Sequencing, SNP identification and mapping of the porcine PTHLH gene to chromosome 5

Inhibited PTHLH downstream leukocyte adhesion-mediated protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation coupling Notch and JAK-STAT cascade to iron-sulfur cluster assembly-induced aging network in no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues (HBV or HCV infection) by systems-theoretical analysis

We analyzed the different biological processes and occurrence numbers between low expression inhibited PTHLH downstream-mediated aging gene ontology (GO) network of no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues (HBV or HCV infection) and the corresponding high expression (fold change ≥2) inhibited GO network of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inhibited PTHLH downstream-mediated aging network consisted of aging, branched chain family amino acid biosynthesis, cellular metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, cytolysis, 'de novo' GDP-l-fucose biosynthesis, detection of mechanical stimulus, glucose homeostasis, G-protein signaling, leukocyte adhesion, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, JAK-STAT cascade, Notch signaling pathway, nucleotide-sugar metabolism, peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation, protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation, protein amino acid phosphorylation, response to drug, rRNA processing, translational initiation, ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism, homophilic cell adhesion in no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues. We proposed inhibited PTHLH downstream leukocyte adhesion-mediated protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation coupling Notch and JAK-STAT cascade to iron-sulfur cluster assembly-induced aging network. Our hypothesis was verified by the same inhibited PTHLH downstream-mediated aging GO network in no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues with the corresponding activated GO network of HCC, or the different with the corresponding activated GO network of no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues. Inhibited PTHLH downstream leukocyte adhesion-mediated protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation coupling Notch and JAK-STAT cascade to iron-sulfur cluster assembly-induced aging network included TSTA3, ALK, CIAO1, NOTCH3 in no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues from the GEO data set using gene regulatory network inference method and our programming.

Expression study on the porcine PTHLH gene and its relationship with sow teat number

Teat number is an important trait in sows that should accompany the increase in litter size that has been achieved in the last decades through selection. We have previously identified a genome-wide significant QTL for teat number in porcine chromosome SSC5 by means of an experimental Meishan by Iberian F(2) intercross population. In the present report, we have studied the porcine parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) gene, which maps to SSC5, as a candidate gene for this trait, as PTHLH is involved in nipple formation during embryogenesis and nipple development during pregnancy and lactation. We have found that porcine PTHLH gene is transcribed into three mRNA species differing in the 5'UTR region. Two of these variants are reported in pigs here for the first time: one was similar to variant 1 described in humans while the other, which was generated by the retention of two small introns, has not been identified before in any other species. In addition, mRNA expression profile for two of the mRNA variants was assessed in 19 pig tissues. Porcine PTHLH showed a widespread expression as it was present in all tested tissues and relative expression of each variant was tissue dependent. Finally, we have performed an association study between a non-synonymous mutation in the coding region of this gene and sow teat number. The PTHLH polymorphism was segregating in our Meishan by Iberian F(2) population at intermediate allelic frequencies. We compared here six different statistical models to choose the one with a better fit and a lower degree of complexity. However, despite the potential negative effect of the PTHLH mutation in the signal peptide of this protein, we did not detect any association between the PTHLH genotype and the sow teat number phenotype, concluding that the causal mutation of the observed QTL is very likely not related to this gene.