA-BP model was shortened to 791 s. Another group of BP, SVM, and PNN models were established after using different spectral pretreatment methods and the SPA feature extraction. After Multivariate Scatter Correction (MSC), the accuracy of the MSC-SPA-BP model was still 100% and the iteration time was shortened to 840 s, which is 1/30 of the time at which the original data model was formed. The accuracy of the MSC-SPA-PNN model increased from 60% to 90% and the accuracy of the MSC-SPA-SVM model increased from 60% to 85%. Based on the comparison analysis of the models mentioned above, a best neural network identification model of the MSC-SPA-BP with 513 inputs, 8 hidden layers and 4 outputs was established. Its classification accuracy reached 100% with an iteration time of 29 s, indicating that the MSC-SPA-BP model can completely achieve identification of four different resistant rice seeds. Therefore, the proposed method of the BP neural network identification model based on NIRS can be fully applied to the non-destructive rapid identification of rice seeds. Meanwhile, it provides a reference for the rapid identification of other crop seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Information and Electrical Engineering College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Information and Electrical Engineering College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Information and Electrical Engineering College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Liang Tong
- Communication and Electronic Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, China
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Dave A, Ingle S. Potential of Streptomyces and Its Secondary Metabolites for Biocontrol of Fungal Plant Pathogens. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04805-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Pacios-Michelena S, Aguilar González CN, Alvarez-Perez OB, Rodriguez-Herrera R, Chávez-González M, Arredondo Valdés R, Ascacio Valdés JA, Govea Salas M, Ilyina A. Application of Streptomyces Antimicrobial Compounds for the Control of Phytopathogens. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.696518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the relevant problems in today's agriculture is related to phytopathogenic microorganisms that cause between 30–40% of crop losses. Synthetic chemical pesticides and antibiotics have brought human and environmental health problems and microbial resistance to these treatments. So, the search for natural alternatives is necessary. The genus Streptomyces have broad biotechnological potential, being a promising candidate for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic microorganisms. The efficacy of some species of this genus in plant protection and their continued presence in the intensely competitive rhizosphere is due to its great potential to produce a wide variety of soluble bioactive secondary metabolites and volatile organic compounds. However, more attention is still needed to develop novel formulations that could increase the shelf life of streptomycetes, ensuring their efficacy as a microbial pesticide. In this sense, encapsulation offers an advantageous and environmentally friendly option. The present review aims to describe some phytopathogenic microorganisms with economic importance that require biological control. In addition, it focuses mainly on the Streptomyces genus as a great producer of secondary metabolites that act on other microorganisms and plants, exercising its role as biological control. The review also covers some strategies and products based on Streptomyces and the problems of its application in the field.
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Machado LGV, Goncalves P, Barreto C, Perazzolo LM, Rosa RD. Farfantepenaeus gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides: Identification, molecular characterization and gene expression in response to fungal infections. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 182:107586. [PMID: 33812924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize, at the molecular and transcriptional levels, sequences encoding the different members of the four families of shrimp antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in species of the genus Farfantepenaeus. The identification of the AMP sequences was performed by in silico analysis as well as by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing. We identified all seven shrimp ALFs (ALF-A to ALF-G), both Type IIa and Type IIb crustins as well as two stylicins (STY1 and STY2) in Farfantepenaeus. Only two genes (PEN1/2 and PEN4) of the four-member penaeidin family (PEN1/2 to PEN5) were found and this is the first report of stylicins as well as of several additional members of ALFs, crustins and penaeidins in species of the genus Farfantepenaeus. All AMP genes have shown to be constitutively transcribed in the shrimp immune cells (hemocytes), except for ALF-G. Finally, the transcriptional profile of the different AMPs was assessed in the hemocytes of F. paulensis (pink shrimp) following an experimental infection with the opportunistic filamentous fungus Fusarium solani. We found that while the expression of ALF-B was induced at 24 h, the STY2 gene was down-regulated at 48 h post-challenge. These results provide evidence of the molecular diversity of AMPs from shrimp of the genus Farfantepenaeus in terms of sequences, biochemical properties and expression profiles in response to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Vasconcelos Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Cairé Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Hill R, Llewellyn T, Downes E, Oddy J, MacIntosh C, Kallow S, Panis B, Dickie JB, Gaya E. Seed Banks as Incidental Fungi Banks: Fungal Endophyte Diversity in Stored Seeds of Banana Wild Relatives. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643731. [PMID: 33841366 PMCID: PMC8024981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed banks were first established to conserve crop genetic diversity, but seed banking has more recently been extended to wild plants, particularly crop wild relatives (CWRs) (e.g., by the Millennium Seed Bank (MSB), Royal Botanic Gardens Kew). CWRs have been recognised as potential reservoirs of beneficial traits for our domesticated crops, and with mounting evidence of the importance of the microbiome to organismal health, it follows that the microbial communities of wild relatives could also be a valuable resource for crop resilience to environmental and pathogenic threats. Endophytic fungi reside asymptomatically inside all plant tissues and have been found to confer advantages to their plant host. Preserving the natural microbial diversity of plants could therefore represent an important secondary conservation role of seed banks. At the same time, species that are reported as endophytes may also be latent pathogens. We explored the potential of the MSB as an incidental fungal endophyte bank by assessing diversity of fungi inside stored seeds. Using banana CWRs in the genus Musa as a case-study, we sequenced an extended ITS-LSU fragment in order to delimit operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and used a similarity and phylogenetics approach for classification. Fungi were successfully detected inside just under one third of the seeds, with a few genera accounting for most of the OTUs-primarily Lasiodiplodia, Fusarium, and Aspergillus-while a large variety of rare OTUs from across the Ascomycota were isolated only once. Fusarium species were notably abundant-of significance in light of Fusarium wilt, a disease threatening global banana crops-and so were targeted for additional sequencing with the marker EF1α in order to delimit species and place them in a phylogeny of the genus. Endophyte community composition, diversity and abundance was significantly different across habitats, and we explored the relationship between community differences and seed germination/viability. Our results show that there is a previously neglected invisible fungal dimension to seed banking that could well have implications for the seed collection and storage procedures, and that collections such as the MSB are indeed a novel source of potentially useful fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Hill
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Llewellyn
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Downes
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Oddy
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona MacIntosh
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kallow
- Collections Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Ardingly, United Kingdom
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Panis
- Bioversity International, Montpellier, France
| | - John B. Dickie
- Collections Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Ardingly, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Gaya
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
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Cohen LB, Lindsay SA, Xu Y, Lin SJH, Wasserman SA. The Daisho Peptides Mediate Drosophila Defense Against a Subset of Filamentous Fungi. Front Immunol 2020; 11:9. [PMID: 32038657 PMCID: PMC6989431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections, widespread throughout the world, affect a broad range of life forms, including agriculturally relevant plants, humans, and insects. In defending against fungal infections, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster employs the Toll pathway to induce a large number of immune peptides. Some have been investigated, such as the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and Bomanins (Boms); many, however, remain uncharacterized. Here, we examine the role in innate immunity of two related peptides, Daisho1 and Daisho2 (formerly IM4 and IM14, respectively), found in hemolymph following Toll pathway activation. By generating a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of both genes, Δdaisho, we find that the Daisho peptides are required for defense against a subset of filamentous fungi, including Fusarium oxysporum, but not other Toll-inducible pathogens, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Candida glabrata. Analysis of null alleles and transgenes revealed that the two daisho genes are each required for defense, although their functions partially overlap. Generating and assaying a genomic epitope-tagged Daisho2 construct, we detected interaction in vitro of Daisho2 peptide in hemolymph with the hyphae of F. oxysporum. Together, these results identify the Daisho peptides as a new class of innate immune effectors with humoral activity against a select set of filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne B Cohen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Scott A Lindsay
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Samuel J H Lin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Steven A Wasserman
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Balthazar C, Cantin G, Novinscak A, Joly DL, Filion M. Expression of Putative Defense Responses in Cannabis Primed by Pseudomonas and/or Bacillus Strains and Infected by Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572112. [PMID: 33324431 PMCID: PMC7723895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) offers many industrial, agricultural, and medicinal applications, but is commonly threatened by the gray mold disease caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. With few effective control measures currently available, the use of beneficial rhizobacteria represents a promising biocontrol avenue for cannabis. To counter disease development, plants rely on a complex network of inducible defense pathways, allowing them to respond locally and systemically to pathogens attacks. In this study, we present the first attempt to control gray mold in cannabis using beneficial rhizobacteria, and the first investigation of cannabis defense responses at the molecular level. Four promising Pseudomonas (LBUM223 and WCS417r) and Bacillus strains (LBUM279 and LBUM979) were applied as single or combined root treatments to cannabis seedlings, which were subsequently infected by B. cinerea. Symptoms were recorded and the expression of eight putative defense genes was monitored in leaves by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The rhizobacteria did not significantly control gray mold and all infected leaves were necrotic after a week, regardless of the treatment. Similarly, no systemic activation of putative cannabis defense genes was reported, neither triggered by the pathogen nor by the rhizobacteria. However, this work identified five putative defense genes (ERF1, HEL, PAL, PR1, and PR2) that were strongly and sustainably induced locally at B. cinerea's infection sites, as well as two stably expressed reference genes (TIP41 and APT1) in cannabis. These markers will be useful in future researches exploring cannabis defense pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Balthazar
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Cantin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collège La Cité, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Novinscak
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - David L. Joly
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Martin Filion,
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