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Huang C, Chen W, Wang X. Studies on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its impact on obesity-associated diseases. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2351-2365. [PMID: 37554175 PMCID: PMC10404889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health crisis in the past ∼50 years. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), was first reported to be positively associated with obesity in humans. Mice with more copies of the FTO gene were observed to be obese, while loss of the gene in mice was found to protect from obesity. Later, FTO was found to encode an m6A RNA demethylase and has a profound effect on many biological and metabolic processes. In this review, we first summarize recent studies that demonstrate the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of FTO in obesity and metabolic disease. Second, we discuss the ongoing debates concerning the association between FTO polymorphisms and obesity. Third, since several small molecule drugs and micronutrients have been found to regulate metabolic homeostasis through controlling the expression or activity of FTO, we highlight the broad potential of targeting FTO for obesity treatment. Improving our understanding of FTO and the underlying mechanisms may provide new approaches for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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2
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EL Nagar AG, Heddi I, Sosa-Madrid BS, Blasco A, Hernández P, Ibáñez-Escriche N. Genome-Wide Association Study of Maternal Genetic Effects on Intramuscular Fat and Fatty Acid Composition in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3071. [PMID: 37835677 PMCID: PMC10571580 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal genetic effects (MGE) could affect meat quality traits such as intramuscular fat (IMF) and its fatty acid composition. However, it has been scarcely studied, especially in rabbits. The objectives of the present study were, first, to assess the importance of MGE on intramuscular fat and fatty acid composition by applying a Bayesian maternal animal model in two rabbit lines divergently selected for IMF. The second objective was to identify genomic regions and candidate genes of MGE that are associated with the traits of these offspring, using Bayesian methods in a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Quantitative analyses were performed using data from 1982 rabbits, and 349 animals from the 9th generation and 76 dams of the 8th generation with 88,512 SNPs were used for the GWAS. The studied traits were IMF, saturated fatty acids (total SFA, C14:0; myristic acid, C16:0; palmitic acid and C18:0; stearic acid), monounsaturated fatty acids (total MUFA, C16:1n-7; palmitoleic acid and C18:1n-9; oleic acid), polyunsaturated fatty acids (total PUFA, C18:2n-6; linoleic acid, C18:3n-3; α-linolenic acid and C20:4n-6; arachidonic acid), MUFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the maternal genetic effect ranged from 8 to 22% for IMF, depending on the model. For fatty acid composition, the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by maternal genetic effects varied from 10% (C18:0) to 46% (MUFA) in a model including both direct and additive maternal genetic effects, together with the common litter effect as a random variable. In particular, there were significant direct maternal genetic correlations for C16:0, C18:1n9, C18:2n6, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA with values ranging from -0.53 to -0.89. Relevant associated genomic regions were located on the rabbit chromosomes (OCU) OCU1, OCU5 and OCU19 containing some relevant candidates (TANC2, ACE, MAP3K3, TEX2, PRKCA, SH3GL2, CNTLN, RPGRIP1L and FTO) related to lipid metabolism, binding, and obesity. These regions explained about 1.2 to 13.9% of the total genomic variance of the traits studied. Our results showed an important maternal genetic effect on IMF and its fatty acid composition in rabbits and identified promising candidate genes associated with these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman G. EL Nagar
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Imen Heddi
- Centro Regional de Selección y Reproducción Animal (CERSYRA), Av. del Vino, 10, 13300 Valdepeñas, Spain
| | - Bolívar Samuel Sosa-Madrid
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
| | - Agustín Blasco
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
| | - Pilar Hernández
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
| | - Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhang D, Zhang X, Li F, Xu D, Zhao L, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang X, Wang W. Expression features of the ovine FTO gene and association between FTO polymorphism and tail fat deposition related-traits in Hu sheep. Gene X 2022; 826:146451. [PMID: 35358654 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene is a famous dominant predictor of obesity, and plays pivotal roles in the regulating fatty acid transport and fat metabolism. In the current study, the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), DNA-pooled sequencing and KAspar assay were performed to detect the expression features of FTO and the polymorphisms of FTO associated with the tail fat weight related-traits of Hu sheep. The results indicated that the expression of FTO gene is widely expressed in the tissues tested, and the expression level of FTO in tail fat tissue was evidently higher compared with that in the other tissues. In addition, FTO showed the highest expression level in tail fat tissue at three months. The expression of FTO mRNA was lower in the large-tail fat group compared with that in the small-tail fat group in 6 months old. Subsequently, the polymorphism loci g. 23704451C > A detected in the FTO gene was confirmed to be significantly related to the tail length and the weight of tail fat. These results suggested that the polymorphism might be regarded as novel molecular marker for the breeding of small tail sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin 733300, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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4
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Ferenc K, Pilžys T, Garbicz D, Marcinkowski M, Skorobogatov O, Dylewska M, Gajewski Z, Grzesiuk E, Zabielski R. Intracellular and tissue specific expression of FTO protein in pig: changes with age, energy intake and metabolic status. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13029. [PMID: 32747736 PMCID: PMC7400765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies in the FTO gene have identified SNPs correlating with obesity and type 2 diabetes. In mice, lack of Fto function leads to intrauterine growth retardation and lean phenotype, whereas in human it is lethal. The aim of this study in a pig model was to determine the localization of the FTO protein in different tissues and cell compartments, in order to investigate potential targets of FTO action. To better understand physiological role of FTO protein, its expression was studied in pigs of different age, metabolic status and nutrition, using both microscopic methods and Western blot analysis. For the first time, FTO protein was found in vivo in the cytoplasm, of not all, but specific tissues and cells e.g. in the pancreatic β-cells. Abundant FTO protein expression was found in the cerebellum, salivary gland and kidney of adult pigs. No FTO protein expression was detected in blood, saliva, and bile, excluding its role in cell-to-cell communication. In the pancreas, FTO protein expression was positively associated with energy intake, whereas in the muscles it was strictly age-related. In IUGR piglets, FTO protein expression was much higher in the cerebellum and kidneys, as compared to normal birth body weight littermates. In conclusion, our data suggest that FTO protein may play a number of distinct, yet unknown intracellular functions due to its localization. Moreover, it may play a role in animal growth/development and metabolic state, although additional studies are necessary to clarify the detailed mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferenc
- Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Skorobogatov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dylewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Gajewski
- Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
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5
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Wang S, Liu S, Yuan T, Sun X. Genetic effects of FTO gene insertion/deletion (InDel) on fat-tail measurements and growth traits in Tong sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:229-239. [PMID: 31642366 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1680379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tong sheep is a kind of famous fat-tailed sheep in China, which no longer meets market demands because of the large amount of fat deposition in tail. Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene regulates fatty acid transport and fat metabolism to affect obesity and is also reported to regulate phenotypic traits in healthy animals. To identify the insertion/deletion (InDel) variations of the FTO gene and evaluate their effects on fat-tail measurements and growth traits, 166 healthy individuals from Tong sheep were identified and analyzed. Herein, 10 novel InDel polymorphisms were founded in the Tong sheep FTO gene, which displayed intermediate polymorphism (0.25 < PIC < 0.5) and were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > .05). Correlation analysis of 78 Tong sheep phenotypic traits data and InDel polymorphisms showed that eight InDel loci were significantly associated with partial growth traits (p < .05), four InDel loci were significantly correlated with fat-tail measurements (p < .05). In particular, individuals with genotype DD showed better phenotypic traits than individuals with other genotypes at male sheep InDel 5 and InDel 8 loci, which had small tail-fat dimensions while having good growth traits. These results confirmed potential usefulness of FTO gene in marker-assisted selection programs of Tong sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Muñoz M, Bozzi R, García F, Núñez Y, Geraci C, Crovetti A, García-Casco J, Alves E, Škrlep M, Charneca R, Martins JM, Quintanilla R, Tibau J, Kušec G, Djurkin-Kušec I, Mercat MJ, Riquet J, Estellé J, Zimmer C, Razmaite V, Araujo JP, Radović Č, Savić R, Karolyi D, Gallo M, Čandek-Potokar M, Fontanesi L, Fernández AI, Óvilo C. Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207475. [PMID: 30458028 PMCID: PMC6245784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyse the distribution of causal and candidate mutations associated to relevant productive traits in twenty local European pig breeds. Also, the potential of the SNP panel employed for elucidating the genetic structure and relationships among breeds was evaluated. Most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig morphological, productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits were prioritized and analyzed in a maximum of 47 blood samples from each of the breeds (Alentejana, Apulo-Calabrese, Basque, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Black Slavonian (Crna slavonska), Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Iberian, Krškopolje (Krškopoljski), Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Lithuanian White Old Type, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein (Swabian Hall pig), Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa and Turopolje). We successfully analyzed allelic variation in 39 polymorphisms, located in 33 candidate genes. Results provide relevant information regarding genetic diversity and segregation of SNPs associated to production and quality traits. Coat color and morphological trait-genes that show low level of segregation, and fixed SNPs may be useful for traceability. On the other hand, we detected SNPs which may be useful for association studies as well as breeding programs. For instance, we observed predominance of alleles that might be unfavorable for disease resistance and boar taint in most breeds and segregation of many alleles involved in meat quality, fatness and growth traits. Overall, these findings provide a detailed catalogue of segregating candidate SNPs in 20 European local pig breeds that may be useful for traceability purposes, for association studies and for breeding schemes. Population genetic analyses based on these candidate genes are able to uncover some clues regarding the hidden genetic substructure of these populations, as the extreme genetic closeness between Iberian and Alentejana breeds and an uneven admixture of the breeds studied. The results are in agreement with available knowledge regarding breed history and management, although largest panels of neutral markers should be employed to get a deeper understanding of the population's structure and relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Muñoz
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fabián García
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Geraci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Rui Charneca
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jose M. Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Joan Tibau
- Programa de Genética y Mejora Animal, IRTA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goran Kušec
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | | | - Juliette Riquet
- Génétique Physiologie et Système d’Elevage, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jordi Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christoph Zimmer
- Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
| | - Violeta Razmaite
- Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Jose P. Araujo
- Instituto Politecnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Čedomir Radović
- Institute for Animal Husbandry-Pig Research Department, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Radomir Savić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Danijel Karolyi
- Department of animal science, Faculty of agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maurizio Gallo
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini (ANAS), Roma, Italy
| | | | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
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Bourneuf E, Estellé J, Blin A, Créchet F, Schneider MDP, Gilbert H, Brossard M, Vaysse A, Lathrop M, Vincent-Naulleau S, Demenais F. New susceptibility loci for cutaneous melanoma risk and progression revealed using a porcine model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27682-27697. [PMID: 29963229 PMCID: PMC6021234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances, it is estimated that a large part of melanoma predisposing genes remains to be discovered. Animal models of spontaneous diseases are valuable tools and experimental crosses can be used to identify and fine-map new susceptibility loci associated with melanoma. We performed a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of melanoma occurrence and progression (clinical ulceration and presence of metastasis) in a porcine model of spontaneous melanoma, the MeLiM pig. Five loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 7, 8 and 16 showed genome-wide significant associations (p < 5 × 10–6) with either one of these phenotypes. Suggestive associations (p < 5 × 10–5) were also found at 16 additional loci. Moreover, comparison of the porcine results to those reported by human melanoma GWAS indicated shared association signals notably at CDKAL1 and TERT loci but also nearby CCND1, FTO, PLA2G6 and TMEM38B-RAD23B loci. Extensive search of the literature revealed a potential key role of genes at the identified porcine loci in tumor invasion (DST, PLEKHA5, CBY1, LIMK2 and ETV5) and immune response modulation (ETV5, HERC3 and DICER1) of the progression phenotypes. These biological processes are consistent with the clinico-pathological features of MeLiM tumors and can open new routes for future melanoma research in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bourneuf
- CEA, DRF/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jordi Estellé
- CEA, DRF/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amandine Blin
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INSERM, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France.,Outils et Méthodes de la Systématique Intégrative, OMSI-UMS 2700, CNRS MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Créchet
- CEA, DRF/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maria Del Pilar Schneider
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Present address: Ipsen Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | - Hélène Gilbert
- GenPhyse, INRA, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Myriam Brossard
- INSERM, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- INSERM, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Silvia Vincent-Naulleau
- CEA, DRF/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Demenais
- INSERM, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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8
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Yang Q, Xiao T, Guo J, Su Z. Complex Relationship between Obesity and the Fat Mass and Obesity Locus. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:615-629. [PMID: 28539834 PMCID: PMC5441178 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, obesity has become a serious problem because of increasing obese patients and numerous metabolic complications. The primary reasons for this situation are environmental and genetic factors. In 2007, FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) was the first gene identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) associated with obesity in humans. Subsequently, a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the FTO gene was discovered to be associated with BMI and body composition. Various studies have explored the mechanistic basis behind this association. Thus, emerging evidence showed that FTO plays a key role regulating adipose tissue development and functions in body size and composition. Recent prevalent research topic concentrated in the three neighboring genes of FTO: RPGRIP1L, IRX3 and IRX5, as having a functional link between obesity-associated common variants within FTO and the observed human phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive picture of the impact of FTO on obesity susceptibility and to illuminate these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Yang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.,Guangzhou Boxabio Technology Ltd, Guangzhou Science City, P R China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Chen X, Luo Y, Jia G, Liu G, Zhao H, Huang Z. FTO Promotes Adipogenesis through Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 28:268-274. [PMID: 28267420 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1273835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that FTO plays an important role in adipogenesis. Herein, we designed a small interfering RNA targeting FTO to knock down its endogenous expression and investigated its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. Its possible mechanism was also investigated. We showed that FTO silencing significantly decreased the level of phospho-Histone H3 protein and inhibited the proliferation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. In addition, the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) were down-regulated, but the expression of β-catenin was up-regulated, by FTO silencing. Of specific interest here was that LiCl, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling specific activator, attenuated the FTO-induced upregulation of PPARγ and downregulation of β-catenin. Collectively, our data demonstrated that FTO silence decreased the proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes, and FTO affects the porcine intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation might be via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Yanliu Luo
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Gang Jia
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
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10
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Lee JB, Park HB, Yoo CK, Kim HS, Cho IC, Lim HT. Association of a missense mutation in the positional candidate gene glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 with backfat thickness traits in pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:1081-1085. [PMID: 28111449 PMCID: PMC5494480 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, we reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting backfat thickness (BFT) traits on pig chromosome 5 (SW1482-SW963) in an F2 intercross population between Landrace and Korean native pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) as a positional candidate gene underlying the QTL affecting BFT traits. METHODS Genotype and phenotype analyses were performed using the 1,105 F2 progeny. A mixed-effect linear model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and the BFT traits in the F2 intercross population. RESULTS Highly significant associations of two informative SNPs (c.2442 T>C, c.3316 C>G [R1106G]) in GRIP1 with BFT traits were detected. In addition, the two SNPs were used to construct haplotypes that were also highly associated with the BFT traits. CONCLUSION The SNPs and haplotypes of the GRIP1 gene determined in this study can contribute to understand the genetic structure of BFT traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Bong Lee
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute (KoZRI), Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Hee-Bok Park
- Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeju 63242, Korea
| | - Chae-Kyoung Yoo
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Cho
- Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeju 63242, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Lim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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11
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Chen X, Zhou B, Luo Y, Huang Z, Jia G, Liu G, Zhao H. Tissue Distribution of Porcine FTO and Its Effect on Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes Proliferation and Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151056. [PMID: 26964098 PMCID: PMC4786207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene plays an important role in adipogenesis. However, its function during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation remains poorly understood. In this study, we prepared the antiserum against porcine FTO (pFTO), which was used to determine its subcellular localization and tissue distribution. Our data indicated that pFTO was localized predominantly in the nucleus. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis showed that pFTO was highly expressed in the lung and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Overexpression of pFTO in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes significantly promoted cell proliferation and lipid deposition. Furthermore, overexpression of pFTO in differentiating porcine intramuscular preadipocytes also significantly increased the mRNA levels of adipocyte differentiation transcription factors peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Our findings provide the first functional evidence to reveal a role of pFTO in porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XC); (ZH)
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yanliu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XC); (ZH)
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
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12
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Fontanesi L, Scotti E, Buttazzoni L, Dall’Olio S, Russo V. Analysis of Association Between a Microsatellite at Intron 1 of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) Gene and Fat Deposition, Meat Production and Quality Traits in Italian Large White and Italian Duroc Pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Fontanesi L, Scotti E, Speroni C, Buttazzoni L, Russo V. A selective genotyping approach identifies single nucleotide polymorphisms in porcine chromosome 2 genes associated with production and carcass traits in Italian heavy pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Jevsinek Skok D, Kunej T, Kovac M, Malovrh S, Potocnik K, Petric N, Zgur S, Dovc P, Horvat S. FTOgene variants are associated with growth and carcass traits in cattle. Anim Genet 2015; 47:219-22. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Jevsinek Skok
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - T. Kunej
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - M. Kovac
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - S. Malovrh
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - K. Potocnik
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - N. Petric
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - S. Zgur
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - P. Dovc
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - S. Horvat
- Department of Animal Science; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Groblje 3 1230 Domžale Slovenia
- National Institute of Chemistry; Hajdrihova 19 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia
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15
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Schiavo G, Galimberti G, Calò DG, Samorè AB, Bertolini F, Russo V, Gallo M, Buttazzoni L, Fontanesi L. Twenty years of artificial directional selection have shaped the genome of the Italian Large White pig breed. Anim Genet 2015; 47:181-91. [PMID: 26644200 DOI: 10.1111/age.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated at the genome-wide level if 20 years of artificial directional selection based on boar genetic evaluation obtained with a classical BLUP animal model shaped the genome of the Italian Large White pig breed. The most influential boars of this breed (n = 192), born from 1992 (the beginning of the selection program of this breed) to 2012, with an estimated breeding value reliability of >0.85, were genotyped with the Illumina Porcine SNP60 BeadChip. After grouping the boars in eight classes according to their year of birth, filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to evaluate the effects of time on genotype frequency changes using multinomial logistic regression models. Of these markers, 493 had a PBonferroni < 0.10. However, there was an increasing number of SNPs with a decreasing level of allele frequency changes over time, representing a continuous profile across the genome. The largest proportion of the 493 SNPs was on porcine chromosome (SSC) 7, SSC2, SSC8 and SSC18 for a total of 204 haploblocks. Functional annotations of genomic regions, including the 493 shifted SNPs, reported a few Gene Ontology terms that might underly the biological processes that contributed to increase performances of the pigs over the 20 years of the selection program. The obtained results indicated that the genome of the Italian Large White pigs was shaped by a directional selection program derived by the application of methodologies assuming the infinitesimal model that captured a continuous trend of allele frequency changes in the boar population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Galimberti
- Department of Statistical Sciences 'Paolo Fortunati', University of Bologna, Via delle Belle Arti, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - D G Calò
- Department of Statistical Sciences 'Paolo Fortunati', University of Bologna, Via delle Belle Arti, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - A B Samorè
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Russo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Gallo
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, Via L. Spallanzani 4, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - L Buttazzoni
- Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento Genetico, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - L Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Wang H, Zhang L, Cao J, Wu M, Ma X, Liu Z, Liu R, Zhao F, Wei C, Du L. Genome-Wide Specific Selection in Three Domestic Sheep Breeds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128688. [PMID: 26083354 PMCID: PMC4471085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial sheep raised for mutton grow faster than traditional Chinese sheep breeds. Here, we aimed to evaluate genetic selection among three different types of sheep breed: two well-known commercial mutton breeds and one indigenous Chinese breed. RESULTS We first combined locus-specific branch lengths and di statistical methods to detect candidate regions targeted by selection in the three different populations. The results showed that the genetic distances reached at least medium divergence for each pairwise combination. We found these two methods were highly correlated, and identified many growth-related candidate genes undergoing artificial selection. For production traits, APOBR and FTO are associated with body mass index. For meat traits, ALDOA, STK32B and FAM190A are related to marbling. For reproduction traits, CCNB2 and SLC8A3 affect oocyte development. We also found two well-known genes, GHR (which affects meat production and quality) and EDAR (associated with hair thickness) were associated with German mutton merino sheep. Furthermore, four genes (POL, RPL7, MSL1 and SHISA9) were associated with pre-weaning gain in our previous genome-wide association study. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that combine locus-specific branch lengths and di statistical approaches can reduce the searching ranges for specific selection. And we got many credible candidate genes which not only confirm the results of previous reports, but also provide a suite of novel candidate genes in defined breeds to guide hybridization breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxve Cao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizao Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
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17
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Fontanesi L, Schiavo G, Scotti E, Galimberti G, Calò DG, Samorè AB, Gallo M, Russo V, Buttazzoni L. A retrospective analysis of allele frequency changes of major genes during 20 years of selection in the Italian Large White pig breed. J Anim Breed Genet 2015; 132:239-46. [PMID: 25727360 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether a selection programme based on boar genetic evaluation obtained with a classical BLUP animal model can change allele frequencies in a pig population. All Italian Large White boars born from 1992 to 2012 with estimated breeding value reliability >0.85 (n = 200) were selected among all boars of this breed. Boars were genotyped with markers in major genes (IGF2 intron3-g.3072G>A, MC4R p.D298N, VRTN PRE1 insertion, PRKAG3 p.I199V and FTO g.276T>G). Genotyping data were analysed grouping boars in eight classes according to their year of birth. To evaluate the influence of time on allele frequencies of the genotyped markers, multinomial logistic regression models were computed. Four of five polymorphic sites (IGF2, MC4R, VRTN and FTO) showed significant (p < 0.01) changes in allele frequencies over time due to a progressive and continuous increase of one allele (associated with higher lean meat content, higher average daily gain and favourable feed: gain ratio) and, consequently, decrease of the other one, following the directional selection of the selection programme of this pig breed. The retrospective analysis that was carried out in Italian Large White boars suggests that selection based on methodologies assuming the infinitesimal model is able to modify in a quite short period of time allele frequencies in major genes, increasing the frequency of alleles explaining a relevant (non-infinitesimal) fraction of the overall genetic variability for production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Wang X, Zhu L, Chen J, Wang Y. mRNA m⁶A methylation downregulates adipogenesis in porcine adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:201-207. [PMID: 25725156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fat Mass and Obesity-associated protein (FTO), associated with obesity, is proved to demethylate N6-methyladenosine (m(6)A), which raises questions regarding whether m(6)A plays vital roles in adipogenesis. To prove this, overexpression and knockdown of FTO and METTL3, as well as the chemical treatment in procine adipocytes were conducted. The results showed FTO negatively regulated m(6)A levels and positively regulated adipogenesis, while METTL3 positively correlated with m(6)A levels and negatively with adipogenesis. To remove the potential effect of FTO and METTL3 gene, chemical reagents of methylation inhibitor cycloleucine and methyl donor betaine were used to test the regulation effect of m(6)A on adipogenesis. The results showed the inverse effect of m(6)A on lipid accumulation in porcine adipocytes. These findings provide compelling evidence that m(6)A plays a critical role in the regulation of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Linna Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Chung ER. Novel SNP in the coding region of the FTO gene is associated with marbling score in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 56:27. [PMID: 26290716 PMCID: PMC4540293 DOI: 10.1186/2055-0391-56-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, fat deposition and obesity. For this reason, the FTO gene is a physiological and functional candidate gene for carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The objectives of this study were to identify SNPs in the exonic regions of FTO gene and to evaluate the association of these SNPs with carcass traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). In this study, we newly identified two exonic SNPs in Hanwoo population. The g.125550A > T SNP was located in exon 3 and the g.175675C > T SNP was located in exon 6. Genotyping of the two SNP markers was carried out using PCR-RFLP analysis in Hanwoo steers to evaluate their association with carcass traits. As a result, g.125550A > T SNP genotype was significantly associated with effects on marbling score. Animals with the AA and TT homozygous genotypes had a significantly higher marbling score (p < 0.001) than those with AT heterozygous genotype, and this was significant after Bonferroni correction of the significance threshold (p = 0.003). Dominance effect was also observed for the marbling score (P < 0.05) with higher marbling score of homozygous animals. However, no significant associations with meat quality traits were observed for the g.175675C > T SNP. Our results suggest that the exonic SNP g.125550A > T in the FTO gene may be used as a DNA marker for the selection of Hanwoo with higher marbling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Ryong Chung
- Division of Animal Science and Resources, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sangji University, 660 Usandong, Wonju, Gangwondo, 220-702 South Korea
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Fu Y, Li L, Ren S. Effect of FTO Expression and Polymorphism on Fat Deposition in Suzhong Pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1365-73. [PMID: 25049719 PMCID: PMC4093081 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) plays an important role in appetite control and energy consumption in human and mice. In order to examine FTO expression influence on fat deposition in Suzhong pigs, FTO mRNA expression was detected in 16 tissues by RT-PCR, FTO protein expression was detected in 5 tissues by western blot, and association of FTO polymorphism with meat quality traits was analyzed in Suzhong populations with 714 records. RT-PCR results revealed that FTO mRNA was expressed in all sixteen tissues with significant differences (p<0.05), expression in backfat was significantly higher than that of any other tissue (p<0.05), and expression in longissimus dorsi muscle had the second highest significance level (p<0.05). Western blot results demonstrated that FTO protein was highly expressed in backfat and longissimus dorsi muscle. Furthermore, FTO mRNA and protein expression in tissues of high-fat pigs was significantly higher than that of low-fat pigs (p<0.05), suggesting FTO expression had advantageous effects on fat deposition. FTO polymorphism results evidenced that at A227G locus, G allele seemed to have advantageous effects on fat deposition, indicating it could be a significant candidate gene for improving pork quality in Suzhong pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Fu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Shouwen Ren
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, China
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21
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Molecular characterization and expression analysis of fat mass and obesity-associated gene in rabbit. J Genet 2014; 92:481-8. [PMID: 24371169 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-013-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene codes for a nuclear protein of the AlkB related nonhaem iron and 2-oxoglutaratedependent oxygenase superfamily, and is involved in animal fat deposition and human obesity. In this work, the molecular characterization and expression features of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) FTO cDNA were analysed. The rabbit FTO cDNA with a size of 2158 bp was cloned, including 1515 bp of the open reading frame that encoded a basic protein of 504 amino acids. Homologous comparison indicated that the rabbit FTO shared 36.36-91.88% identity with those from other species and phylogenetic analysis showed that the rabbit FTO is closely related to human, but more distantly related to zebrafish. The New Zealand rabbit FTO mRNA was detected in all tissues examined, with the highest levels found in the spleen and the lowest found in the kidney. However, no significant differences were seen in cerebellum, corpora quadrigemina, medulla oblongata and cerebral cortex of commercial adult rabbits. Moreover, mRNA levels of FTO in liver tissues were significantly increased in lactating New Zealand rabbits compared with 70-day-old, 90-day-old and gestating rabbits (P < 0.05). In contrast, FTO mRNA levels were significantly lower in longissimus dorsi muscle of 90-day-old New Zealand rabbits than in 70-day-old rabbits (P <0.05). However, the expression levels of FTO in mammary gland and ovary of gestating and lactating rabbits were not significantly different (P > 0.05).
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Fontanesi L, Schiavo G, Galimberti G, Calò DG, Russo V. A genomewide association study for average daily gain in Italian Large White pigs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1385-94. [PMID: 24663154 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Average daily gain is an important target trait in pig breeding programs. In this study we performed a genomewide association study for ADG in Italian Large White pigs using a selective genotyping approach. Two extreme and divergent groups of Italian Large White pigs (number 190 + 190) were selected among a population of about 10,000 performance tested gilts (EBV for ADG in the 2 groups were -30 ± 14 g and 81 ± 12 g, respectively) and genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. Association analysis was performed treating the pigs of the 2 extreme groups as cases and controls after correction for family-based stratification. A total of 127 SNP resulted significantly associated with ADG (P nominal value [P(raw)] < 2.0 × 10(-7), P < 0.01 Bonferroni corrected [P(Bonferroni)] < 0.01, false discovery rate < 7.76 × 10(-5)). Another 102 SNP were suggestively associated with the target trait (P(raw) between 2.0 × 10(-7) and 2.02 × 10(-6), P(Bonferroni) < 0.10, false discovery rate < 4.19 × 10(-4)). These SNP were located on all autosomes and on porcine chromosome (SSC) X. The largest number of SNP within this list was on SSC5 (n = 42), SSC7 (34), SSC6 (30), SSC4 (23), and SSC16 (16). These chromosomes were richer in significant or suggestively significant markers than expected (P < 0.001). A quite high number of these SNP (n = 23) were associated with backfat thickness in a previous genomewide association study performed in the same pig population, confirming the negative correlation between the 2 traits. Two or more SNP targeted the same gene: IGSF3 and HS2ST1 (SSC4), OTOGL (SSC5), FTO region (SSC6), and MYLK4 and MCUR1 (SSC7). Other regions that were associated with ADG in previous candidate gene studies (e.g., MC4R on SSC1, IGF2 and LDHA on SSC2, MUC4 on SSC13) 1) included markers with P(raw) < 0.01 that, however, did not pass the stringent threshold of significance adopted in this study or 2) could not be tested because not assigned to the Sscrofa10.2 genome version. Functional annotation of the significant regions using Gene Ontology suggested that many and complex processes at different levels are involved in affecting ADG, indicating the complexity of the genetic factors controlling this ultimate phenotype. The obtained results may contribute to understand the genetic mechanisms determining ADG that could open new perspectives to improve selection efficiency in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Bai Y, Huang JM, Liu G, Zhang JB, Wang JY, Liu CK, Fang MY. A comprehensive microRNA expression profile of the backfat tissue from castrated and intact full-sib pair male pigs. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:47. [PMID: 24443800 PMCID: PMC3901342 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely known that castration has a significant effect on the accumulation of adipose tissue. microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in fat deposition and to be regulated by the androgen-induced androgen receptor (AR). However, there is little understanding of the relationship between miRNAs and fat deposition after castration. In this study, the high-throughput SOLiD sequencing approach was used to identify and characterize miRNA expression in backfat from intact and castrated full-sib male 23-week-old pigs. The patterns of adipogenesis and fat deposition were compared between castrated and intact male pigs. Results A total of 366 unique miRNA genes were identified, comprising 174 known pre-miRNAs and 192 novel pre-miRNAs. One hundred and sixty-seven pre-miRNAs were common to both castrated (F3) and intact (F4) male pig small RNA libraries. The novel pre-miRNAs encoded 153 miRNAs/miRNA*s and 141 miRNAs/miRNA*s in the F3 and F4 libraries, respectively. One hundred and seventy-seven miRNAs, including 45 up- and 132 down-regulated, had more than 2-fold differential expression between the castrated and intact male pigs (p-value < 0.001). Thirty-five miRNAs were further selected, based on the expression abundance and differentiation between the two libraries, to predict their targets in KEGG pathways. KEGG pathway analyses suggested that miRNAs differentially expressed between the castrated and intact male pigs are involved in proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, adipose tissue development and other important biological processes. The expression patterns of eight arbitrarily selected miRNAs were validated by stem-loop reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These data confirmed the expression tendency observed with SOLiD sequencing. miRNA isomiRs and mirtrons were also investigated in this study. Mirtrons are a recently described category of miRNA relying on splicing rather than processing by the microprocessor complex to generate the RNAi pathway. The functions of miRNAs important for regulating fat deposition were also investigated in this study. Conclusions This study expands the number of fat-deposition-related miRNAs in pig. The results also indicate that castration can significantly affect the expression patterns of fat-related miRNAs. The differentially expressed miRNAs may play important roles in fat deposition after castration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mei-Ying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P, R, China.
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Fowler KE, Pong-Wong R, Bauer J, Clemente EJ, Reitter CP, Affara NA, Waite S, Walling GA, Griffin DK. Genome wide analysis reveals single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with fatness and putative novel copy number variants in three pig breeds. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:784. [PMID: 24225222 PMCID: PMC3879217 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, excess fat tissue in the body, can underlie a variety of medical complaints including heart disease, stroke and cancer. The pig is an excellent model organism for the study of various human disorders, including obesity, as well as being the foremost agricultural species. In order to identify genetic variants associated with fatness, we used a selective genomic approach sampling DNA from animals at the extreme ends of the fat and lean spectrum using estimated breeding values derived from a total population size of over 70,000 animals. DNA from 3 breeds (Sire Line Large White, Duroc and a white Pietrain composite line (Titan)) was used to interrogate the Illumina Porcine SNP60 Genotyping Beadchip in order to identify significant associations in terms of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). RESULTS By sampling animals at each end of the fat/lean EBV (estimate breeding value) spectrum the whole population could be assessed using less than 300 animals, without losing statistical power. Indeed, several significant SNPs (at the 5% genome wide significance level) were discovered, 4 of these linked to genes with ontologies that had previously been correlated with fatness (NTS, FABP6, SST and NR3C2). Quantitative analysis of the data identified putative CNV regions containing genes whose ontology suggested fatness related functions (MCHR1, PPARα, SLC5A1 and SLC5A4). CONCLUSIONS Selective genotyping of EBVs at either end of the phenotypic spectrum proved to be a cost effective means of identifying SNPs and CNVs associated with fatness and with estimated major effects in a large population of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Fowler
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Ricardo Pong-Wong
- Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin Biocentre, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9PS, UK
| | - Julien Bauer
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Emily J Clemente
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Christopher P Reitter
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Nabeel A Affara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Stephen Waite
- JSR Genetics, Southburn, Driffield, East Yorkshirea YO25 9ED, UK
| | - Grant A Walling
- JSR Genetics, Southburn, Driffield, East Yorkshirea YO25 9ED, UK
| | - Darren K Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK
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Fontanesi L, Buttazzoni L, Galimberti G, Calò D, Scotti E, Russo V. Association between melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene haplotypes and carcass and production traits in Italian Large White pigs evaluated with a selective genotyping approach. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang GW, Gao L, Chen SY, Zhao XB, Tian YF, Wang X, Deng XS, Lai SJ. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FTO gene and their association with growth and meat quality traits in rabbits. Gene 2013; 527:553-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zielke LG, Bortfeldt RH, Reissmann M, Tetens J, Thaller G, Brockmann GA. Impact of variation at the FTO locus on milk fat yield in Holstein dairy cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63406. [PMID: 23691044 PMCID: PMC3655180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the biological role of the Fat Mass and Obesity associated (FTO) gene locus on milk composition in German Holstein cattle. Since FTO controls energy homeostasis and expenditure and the FTO locus has repeatedly shown association with obesity in human studies, we tested FTO as a candidate gene in particular for milk fat yield, which represents a high amount of energy secreted during lactation. The study was performed on 2,402 bulls and 860 cows where dense milk composition data were available. Genetic information was taken from a 2 Mb region around FTO. Five SNPs and two haplotype blocks in a 725 kb region covering FTO and the neighboring genes RPGRIP1L, U6ATAC, and 5 S rRNA were associated with milk fat yield and also affected protein yield in the same direction. Interestingly, higher frequency SNP alleles and haplotypes within the FTO gene increased milk fat and protein yields by up to 2.8 and 2.2 kg per lactation, respectively, while the most frequent haplotype in the upstream block covering exon 1 of FTO to exon 15 of RPGRIP1L had opposite effects with lower fat and milk yield. Both haplotype blocks were also significant in cows. The loci accounted for about 1% of the corresponding trait variance in the population. The association signals not only provided evidence for at least two causative mutations in the FTO locus with a functional effect on milk but also milk protein yield. The pleiotropic effects suggest a biological function on the usage of energy resources and the control of energy balance rather than directly affecting fat and protein synthesis. The identified effect of the obesity gene locus on milk energy content suggests an impact on infant nutrition by breast feeding in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea G. Zielke
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf H. Bortfeldt
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Reissmann
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Tetens
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian Albert University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian Albert University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gudrun A. Brockmann
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kogelman LJA, Kadarmideen HN, Mark T, Karlskov-Mortensen P, Bruun CS, Cirera S, Jacobsen MJ, Jørgensen CB, Fredholm M. An f2 pig resource population as a model for genetic studies of obesity and obesity-related diseases in humans: design and genetic parameters. Front Genet 2013; 4:29. [PMID: 23515185 PMCID: PMC3600696 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a rising worldwide public health problem. Difficulties to precisely measure various obesity traits and the genetic heterogeneity in human have been major impediments to completely disentangle genetic factors causing obesity. The pig is a relevant model for studying human obesity and obesity-related (OOR) traits. Using founder breeds divergent with respect to obesity traits we have created an F2 pig resource population (454 pigs), which has been intensively phenotyped for 36 OOR traits. The main rationale for our study is to characterize the genetic architecture of OOR traits in the F2 pig design, by estimating heritabilities, genetic, and phenotypic correlations using mixed- and multi-trait BLUP animal models. Our analyses revealed high coefficients of variation (15–42%) and moderate to high heritabilities (0.22–0.81) in fatness traits, showing large phenotypic and genetic variation in the F2 population, respectively. This fulfills the purpose of creating a resource population divergent for OOR traits. Strong genetic correlations were found between weight and lean mass at dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning (0.56–0.97). Weight and conformation also showed strong genetic correlations with slaughter traits (e.g., rg between abdominal circumference and leaf fat at slaughtering: 0.66). Genetic correlations between fat-related traits and the glucose level vary between 0.35 and 0.74 and show a strong correlation between adipose tissue and impaired glucose metabolism. Our power calculations showed a minimum of 80% power for QTL detection for all phenotypes. We revealed genetic correlations at population level, for the first time, for several difficult to measure and novel OOR traits and diseases. The results underpin the potential of the established F2 pig resource population for further genomic, systems genetics, and functional investigations to unravel the genetic background of OOR traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette J A Kogelman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kim J, Lee T, Kim TH, Lee KT, Kim H. An integrated approach of comparative genomics and heritability analysis of pig and human on obesity trait: evidence for candidate genes on human chromosome 2. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:711. [PMID: 23253381 PMCID: PMC3562524 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional candidate gene approach has been widely used for the study of complex diseases including obesity. However, this approach is largely limited by its dependence on existing knowledge of presumed biology of the phenotype under investigation. Our combined strategy of comparative genomics and chromosomal heritability estimate analysis of obesity traits, subscapular skinfold thickness and back-fat thickness in Korean cohorts and pig (Sus scrofa), may overcome the limitations of candidate gene analysis and allow us to better understand genetic predisposition to human obesity. Results We found common genes including FTO, the fat mass and obesity associated gene, identified from significant SNPs by association studies of each trait. These common genes were related to blood pressure and arterial stiffness (P = 1.65E-05) and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.00578). Through the estimation of variance of genetic component (heritability) for each chromosome by SNPs, we observed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.479) between genetic contributions of human and pig to obesity traits. Furthermore, we noted that human chromosome 2 (syntenic to pig chromosomes 3 and 15) was most important in explaining the phenotypic variance for obesity. Conclusions Obesity genetics still awaits further discovery. Navigating syntenic regions suggests obesity candidate genes on chromosome 2 that are previously known to be associated with obesity-related diseases: MRPL33, PARD3B, ERBB4, STK39, and ZNF385B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rohrer G, Nonneman D, Miller R, Zerby H, Moeller S. Association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in candidate genes and QTL regions with pork quality traits in commercial pigs. Meat Sci 2012; 92:511-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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SNP in the 5′ flanking region of the pig FTO gene is associated with fatness in Polish Landrace. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fontanesi L, Schiavo G, Galimberti G, Calò DG, Scotti E, Martelli PL, Buttazzoni L, Casadio R, Russo V. A genome wide association study for backfat thickness in Italian Large White pigs highlights new regions affecting fat deposition including neuronal genes. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:583. [PMID: 23153328 PMCID: PMC3499287 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcass fatness is an important trait in most pig breeding programs. Following market requests, breeding plans for fresh pork consumption are usually designed to reduce carcass fat content and increase lean meat deposition. However, the Italian pig industry is mainly devoted to the production of Protected Designation of Origin dry cured hams: pigs are slaughtered at around 160 kg of live weight and the breeding goal aims at maintaining fat coverage, measured as backfat thickness to avoid excessive desiccation of the hams. This objective has shaped the genetic pool of Italian heavy pig breeds for a few decades. In this study we applied a selective genotyping approach within a population of ~ 12,000 performance tested Italian Large White pigs. Within this population, we selectively genotyped 304 pigs with extreme and divergent backfat thickness estimated breeding value by the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and performed a genome wide association study to identify loci associated to this trait. Results We identified 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms with P≤5.0E-07 and additional 119 ones with 5.0E-07<P≤5.0E-05. These markers were located throughout all chromosomes. The largest numbers were found on porcine chromosomes 6 and 9 (n=15), 4 (n=13), and 7 (n=12) while the most significant marker was located on chromosome 18. Twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms were in intronic regions of genes already recognized by the Pre-Ensembl Sscrofa10.2 assembly. Gene Ontology analysis indicated an enrichment of Gene Ontology terms associated with nervous system development and regulation in concordance with results of large genome wide association studies for human obesity. Conclusions Further investigations are needed to evaluate the effects of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with backfat thickness on other traits as a pre-requisite for practical applications in breeding programs. Reported results could improve our understanding of the biology of fat metabolism and deposition that could also be relevant for other mammalian species including humans, confirming the role of neuronal genes on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna 40127, Italy.
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Fontanesi L, Galimberti G, Calò DG, Fronza R, Martelli PL, Scotti E, Colombo M, Schiavo G, Casadio R, Buttazzoni L, Russo V. Identification and association analysis of several hundred single nucleotide polymorphisms within candidate genes for back fat thickness in Italian Large White pigs using a selective genotyping approach1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2450-64. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Fontanesi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Galimberti
- Department of Statistical Sciences “Paolo Fortunati,” University of Bologna, Via delle Belle Arti 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. G. Calò
- Department of Statistical Sciences “Paolo Fortunati,” University of Bologna, Via delle Belle Arti 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Fronza
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. L. Martelli
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Scotti
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Colombo
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Schiavo
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Casadio
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Buttazzoni
- CRA, Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento Genetico, Via Salaria 31, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Russo
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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QTL analysis of back fat thickness and carcass pH in an F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8327-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dvořáková V, Bartenschlager H, Stratil A, Horák P, Stupka R, Cítek J, Sprysl M, Hrdlicová A, Geldermann H. Association between polymorphism in the FTO gene and growth and carcass traits in pig crosses. Genet Sel Evol 2012; 44:13. [PMID: 22510482 PMCID: PMC3369214 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-44-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent studies have shown that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the human FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene are associated with obesity. SNP have also been identified in the pig FTO gene, among which some are associated with selected fat-deposition traits in F2 crosses and commercial populations. In this study, using both commercial pig populations and an experimental Meishan × Pietrain F2 population, we have investigated the association between one FTO SNP and several growth and carcass traits. Association analyses were performed with the FTO polymorphism either alone or in combination with polymorphisms in flanking loci. METHODS SNP (FM244720:g.400C>G) in exon 3 of porcine FTO was genotyped by PCR-RFLP and tested for associations with some growth, carcass and fat-related traits. Proportions of genetic variance of four pig chromosome 6 genes (FTO, RYR1, LIPE and TGFB1) on selected traits were evaluated using single- and multi-locus models. RESULTS Linkage analysis placed FTO on the p arm of pig chromosome 6, approximately 22 cM from RYR1. In the commercial populations, allele C of the FTO SNP was significantly associated with back fat depth and allele G with muscling traits. In the Meishan × Pietrain F2 pigs, heterozygotes with allele C from the Pietrain sows and allele G from the Meishan boar were more significantly associated with fat-related traits compared to homozygotes with allele G from the Pietrain and allele G from the Meishan breed. In single- and multi-locus models, genes RYR1, TGFB1 and FTO showed high associations. The contribution in genetic variance from the polymorphism in the FTO gene was highest for back fat depth, meat area on the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis tissues and metabolite glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that in pig, FTO influences back fat depth in the commercial populations, while in the Meishan × Pietrain F2 pigs with a CG genotype, heterosis occurs for several fat-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Dvořáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Studies in humans have independently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene associated with obesity in multiple populations. It was shown that FTO participated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and associated with increased lipolytic activity in adipocytes. To ascertain whether there were mutations in the bovine FTO gene, this study investigated the variation of the FTO gene through PCR-SSCP and sequencing. Five synonymous mutations, two missense mutations, and three intronic SNPs were identified in 614 cattle from five independent populations. Haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) coefficients of these SNPs in three Chinese indigenous cattle breeds were analyzed. Two LD blocks were found in the Qinchuan and Nanyang cattle breeds and three LD blocks were found in the Jiaxian cattle breed, suggesting the possibility of a recombination hotspot between exon 5 and intron 5 of the bovine FTO gene. The variations detected here might have an impact on the FTO gene activity and function.
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Fontanesi L, Russo V. Nucleotide variability and haplotype heterogeneity at the porcinefat mass and obesity-associated(FTO) gene. Anim Genet 2012; 44:96-100. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Fontanesi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 48; 40127; Bologna; Italy
| | - V. Russo
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 48; 40127; Bologna; Italy
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Polymorphisms in an obesity-related gene (PCSK1) are associated with fat deposition and production traits in Italian heavy pigs. Animal 2012; 6:1913-24. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Ai H, Ren J, Zhang Z, Ma J, Guo Y, Yang B, Huang L. Detection of quantitative trait loci for growth- and fatness-related traits in a large-scale White Duroc × Erhualian intercross pig population. Anim Genet 2011; 43:383-91. [PMID: 22497573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth and fatness are economically important traits in pigs. In this study, a genome scan was performed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 14 growth and fatness traits related to body weight, backfat thickness and fat weight in a large-scale White Duroc × Erhualian F(2) intercross. A total of 76 genome-wide significant QTL were mapped to 16 chromosomes. The most significant QTL was found on pig chromosome (SSC) 7 for fatness with unexpectedly small confidence intervals of ∼2 cM, providing an excellent starting point to identify causal variants. Common QTL for both fatness and growth traits were found on SSC4, 5, 7 and 8, and shared QTL for fat deposition were detected on SSC1, 2 and X. Time-series analysis of QTL for body weight at six growth stages revealed the continuously significant effects of the QTL on SSC4 at the fattening period and the temporal-specific expression of the QTL on SSC7 at the foetus and fattening stages. For fatness traits, Chinese Erhualian alleles were associated with increased fat deposition except that at the major QTL on SSC7. For growth traits, most of White Duroc alleles enhanced growth rates except for those at three significant QTL on SSC6, 7 and 9. The results confirmed many previously reported QTL and also detected novel QTL, revealing the complexity of the genetic basis of growth and fatness in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Bonfatti V, Cecchinato A, Sturaro E, Gallo L, Carnier P. Computer image analysis traits of cross-sectioned dry-cured hams: A genetic analysis1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2326-35. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Association between polymorphisms in cathepsin and cystatin genes with meat production and carcass traits in Italian Duroc pigs: confirmation of the effects of a cathepsin L (CTSL) gene marker. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:109-15. [PMID: 21598116 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5 cathepsin or cystatin genes (cathepsin F, CTSF; cathepsin L, CTSL; cathepsin S, CTSS; cathepsin Z, CTSZ; cystatin B, CSTB) in two groups of Italian Duroc pigs: the first group (n. 100) was chosen using a selective genotyping approach with extreme estimated breeding value (EBV) for visible intermuscular fat (VIF); the second group (n. 218) was made of performance-tested Duroc pigs not selected by any criteria. CTSL marker showed a tendency towards association (P<0.10) with VIF (first group) and back fat thickness (BFT) and average daily gain (ADG; second group). In the second group, the CTSL polymorphism was associated with weight of lean cuts (LC; P<0.05). Additive effects for all mentioned traits in the second group was significant (P<0.05). The results we obtained in the Italian Duroc pigs confirmed the results and the direction of the effects already reported for the Italian Large White breed.
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Huang J, Liu G, Liu Y, Yao Y, Wu K, Fang M. Splice Variant Identification and Expression Analysis of the Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene in Intact and Castrated Male Pigs. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:729-33. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Huang
- College of Animal Science and technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Animal Science and technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yueping Liu
- College of Animal Science and technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuchang Yao
- College of Animal Science and technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Keliang Wu
- College of Animal Science and technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meiying Fang
- College of Animal Science and technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Molecular cloning and characterization of the porcine FTO promoter and coding regions. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2855-62. [PMID: 21104140 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) has been widely reported to be associated with fat mass or fat deposition in different species. In the present study, we cloned both promoter and coding regions of the gene in pigs with over 5 Kb of sequence for the former region and 1,596 bp for the latter region. Comparative analysis of the promoter region among 20 species including pig revealed four conserved regions that harbor transcriptional factors involved in adipose differentiation. Using a pooled DNA sequencing approach, we discovered 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pig FTO gene and four of them were genotyped on 716 pigs representing 3 European and 18 Chinese indigenous pig breeds plus samples of wild boars. We found that TCGG is a favored haplotype in Chinese wild boars and 16 indigenous pig breeds, while Li Cha Black and Tong Cheng pigs had the specific dominant haplotypes of TTGG and TCGA, respectively. ATGA was the main haplotype found in Large White and Duroc pigs, but the haplotype of ATGG was the major type in Landrace. Taken together, these data provide a valuable foundation for the community to fully study the function of FTO gene in pigs.
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The porcine tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) gene: Identification of a missense mutation and association analysis with meat quality and production traits in Italian heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2010; 86:808-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Fontanesi L, Colombo M, Tognazzi L, Scotti E, Buttazzoni L, Dall'Olio S, Davoli R, Russo V. The porcine TBC1D1 gene: mapping, SNP identification, and association study with meat, carcass and production traits in Italian heavy pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1425-31. [PMID: 20730498 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TBC1D1 [TBC1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16) domain family, member 1] is a Rab-GTPase-activating related protein implicated in regulating the trafficking of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4 or SLC2A4) storage vesicles to the cell surface in response to insulin and AMPK-activating stimuli in skeletal muscle. Mutations in the human and mouse TBC1D1 genes confer risk of obesity or leanness. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the porcine TBC1D1 gene. One of them (FN677935:g.219G>A) was genotyped either by high resolution melting and PCR-RFLP analyses to study allele frequencies in a few pig breeds and evaluate association with meat production and carcass traits in five groups of sib-tested pigs of Italian Large White and Italian Duroc breeds. The g.219G>A SNP was associated (P < 0.05) with ham weight, back fat thickness and lean cuts content in Italian Large White and with visible intermuscular fat in Italian Duroc pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fontanesi
- DIPROVAL, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bologna, Via F.lli Rosselli 107, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Switonski M, Stachowiak M, Cieslak J, Bartz M, Grzes M. Genetics of fat tissue accumulation in pigs: a comparative approach. J Appl Genet 2010; 51:153-68. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03195724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Molecular cloning, expression and polymorphism of the porcine apolipoprotein A5 gene in a Jinhua × Pietrain F2 reference population. Animal 2010; 4:523-9. [PMID: 22444039 DOI: 10.1017/s175173110999142x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly described member of the apolipoprotein gene family, apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) has been suggested to play a key role in the triglyceride metabolism in both human and mice. The aim of this study was to identify the porcine (Sus scrofa) APOA5 gene, determine its mRNA and its mutations that are associated with lipid accumulation. The porcine APOA5 cDNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using the information of the mouse or other mammals. It had been determined that the open reading frame of the porcine APOA5 gene consists of 1092 bp, which encodes a predicted protein composed of 363 amino acids with a similarity to bovine (80.43%) and to human (78.47%). The expression analysis indicated that the porcine APOA5 gene was expressed in hypophysis, fat and liver. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 4 SNPs in the 5' end, 1 SNP in second intron, 1 SNP in third exon and 6 SNPs in the 3' end, were identified in the porcine APOA5 gene and genotyped on the Jinhua × Pietrain F2 reference population, it had revealed that the SNP of C1834T was significantly associated with average backfat thickness and leaf fat weight (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, this study has got basic information of the porcine APOA5 gene and provides evidence that the APOA5 gene could be a potential candidate gene for fat deposition.
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The Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A) gene is associated with fatness and loin muscle area in the pig. Animal 2010; 4:1619-27. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173111000087x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Madsen MB, Birck MM, Fredholm M, Cirera S. Expression Studies of the Obesity Candidate GeneFTOin Pig. Anim Biotechnol 2009; 21:51-63. [DOI: 10.1080/10495390903381792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Olszewski PK, Fredriksson R, Olszewska AM, Stephansson O, Alsiö J, Radomska KJ, Levine AS, Schiöth HB. Hypothalamic FTO is associated with the regulation of energy intake not feeding reward. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10:129. [PMID: 19860904 PMCID: PMC2774323 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphism in the FTO gene is strongly associated with obesity, but little is known about the molecular bases of this relationship. We investigated whether hypothalamic FTO is involved in energy-dependent overconsumption of food. We determined FTO mRNA levels in rodent models of short- and long-term intake of palatable fat or sugar, deprivation, diet-induced increase in body weight, baseline preference for fat versus sugar as well as in same-weight animals differing in the inherent propensity to eat calories especially upon availability of diverse diets, using quantitative PCR. FTO gene expression was also studied in organotypic hypothalamic cultures treated with anorexigenic amino acid, leucine. In situ hybridization (ISH) was utilized to study FTO signal in reward- and hunger-related sites, colocalization with anorexigenic oxytocin, and c-Fos immunoreactivity in FTO cells at initiation and termination of a meal. Results Deprivation upregulated FTO mRNA, while leucine downregulated it. Consumption of palatable diets or macronutrient preference did not affect FTO expression. However, the propensity to ingest more energy without an effect on body weight was associated with lower FTO mRNA levels. We found that 4-fold higher number of FTO cells displayed c-Fos at meal termination as compared to initiation in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei of re-fed mice. Moreover, ISH showed that FTO is present mainly in hunger-related sites and it shows a high degree of colocalization with anorexigenic oxytocin. Conclusion We conclude that FTO mRNA is present mainly in sites related to hunger/satiation control; changes in hypothalamic FTO expression are associated with cues related to energy intake rather than feeding reward. In line with that, neurons involved in feeding termination express FTO. Interestingly, baseline FTO expression appears linked not only with energy intake but also energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel K Olszewski
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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