1
|
Lin H, Chen S, Shen L, Hu T, Cai J, Zhan S, Liang J, Huang M, Xian M, Wang S. Integrated Analysis of the Cecal Microbiome and Plasma Metabolomics to Explore NaoMaiTong and Its Potential Role in Changing the Intestinal Flora and Their Metabolites in Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:773722. [PMID: 35126115 PMCID: PMC8811223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), as a leading cause of disability worldwide, affects intestinal bacterial communities and their metabolites, while recent discoveries have highlighted the importance of the intestinal microflora in the development of IS. Systematic investigations of complex intestinal bacterial communities and their metabolites during ischemic brain injury contribute to elucidate the promising therapeutic targets for IS. However, the associations between intestinal microbiota and related circulating metabolic processes in IS remained unclear. Hence, to identify the changed microflora and their metabolites in IS of NaoMaiTong (NMT), an effective clinical medication, we established the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model using conventionalized and pseudo-germ-free (PGF) rats. Subsequently, we systematically screen the microflora and related metabolites changing in IS via an integrated approach of cecal 16S rRNA sequencing combined with plasma metabolomics. We found that NMT relied on intestinal flora to improve stroke outcome in conventionalized rats while the protection of NMT was reduced in PGF rats. Total 35 differential bacterial genera and 26 differential microbial metabolites were regulated by NMT. Furthermore, L-asparagine and indoleacetaldehyde were significantly negatively correlated with Lachnospiraceae_UCG.001 and significantly positively correlated with Lachnoclostridium. Indoleacetaldehyde also presented a negative correlation with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid was strongly negatively correlated with Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_UCG.001 and Lachnospiraceae_UCG.006. Creatinine was strongly negatively correlated with Akkermansia. In summary, the research provided insights into the intricate interaction between intestinal microbiota and metabolism of NMT in IS. We identified above differential bacteria and differential endogenous metabolites which could be as prebiotic and probiotic substances that can influence prognosis in stroke and have potential to be used as novel therapeutic targets or exogenous drug supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoru Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sikai Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghua Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Minghua Xian, ; Shumei Wang,
| | - Shumei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Minghua Xian, ; Shumei Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye D, Huang H, Wu DJH, Zhang W, Zhou F, Qian Y, Zheng J, Mao Y. Association Between Circulating Linoleic Acid and Risk of Ischemic Stroke. Front Genet 2021; 11:582623. [PMID: 33584789 PMCID: PMC7874191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.582623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have shown an inverse association between circulating linoleic acid (LA) and risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether genetic variants predicting levels of circulating LA are associated with IS and its subtypes using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods LA-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from a genome-wide association study of 8,631 participants, and summary statistics of IS and IS subtypes were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium. MR analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method complemented with other approaches, including weighted-median, weighted-mode, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test and MR-Egger regression, to test for the robustness of the association. Moreover, we conducted bidirectional MR analysis to assess the impact of IS-associated SNPs on circulating LA levels. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results We found that genetically predicted circulating LA levels were inversely associated with the risk of IS by the IVW method (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, and P = 0.003). Subgroup analyses showed a statistically significant association between LA and risk of large artery stroke (LAS; OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98, and P = 0.004), but not for other IS subtypes. The results were stable in sensitivity analyses, and no evidence of reverse association between LA and risk of IS, or LAS was observed. Conclusion Our study supports a potential inverse association of genetically predicted circulating LA levels with risk of IS, particularly LAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ye
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Huang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David J H Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixiang Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jusheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mindukshev IV, Krivoshlyk VV, Dobrylko IA, Goncharov NV, Vivulanets EV, Kuznetsov SV, Krivchenko AI. Abnormalities of elastic and transporting properties of red blood cells under development of apoptosis. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747810010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Park Y, Park S, Yi H, Kim HY, Kang SJ, Kim J, Ahn H. Low level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes is a risk factor for both acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Koreans. Nutr Res 2010; 29:825-30. [PMID: 19963154 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggesting an association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and stroke risk has been inconsistent, possibly because previous studies have not differentiated between different stroke types. The present study investigated the hypothesis that tissue levels of n-3 PUFA are positively associated with hemorrhagic stroke and negatively associated with ischemic stroke. We recruited 120 subjects for this case-control study, with 40 cases each of hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and unaffected controls. Patients with a family history of hemorrhagic stroke had a significantly increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke. Omega-3 Index (20:5n3 + 22:6n3 in erythrocytes) and 22:6n3 were negatively (P < .01) associated with the risk of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in multivariate analyses. Saturated fatty acids 16:0 and 18:0 were positively associated, whereas 18:2n6 and 18:3n6 were negatively (P < .05) associated with risk of ischemic stroke. Monounsaturated fatty acid, 18:1n9, increased (P = .03) the odds of hemorrhagic stroke. Omega-3 Index and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly lower in patients with both subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, but only in one subtype of ischemic stroke, small-artery occlusion. Saturated fatty acids 16:0 and 18:0 were significantly higher, but 20:4n6 was significantly lower, in patients with small-artery occlusion. Linoleic acid was significantly lower in patients with small-artery occlusion and large-artery atherosclerosis, whereas 18:1n9 was higher in both subgroups of hemorrhagic stroke. In conclusion, the results of our case-control study suggest that erythrocyte n-3 PUFA may protect against hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke, particularly in the case of small-artery occlusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang YH, Hong CY, Chen CF, Tsai TH. Determinations of Trilinolein and 1,2– Dilinoleoyl-3-Oleoyl-Glycerol in Various Panax Ginseng by HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708013661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. H. Wang
- a Institute of Traditional Medicine National Yang-Ming University , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - C. Y. Hong
- a Institute of Traditional Medicine National Yang-Ming University , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - C. F. Chen
- b Department of Pharmacology , National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - T. H. Tsai
- a Institute of Traditional Medicine National Yang-Ming University , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- b Department of Pharmacology , National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang YH, Hong CY, Chen CF, Tsai TH. Determination of Triacylglycerols inPanax Pseudo-Ginsengby HPLC Polymeric Column. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608014032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. H. Wang
- a Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - C. Y. Hong
- a Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - C. F. Chen
- b Department of Pharmacology , National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - T. H. Tsai
- a Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- b Department of Pharmacology , National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Shih-Pai, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iso H, Sato S, Umemura U, Kudo M, Koike K, Kitamura A, Imano H, Okamura T, Naito Y, Shimamoto T. Linoleic acid, other fatty acids, and the risk of stroke. Stroke 2002; 33:2086-93. [PMID: 12154268 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000023890.25066.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of serum fatty acids as a risk factor for stroke and stroke subtypes is largely unknown. METHODS A prospective nested case-control study of Japanese 40 to 85 years of age was conducted through the use of frozen serum samples from 7450 participants in cardiovascular risk surveys collected from 1984 to 1989 for 1 community and 1989 to 1992 for the other 2 communities. By the end of 1998, we identified 197 incident strokes whose subtypes were confirmed by imaging studies. Three controls per case were selected by matching for sex, age, community, year of serum storage, and fasting status. RESULTS Compared with controls, total (n=197), hemorrhagic (n=75), and ischemic (n=122) strokes had similar proportions of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, lower proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acids, and higher proportions of saturated and monosaturated acids, determined by gas chromatography. The multivariate odds ratios associated with a 1-SD increase in linoleic acid (5%) after adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, serum total cholesterol, and other cardiovascular risk factors were 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59 to 0.89] for total stroke, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.88) for ischemic stroke, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.88) for lacunar infarction, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.12) for hemorrhagic stroke. The respective odds ratios for saturated fatty acids (4%) were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.65), 1.35 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.79), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.01), and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.80). Further adjustment for other fatty acids attenuated these relations, but the relation between linoleic acid and risk of ischemic stroke remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A higher intake of linoleic acid may protect against ischemic stroke, possibly through potential mechanisms of decreased blood pressure, reduced platelet aggregation, and enhanced deformability of erythrocyte cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chan P, Tomlinson B. Antioxidant effects of Chinese traditional medicine: focus on trilinolein isolated from the Chinese herb sanchi (Panax pseudoginseng). J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 40:457-61. [PMID: 10806597 DOI: 10.1177/00912700022009215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that oxygen-derived free radicals (OFR) cause lipid peroxidation, which contributes to the process of atherosclerosis, and they are also involved in the myocardial damage seen with ischemia and reperfusion. Antioxidants could potentially ameliorate such harmful effects. Many natural plant products have been shown to have antioxidant effects. Trilinolein, a triacylglycerol purified from Panax pseudoginseng, which is commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine, has been found to have pharmacological effects, including antioxidant activity that may explain the benefits in treating circulatory disorders perceived from the use of the herb over the centuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taipei Medical College, Taipei Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang SH, Hong CY. Trilinolein potentiates the pro-aggregating effect of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 21:829-39. [PMID: 10606003 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(99)00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trilinolein, a triacylglycerol with linoleic acid as the only type of fatty acid residue in all three of the glycerol esterified positions, was recently reported to have an antiplatelet effect, mediated through stimulating nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) formation. In our study, trilinolein induced aggregation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and, pretreatment with 0.1 nM trilinolein enhanced phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced aggregation. Further investigation showed that trilinolein at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 10 microM increased cyclic GMP formation after 10 min of incubation with PMNs. Pretreatment of trilinolein with 10 microM d-sphingosine, before being incubated with PMNs, attenuated the stimulatory effect of trilinolein on cyclic GMP formation, and pretreatment of 10 microM d-sphingosine also attenuated the aggregation induced by PMA and trilinolein. We conclude that trilinolein can induce the aggregation of human PMNs, and enhance the aggregation induced by PMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Chung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chan P, Hong CY, Tomlinson B, Chang NC, Chen JP, Lee ST, Cheng JT. Myocardial protective effect of trilinolein: an antioxidant isolated from the medicinal plant Panax pseudoginseng. Life Sci 1997; 61:1999-2006. [PMID: 9366507 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study we demonstrated that trilinolein, a natural plant triacylglycerol, is a novel myocardial protective agent in vivo. The mechanism probably involves an antioxidant effect. This work investigated the mechanism of myocardial protection of trilinolein to determine if inhibition of calcium influx and alteration of activity of superoxide dismutase are involved. In isolated cardiomyocytes, pretreatment with trilinolein at a low concentration of 10(-9) M effectively reduced 45Ca2+ influx stimulated by hypoxia/normoxia by 34%. In isolated perfused rat heart subjected to 60 min global hypoxemia without reperfusion, pretreatment with 10(-7) M trilinolein for 15 min reduced infarct size by 37%. Assay of superoxide dismutase-mRNA by Northern blot analysis in in vivo rat heart subjected to 30 min ischaemia and 10 min reperfusion showed pretreatment with 10(-7) M trilinolein had a synergistic action with antioxidant systems preventing the rise in superoxide dismutase-mRNA. These results reconfirm the myocardial protection of trilinolein and suggest it may be related to antioxidant activity and inhibition of 45Ca2+ influx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taipei Medical College and affiliated Taipei Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan P, Cheng JT, Tsao CW, Niu CS, Hong CY. The in vitro antioxidant activity of trilinolein and other lipid-related natural substances as measured by enhanced chemiluminescence. Life Sci 1996; 59:2067-73. [PMID: 8950309 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(96)00560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is abundant evidence for the premise that oxygen-derived free radicals (OFR) mediate ischemia/reperfusion injury to the myocardium. OFR scavengers such as superoxide dismutase can effectively reduce damage through lipid peroxidation during ischemia/reperfusion. Enhanced chemiluminescence, which has been used to measure OFR, was used to measure the antioxidant activity of fatty acids (palmitic and linoleic acid) and triglycerides (triolein, tristearin) and natural plant antioxidants (magnolol, catechin, trilinolein). Trilinolein, which has recently been isolated from natural products, as well as the well-known water soluble analogue of vitamin E-Trolox, were used as control. During pretreatment with chemicals, at concentrations of 10(-9) to 10(-7) M, enhanced chemiluminescence of linoleic acid (C 18:2) showed a dose-responsive reduction of OFR with a maximal mean reduction of -31.9% when compared to baseline. A saturated fatty acid such as palmitic acid (C 16:0) showed only relatively weak antioxidant activity at concentrations of 10(-7) to 10(-6) M with a maximum reduction of OFR of- 15.2% only. control chemicals such as trilinolein and Trolox showed significant antioxidant activity. At concentrations between 10(-10) and 10(-6) M and trilinolein has the most potent antioxidant activity with a maximal mean reduction of OFR of -48.0%, whereas Trolox showed only -39.2%. As for the natural plant antioxidants, only catechin showed potent antioxidant activity (-40%). Polyunsaturated triglycerides such as triolein (oleic acid, C 18:1) also possess significant OFR scavenging effect (-31.9%) whilst saturated triglycerides such as tristearin (stearic acid, C 18:0) had only relatively weak antioxidant activity (-15.2%). Generally, the antioxidant activity of unsaturated compounds is stronger than saturated compounds; double-bond existence may partially explain this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen YC, Hong CY. Effect of trilinolein on cyclic nucleotide formation in human platelets: relationship with its antiplatelet effect and nitric oxide synthesis. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 116:1644-8. [PMID: 8564231 PMCID: PMC1908908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Trilinolein, a triacylglycerol with linoleic acid as the only fatty acid residue in all three esterified positions of glycerol, was recently reported to have an inhibitory effect on adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation. In the present study, we found that trilinolein at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 microM increased cyclic GMP formation and decreased cyclic AMP formation in washed human platelets. Both NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and methylene blue attenuated the trilinolein-induced increase in cyclic GMP. 2. Adrenaline decreased not only the production of cyclic AMP but also that of cyclic GMP. Trilinolein antagonized the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on cyclic GMP formation, but potentiated the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on cyclic AMP accumulation. 3. Both trilinolein and adrenaline enhanced intracellular calcium but the increment of intracellular calcium induced by them was much less than that produced by thrombin. 4. We propose that the anti-platelet effect of trilinolein is mediated through an increase in cyclic GMP, and that the change in cyclic GMP results from stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis in platelets. 5. We also propose that reduction of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are involved in adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Shen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hong CY, Lai LJ, Huang YT. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of trilinolein: mediated by nitric oxide and cyclic GMP. Life Sci 1995; 57:1309-15. [PMID: 7545773 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(95)02088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
At concentrations ranged from 0.1 nM to 1 microM, trilinolein concentration-dependently relaxed the phenylephrine-induced constriction of isolated rat aorta. Concentration-response curves for the interaction between trilinolein and phenylephrine showed that trilinolein was unlikely a competitive antagonist of phenylephrine. The vasorelaxant effect of trilinolein was dependent on the presence of intact endothelium. Both NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and methylene blue antagonized this vasorelaxant effect. L-arginine partially reversed the effect of L-NAME on trilinolein. Linoleic acid had no vasorelaxant effect. We concluded that trilinolein is an endothelium dependent vasorelaxant and the underlying mechanism could be a stimulation of the nitric oxide and cyclic GMP pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Hong
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
At concentrations ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-6) M, trilinolein inhibited epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. This inhibition was accompanied by reduced ATP release and thromboxane B2 formation. However, concentration-response curves for the interaction between trilinolein and epinephrine showed that trilinolein was unlikely a competitive antagonist of epinephrine. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin, ADP or arachidonic acid was not inhibited. This study supported the theory that this type of triglyceride may have therapeutic potential but the definite mechanism for its effect remains to be answered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Lai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|