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Ahmed Khan D, Shahid A, Sherif AE, Aati HY, Abdullah M, Mehmood K, Hussain M, Basit A, Ahmad Ghalloo B, ur Rehman Khan K. A detailed biochemical characterization, toxicological assessment and molecular docking studies of Launaea fragilis: An important medicinal xero-halophyte. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:1047-1060. [PMID: 37250362 PMCID: PMC10212792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Launaea fragilis (Asso) Pau (Family: Asteraceae) is a wild medicinal plant that has been used in the folklore as a potential treatment for numerous ailments such as skin diseases, diarrhea, infected wounds, inflammation, child fever and hepatic pain. This study explored the chemical constitution, in-vivo toxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition potential of ethanolic extract of L. fragilis (EELF). Additionally, in-silico docking studies of predominant compounds were performed against in-vitro tested enzymes. Similarly, in-silico ADMET properties of the compounds were performed to determine their pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, and toxicity profiles. The EELF was found rich in TFC (73.45 ± 0.25 mg QE/g) and TPC (109.02 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g). GC-MS profiling of EELF indicated the presence of a total of 47 compounds mainly fatty acids and essential oil. EELF showed no toxicity or growth retardation in chicks up to 300 mg/kg with no effect on the biochemistry and hematology of the chicks. EELF gave promising antioxidant activity through the CUPRAC method with an IC50 value of 13.14 ± 0.18 µg/ml. The highest inhibition activity against tyrosinase followed by acetylcholinesterase and α-Glucosidase was detected. Similarly, the antimicrobial study revealed the extract with good antibacterial and antiviral activity. A good docking score was observed in the in silico computational study of the predominant compounds. The findings revealed L. fragilis as a biocompatible, potent therapeutic alternative and suggest isolation and further in vivo pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Afia Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa E. Sherif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hanan Y. Aati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota 55454, MN, USA
| | - Kashif ur Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
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Saleem H, Khurshid U, Sarfraz M, Tousif MI, Alamri A, Anwar S, Alamri A, Ahmad I, Abdallah HH, Mahomoodally FM, Ahemad N. A comprehensive phytochemical, biological, toxicological and molecular docking evaluation of Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk.: An edible halophyte medicinal plant. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112348. [PMID: 34144099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Suaeda fruticosa is an edible medicinal halophyte known for its traditional uses. In this study, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of S. fruticosa were explored for phytochemical, biological and toxicological parameters. Total phenolic and flavonoid constituents were determined by using standard aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, and UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract was performed for tentative identification of secondary metabolites. Different standard methods like DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and metal chelation assays were utilized to find out the antioxidant potential of extracts. Enzyme inhibition studies of extracts against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and, α-glucosidase enzymes were also studied. Likewise, the cytotoxicity was also assessed against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and DU-145 cell lines. The higher phenolic and flavonoids contents were observed in methanol extracts which can be correlated to its higher radical scavenging potential. Similarly, 11 different secondary metabolites were tentatively identified by UHPLC profiling. Both the extract showed significant inhibition against all the enzymes except for α-glucosidase. Moreover, docking studies were also performed against the tested enzymes. In the case of cytotoxicity, both the samples were found moderately toxic against the tested cell lines. This plant can be explored further for its potential therapeutic and edible uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Umair Khurshid
- Bahawalpur College of Pharmacy, Bahawalpur Medical and Dental College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hassan H Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Fawzi M Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel semicarbazones as potent Ryanodine receptor1 inhibitors of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pervaiz I, Saleem H, Sarfraz M, Imran Tousif M, Khurshid U, Ahmad S, Zengin G, Ibrahime Sinan K, Locatelli M, Mahomoodally FM, Asnawi Zainal Abidin S, Ahemad N. Multidirectional insights into the phytochemical, biological, and multivariate analysis of the famine food plant (Calligonum polygonoides L).: A novel source of bioactive phytocompounds. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109606. [PMID: 33233202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calligonum polygonoides L. also known as famine food plant, is normally consumed in times of food scarcity in India and Pakistan and also used traditionally in the management of common diseases. The present design aims to provide an insight into the medicinal potential of four solvent extracts of C. polygonoides via an assessment of its phytochemical profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Phytochemical composition was estimated by deducing total bioactive constituents, UHPLC-MS secondary metabolites profile, and HPLC phenolic quantification. Antioxidant potential was determined via six methods (radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant capacity and metal chelation activity). Enzyme inhibitory potential was assessed against clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase -AChE, butyrylcholinesterase -BChE, tyrosinase, and α-amylase). The highest amounts of phenolic contents were found in chloroform extract (76.59 mg GAE/g extract) which may be attributed to its higher radical scavenging, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition potential. The n-butanol extract containing the maximum amount of flavonoids (55.84 mg RE/g extract) exhibited highest metal chelating capacity. Similarly, the n-hexane extract was found to be most active against AChE (4.65 mg GALAE/g extract), BChE (6.59 mg GALAE/g extract), and α-amylase (0.70 mmol ACAE/g extract) enzymes. Secondary metabolite assessment of the crude methanol extract as determined by UHPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 (negative ionization mode) and 15 (positive ionization mode) secondary metabolites, with most of them belonging to phenolic, flavonoids, terpene, and alkaloid groups. Moreover, gallic acid and naringenin were the main phenolics quantified by HPLC-PDA analysis in all the tested extracts (except n-butanol extract). PCA statistical analysis was also conducted to establish any possible relationship amongst bioactive contents and biological activities. Overall, the C. polygonoides extracts could be further considered to isolate bioactive enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant natural phytocompounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Pervaiz
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Umair Khurshid
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus/Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fawzi M Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Global Asia in The 21st Century (GA21) Multidisciplinary Research Platform, Monash University, Malaysia.
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Ye M, Moon J, Yang J, Hwa Lim H, Bin Hong S, Shim I, Bae H. The standardized Lycium chinense fruit extract protects against Alzheimer's disease in 3xTg-AD mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:85-90. [PMID: 26102549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. This disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder accompanied with severe learning and memory impairment. This study investigated whether treatment with standardized Lycii Fructus Extract (LFE) would improve the cognitive function and the pathological features of AD in 3xTg-AD mice. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycii Fructus is a fruit of Lycium chinense Miller and widely distributed in East Asia and has been used traditionally for anti-aging purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice was assessed using the Morris water maze test. The levels of the amyloid beta deposits and NeuN in the hippocampus were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Brain neurotrophic derived factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions were examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS LFE treatment significantly ameliorated learning and memory deficits in AD mice, as shown by increased time spent in the target zone during probe tests. In addition, LFE significantly decreased Aβ deposits, increased NeuN-positive cells, and upregulated the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the 3xTg AD mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that LFE treatment can be a useful strategy for treating memory impairment induced by several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Moon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwa Lim
- Biomix Inc. 142 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bin Hong
- Biomix Inc. 142 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medical Science Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Han K, Jia N, Li J, Yang L, Min LQ. Chronic caffeine treatment reverses memory impairment and the expression of brain BNDF and TrkB in the PS1/APP double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:737-40. [PMID: 23900282 PMCID: PMC3782531 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of varying doses of caffeine on memory impairment and the expression of brain neurotrophic derived factor (BNDF) and TrkB in PS1/APP double transgenic mouse models. PS1/APP double transgenic mice were administered 0.3 ml/day of saline, 1.5 mg/day of caffeine or 0.75 mg/day of caffeine for eight weeks. A water maze test and western blotting were used to determine the memory capability and expression of hippocampal BNDF and TrkB of the mice. The results demonstrated that 0.75 mg/day and 1.5 mg/day doses of caffeine significantly increased memory capability and the expression of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB in PS1/APP mice with a dose-response effect. The results suggested that chronic caffeine treatment may reverse memory impairment in PS1/APP transgenic mice, and BDNF and its receptor TrkB, may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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