Manouchehri A, Nekoukar Z, Malakian A, Zakariaei Z. Tramadol poisoning and its management and complications: a scoping review.
Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023;
85:3982-3989. [PMID:
37554850 PMCID:
PMC10406095 DOI:
10.1097/ms9.0000000000001075]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED
Tramadol (TR) is an opioid agonist (μ-opioid receptors) that also affects the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. TR is a synthetic analgesic substance with opioid agonist properties that has been approved for pain management by affecting the central nervous system.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this scoping review was to determine the poisoning consequences of TR and its associated symptom management techniques, as well as its effect on opioid and non-opioid receptors, metabolism, and complications on various organ systems.
DISCUSSION
Typically, acute overdose of TR is not considered life threatening, and most fatalities are attributed to polysubstance overdose. TR can cause drowsiness, headaches, seizures, respiratory depression, low heart rate, coma, and even death. Additionally, the prolonged use of TR can lead to addiction, with withdrawal resulting in both common and atypical symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, it is recommended that patients with TR poisoning receive close monitoring of their cardiovascular system, along with a comprehensive management plan for their levels of consciousness and respiratory function.
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