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Nimgaonkar I, Jamgochian M, Milgraum DM, Pappert AS, Milgraum SS. Ulerythema ophryogenes in association with MAP3K1-mutated Swyer syndrome. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 25:43-46. [PMID: 35755173 PMCID: PMC9213218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Zhu JL, Goff HW. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia skin infiltrates presenting as eyebrow alopecia and erythematous pruritic papules refractory to treatment with topical steroids. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:2521-2523. [PMID: 33363771 PMCID: PMC7752634 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a patient who presented with erythematous papules and hair loss solely limited to the eyebrows. Clinicians should be aware of this presentation of leukemia cutis and consider this diagnosis in a patient with a history of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L. Zhu
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Heather W. Goff
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
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Wang JF, Orlow SJ. Keratosis Pilaris and its Subtypes: Associations, New Molecular and Pharmacologic Etiologies, and Therapeutic Options. Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:733-757. [PMID: 30043128 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Keratosis pilaris is a common skin disorder comprising less common variants and rare subtypes, including keratosis pilaris rubra, erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli, and the spectrum of keratosis pilaris atrophicans. Data, and critical analysis of existing data, are lacking, so the etiologies, pathogeneses, disease associations, and treatments of these clinical entities are poorly understood. The present article aims to fill this knowledge gap by reviewing literature in the PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases and providing a comprehensive, analytical summary of the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of keratosis pilaris and its subtypes through the lens of disease associations, genetics, and pharmacologic etiologies. Histopathologic, genomic, and epidemiologic evidence points to keratosis pilaris as a primary disorder of the pilosebaceous unit as a result of inherited mutations or acquired disruptions in various biomolecular pathways. Recent data highlight aberrant Ras signaling as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of keratosis pilaris and its subtypes. We also evaluate data on treatments for keratosis pilaris and its subtypes, including topical, systemic, and energy-based therapies. The effectiveness of various types of lasers in treating keratosis pilaris and its subtypes deserves wider recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Wang
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Seth J Orlow
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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4
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Turegano MM, Sperling LC. Lichenoid folliculitis: A unifying concept. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:647-654. [PMID: 28345255 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin diseases presenting with keratotic papules, atrophy, cicatricial alopecia and/or "lichenoid" histopathologic changes have been described under at least 30 names. This family of diseases contains 2 subgroups, largely based on clinical features: keratosis pilaris atrophicans (KPA; including keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei/ulerythema ophryogenes, atrophoderma vermiculatum, and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans); and the lichen planopilaris (LPP) subgroup (including LPP, frontal fibrosing alopecia, Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lassueur Syndrome and fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution). An interface dermatitis with lichenoid inflammation is characteristic of the LPP group of disorders, but the literature provides scant information about the histopathology of the KPA group. Our experience has been that the 2 subgroups show a unifying histologic similarity as well as considerable clinical overlap. Because these conditions overlap clinically and histologically, we propose that the term lichenoid folliculitis (LF) be used to refer to this group of diseases, thus simplifying cumbersome nomenclature and highlighting the possibility of shared pathogenesis and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamina M Turegano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Dermatopathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Maryland
| | - Leonard C Sperling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Maryland
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Abstract
Noonan syndrome is a common autosomal dominant condition, readily recognisable in childhood. It is characterised by a pattern of typical facial dysmorphism and malformations including congenital cardiac defects, short stature, abnormal chest shape, broad or webbed neck, and a variable learning disability. Mildly affected adults may not be diagnosed until the birth of a more obviously affected child. The phenotype is highly variable. Important progress in understanding the molecular basis of this and other related conditions was made in 2001 when germline mutations in the PTPN11 gene were found to account for ∼50% of cases. Since then, mutations in additional genes in the rat sarcoma (RAS) pathway have been identified in a proportion of the remainder. Molecular confirmation of diagnosis is now possible for many families and has become increasingly important in guiding management. Increased awareness by paediatricians will lead to earlier diagnosis, and provide patients and their families with accurate genetic counselling, including options when planning pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Turner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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Liakou AI, Esteves de Carvalho AV, Nazarenko LP. Trias of keratosis pilaris, ulerythema ophryogenes and 18p monosomy: Zouboulis syndrome. J Dermatol 2014; 41:371-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini I. Liakou
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
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Abstract
Noonan Syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, typical face dysmorphology, and congenital heart defects. NS is a clinical diagnosis. Establishing the diagnosis can be very difficult, especially in adulthood. There is a great variability in expression, and the phenotype becomes less pronounced with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Agarwal
- Department of Endocrinology, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Philip
- Department of Endocrinology, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Gutch
- Department of Endocrinology, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K. K. Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Li K, Thomas MA, Haber RM. Ulerythema Ophryogenes, A Rarely Reported Cutaneous Manifestation of Noonan Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Cutan Med Surg 2013; 17:212-8. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2011.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ulerythema ophryogenes (also known as keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei) is a rarely reported cutaneous manifestation of Noonan syndrome. Objective: Recognizing ulerythema ophryogenes as a cutaneous association in Noonan syndrome may aid in the diagnosis of this relatively common genetic condition. Methods: We present a case of a patient with Noonan syndrome and ulerythema ophryogenes associated with a SOS1 mutation and review the literature on this association. Results: To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of Noonan syndrome proven to be due to an SOS1 mutation in which ulerythema ophryogenes was clinically recognized and specifically diagnosed. Conclusions: The presence of ulerythema ophryogenes in a patient with Noonan syndrome increases the likelihood of a SOS1 mutation. Further reports by dermatologists and medical geneticists documenting ulerythema ophryogenes and not just descriptions of sparse or absent eyebrows will help support this genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayi Li
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, and the Department of Medical Genetics and Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - Mary Ann Thomas
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, and the Department of Medical Genetics and Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - Richard M. Haber
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, and the Department of Medical Genetics and Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
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Eyebrow reconstruction in dormant keratosis pilaris atrophicans. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011; 64:e303-5. [PMID: 21723799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and successful case of eyebrow reconstruction, in dormant keratosis pilaris atrophicans, is presented. Keratosis pilaris atrophicans is a benign hereditary disorder of unknown aetiology. Grouped keratotic follicular papules and perifollicular erythema affect the cheeks and eyebrows, with a subsequent atrophic stage that results in scarring and alopecia. It often presents during early infancy with remission during adulthood. A 33 year old man presented with scarring and alopecia of the eyebrows and was followed over a total 4 year period during which reconstruction was achieved using individual hair follicle micrografts. Composite scalp grafts and flaps, more often than hair follicle micrografting techniques, are described in the literature for reconstruction of the eyebrows in a range of conditions. This case provides an encouraging example of successful micrografting in dormant inflammatory cutaneous disease.
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Dianzani C, Pizzuti A, Gaspardini F, Bernardini L, Rizzo B, Degener AM. Ulerythema ophryogenes, a rare and often misdiagnosed syndrome: analysis of an idiopathic case. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:523-7. [PMID: 21658329 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a follicular hyperkeratosis disorder which is frequently detected in the adult population (44%), mostly in female adolescents (80%). It is a genetic autodominant dermatosis with variable penetrance, but no specific gene association has been determined, even though association to the presence of chromosome 18p deletion has been reported in some cases. We report the case of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman affected by keratosis pilaris gradually progressing with age and with a story of multiple abortions. Standard karyotype and CGH array analyses did not reveal any genetic abnormality. Virological analyses detected the presence of HPV 36 DNA inside the dorsum biopsy, leading to hypothesize its involvement in the evolution of the lesion. Clinical history and patient examination led the diagnosis of an idiopathic case of Ulerythema ophryogenes. The analysis of more cases could be useful to verify the involvement of cutaneous HPV in the progression of the clinical manifestation of the KP variants.
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Alcántara González J, Boixeda P, Truchuelo Díez MT, Fleta Asín B. Keratosis pilaris rubra and keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei treated with pulsed dye laser: report of 10 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:710-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Noonan Syndrome (NS) is characterised by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology and congenital heart defects. The incidence of NS is estimated to be between 1:1000 and 1:2500 live births. The main facial features of NS are hypertelorism with down-slanting palpebral fissures, ptosis and low-set posteriorly rotated ears with a thickened helix. The cardiovascular defects most commonly associated with this condition are pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other associated features are webbed neck, chest deformity, mild intellectual deficit, cryptorchidism, poor feeding in infancy, bleeding tendency and lymphatic dysplasias. The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. In approximately 50% of cases, the disease is caused by missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene on chromosome 12, resulting in a gain of function of the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 protein. Recently, mutations in the KRAS gene have been identified in a small proportion of patients with NS. A DNA test for mutation analysis can be carried out on blood, chorionic villi and amniotic fluid samples. NS should be considered in all foetuses with polyhydramnion, pleural effusions, oedema and increased nuchal fluid with a normal karyotype. With special care and counselling, the majority of children with NS will grow up and function normally in the adult world. Management should address feeding problems in early childhood, evaluation of cardiac function and assessment of growth and motor development. Physiotherapy and/or speech therapy should be offered if indicated. A complete eye examination and hearing evaluation should be performed during the first few years of schooling. Preoperative coagulation studies are indicated. Signs and symptoms lessen with age and most adults with NS do not require special medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke van der Burgt
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre st Radboud, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Keratosis pilaris and ulerythema ophryogenes (keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei) are hereditary disorders with altered follicular keratinization that show follicular, horny papules surrounded by an erythematous halo. Ulerythema ophryogenes is an uncommon variant of keratosis pilaris characterized by erythematous follicular papules of the eyebrows and cheeks followed by a gradual loss of hair. On the background of 15-year-old boy who presented with keratosis pilaris and ulerythema ophryogenes, we discuss the various clinical manifestations of keratosis pilaris.
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Manci EA, Martinez JE, Horenstein MG, Gardner TM, Ahmed A, Mancao MC, Gremse DA, Gardner DM, Nimityongskul P, Maertens P, Riddick L, Kavamura MI. Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) with congenital peripheral neuropathy and nonorganic malnutrition: an autopsy study. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137:1-8. [PMID: 16007634 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many phenotypic manifestations have been reported in cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, but none, to date, are pathognomonic or obligatory. Previous histopathological studies reported findings in skin and hair; no autopsy studies have been published. We report the clinical and autopsy findings of a 7-year-old boy with severe CFC syndrome and malnutrition of psychosocial origin. Manifestations of CFC, reported previously, included macrocephaly and macrosomia at birth; short stature; hypotonia; global developmental delays; dry, sparse thin curly hair; sparse eyebrows and eyelashes; dilated cerebral ventricles; high cranial vault; bitemporal constriction; supraorbital ridge hypoplasia; hypertelorism; ptosis; exophthalmos; depressed nasal bridge; anteverted nostrils; low-set, posteriorly-rotated, large, thick ears; decayed, dysplastic teeth; strabismus; hyperelastic skin; wrinkled palms; keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei; ulerythema ophryogenes; hyperkeratosis; gastroesophageal reflux; and tracheobronchomalacia. Additional findings, not previously reported, include islet cell hyperplasia, lymphoid depletion, thymic atrophy and congenital hypertrophy of peripheral nerves with onion bulb formations. Although the islet cell hyperplasia, lymphoid depletion, and thymic atrophy are nonspecific findings that may be associated with either CFC or malnutrition, the onion bulb hypertrophy is specific for a demyelinating-remyelinating neuropathy. These findings implicate congenital peripheral neuropathy in the pathogenesis of the developmental delays, feeding difficulties, respiratory difficulties, ptosis and short stature in this case. Additional studies of other cases of CFC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Manci
- Pediatric Pathology, University of South Alabama Children's and Women's Hospital, Mobile, 36604, USA.
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Bertola DR, Pereira AC, de Oliveira PSL, Kim CA, Krieger JE. Clinical variability in a Noonan syndrome family with a new PTPN11 gene mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 130A:378-83. [PMID: 15384080 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder comprising short stature, facial dysmorphism, short and/or webbed neck, heart defects, and cryptorchidism in males. The gene responsible for the disorder (PTPN11) was recently identified, and explains 30-50% of the cases clinically diagnosed as NS. Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, a similar but distinct entity, is characterized by relative macrocephaly, characteristic facial appearance, ectodermal abnormalities (sparse and friable hair, sparse eyebrows, hyperkeratotic skin), congenital heart defects, and growth and mental retardation. We describe on a young woman who presents clinical features of NS (short stature, triangular facies, with downslanting palpebral fissures and apparent hypertelorism, webbed neck, pulmonary stenosis, bleeding diathesis, prominent corneal nerves), but with a more prominent ectodermal involvement (sparse and very coarse hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes) and developmental delay/mental retardation, which are characteristic of CFC patients. Sequencing of the PTPN11 gene showed a T411M substitution, not previously described in patients with NS. The same mutation was found in her mother and older sister, not initially considered to be affected by NS, but with very subtle clinical findings compatible with this diagnosis. Molecular dynamic studies indicate that this new mutation, similar to other previously described mutations, favors a more active protein conformation. However, the main disruptive effect is not directly in the catalytic domain, suggesting that the location of this mutation could make the protein more susceptible to gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. Atypical cases of NS should be screened for mutations in the PTPN11 gene and in the case of a positive result, first-degree relatives should also be tested for the specific mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Romeo Bertola
- Genetics Clinic Unit, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Keratosis pilaris atrophicans is a group of three rare and distinct clinical entities representing the scarring types of keratosis pilaris. To date, our complete understanding of these processes and therapeutics are suboptimal. This case series illustrates unique aspects of each entity and offers a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanders R Callaway
- Section of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30904, USA
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Gómez-Díez S, Fernández-Toral J, Rodríguez-Vigil T, Manjón JA, Pérez-Oliva N. Síndrome cardiofaciocutáneo con acantosis nigricans. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(03)76672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Kavamura MI, Peres CA, Alchorne MMA, Brunoni D. CFC index for the diagnosis of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 112:12-6. [PMID: 12239713 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Controversy exists concerning the delineation of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC). Many authors have attempted to establish syndrome traits for CFC, but to date none are pathognomonic or obligatory. We have created a clinical and objective method, called the CFC index, for CFC diagnosis. This method also differentiates CFC from Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome, CFC's main differential diagnosis. We propose the use of the CFC index for the confirmation of CFC diagnosis and to differentiate CFC from other phenotypically similar genetic conditions, while molecular studies are still in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Kavamura
- Centro de Genética Médica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil.
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Abdelmalek NF, Gerber TL, Menter A. Cardiocutaneous syndromes and associations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:161-83; quiz 183-6. [PMID: 11807427 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2002.120928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple cardiocutaneous syndromes and associations are described and reviewed with the emphasis on syndromes that are likely first to be recognized by dermatologists, thereby creating awareness of potential significant cardiovascular disease. Multiple lentigines syndrome, the Carney complex, and Marfan syndrome are examples of syndromes with embryologic and genetic overlap between the cardiac and cutaneous systems. An exhaustive, complete listing of every known disorder or syndrome with combined cardiac and cutaneous findings is beyond the scope of this review. However, all the common associations, both acquired and inherited, including connective tissue, autoimmune, infiltrative, and endocrine disorders are discussed. Because of the serious nature of many of the cardiac defects, early recognition of these conditions by dermatologists and appropriate referrals to colleagues is essential; in addition, when appropriate, genetic counseling is recommended for known heritable disorders. LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the embryology of the neural crest, specifically the development of melanocytes and the heart with its vessels, leading to shared abnormalities of the two systems; the major syndromes and associations producing both cutaneous changes, especially of the pigment systems, and cardiovascular abnormalities; the role of the dermatologist in recognizing these changes; and the need to be cognizant and alert in helping screen for associated systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla F Abdelmalek
- Division of Dermatology and Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abstract
A 17-year-old woman with Cornelia de Lange syndrome had asymptomatic skin lesions since the age of 4 years. These were multiple, follicular, horny papules, present on both cheeks, and surrounded by erythematous skin. Similar lesions were present on the external aspect of the arms, but amidst skin of normal coloration. Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei (ulerythema ophryogenes) has been described as a cutaneous marker for several congenital syndromes. To our knowledge, its possible association with Cornelia de Lange syndrome has never been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Flórez
- Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Abstract
An 11-year-old boy affected by mental retardation and seizures demonstrates congenital heart defect, many dysmorphic features and dry skin. His hair is sparse over the vertex with alopecia of the eyebrows and eyelashes. There are horny small papules evident in those areas. The diagnosis of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome has been made. The relationship between cardiofaciocutaneous and Noonan syndrome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schepis
- Unit of Dermatology, Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
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Gómez Centeno P, Rosón E, Peteiro C, Mercedes Pereiro M, Toribio J. Rubinstein--Taybi syndrome and ulerythema ophryogenes in a 9-year-old boy. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16:134-6. [PMID: 10337678 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.1999.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is characterized by the presence of a peculiar facies, mental retardation, and broad thumbs and great toes. Several associated cutaneous abnormalities have been reported with this syndrome. Ulerythema ophryogenes is a form of follicular keratosis associated occasionally with other ectodermal defects and congenital anomalies. We describe a 9-year-old child with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and ulerythema ophryogenes. This association has not been described previously to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez Centeno
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Galicia, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Carvajal-Huerta L. Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 39:418-21. [PMID: 9738775 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new cardiocutaneous syndrome has been noted, characterized by an epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair, and associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE This describes the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of this new syndrome. METHODS Eighteen patients were examined clinically and histologically from 1970 to 1997. Cardiologic examinations were performed in 12 patients. The cutaneous lesions were classified according to the presence of obligatory and facultative elements of the syndrome. RESULTS Patients were born with woolly hair. Around the first year palmoplantar keratoderma and the other keratotic elements appeared. The first cardiac abnormalities are exclusively electrocardiographic and occur in asymptomatic patients. In these patients, dilation of the left ventricle together with alterations in muscle contractility are observed. The dilated cardiomyopathy can lead to congestive heart failure and death. CONCLUSION The association of woolly hair and palmoplantar keratoderma with a histopathologic pattern of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis has not been previously described. Their frequent association with dilated cardiomyopathy defines a cardiocutaneous syndrome. Whenever woolly hair is associated with any kind of palmoplantar keratoderma, a search for possible cardiac abnormalities is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schepis
- Unit of Dermatology, Oasi Institute (IRCCS) for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy
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Noonan J, O'Connor W. Noonan syndrome: a clinical description emphasizing the cardiac findings. ACTA PAEDIATRICA JAPONICA : OVERSEAS EDITION 1996; 38:76-83. [PMID: 8992867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1996.tb03443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Noonan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084, USA
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28
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Abstract
The Noonan syndrome is a rare disease characterized by dysmorphic facies, short stature, ear abnormalities, cryptorchidism, ocular abnormalities, cardiovascular anomalies, cubitus valgus, webbed neck, and cutaneous and hair abnormalities. Some 25% to 40% of patients have dermatologic abnormalities. Diagnosis is purely clinical, and intrauterine diagnosis is very important based on the presence of cystic hygroma and evidence of myocardial abnormalities. Treatment is symptomatic. Genetic counseling is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Daoud
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Noonan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084
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Abstract
The cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome has several features in common with the Noonan syndrome, but is distinguished by the presence of hyperkeratotic skin lesions, abnormal hair, and a lack of familial cases. We describe a family who clearly satisfy the criteria for the CFC syndrome, and show other features which have been reported in the Noonan syndrome but not in the CFC syndrome, namely a haemorrhagic diathesis and ocular abnormalities. This supports the concept that the CFC syndrome is a manifestation of the Noonan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Ward
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Abstract
Melanocytic nevi have been reported in association with several congenital syndromes. This review describes the clinical and cutaneous manifestations of six syndromes associated with congenital melanocytic nevi, two associated with acquired nevi, and six associated with melanocytic nevi in which insufficient evidence exists to classify them as congenital or acquired. It is important to recognize these associations to evaluate and counsel patients with melanocytic nevi. Early recognition will also facilitate timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Marghoob
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016
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Phillips WG, Dunnill MG, Kurwa AR, Black MM. Orbital oedema: an unusual presentation of Noonan's syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1993; 129:190-2. [PMID: 7654583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a 52-year-old man who presented with severe chronic bilateral orbital oedema, and dysmorphic features characteristic of Noonan's syndrome. No recognized cause of the orbital oedema was found. This is the first report of late-onset orbital oedema in association with Noonan's syndrome, a condition known to be associated with widespread lymphatic hypoplasia and ectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Phillips
- St John's Institute of Dermatology (UMDS), St. Thomas' Hospital, London, U.K
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33
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Abstract
The recently described cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome is within the spectrum of multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndromes. We describe two additional cases and review 22 previously reported cases. Our two patients had many of the cardinal features of the disorder: a peculiar craniofacial appearance with sparse curly hair, low-set posteriorly rotated ears, moderate to severe mental retardation, heart defects, and cutaneous abnormalities such as ichthyosis, widespread keratosis pilaris, keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei, and palmoplantar keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Borradori
- Clinique des maladies cutanées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Louis, Paris
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34
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Somer M, Peippo M, Aalto-Korte K, Ritvanen A, Niemi KM. Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome: three additional cases and review of the literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 44:691-5. [PMID: 1481834 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320440531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report on 3 patients with the cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. Each of them was a sporadic case in the family. The severity of the psychomotor retardation varied from mild to severe. Skin manifestations were often minimal, but each patient had abnormally curly and brittle hair. A skin biopsy from one of the patients showed vellus hair cysts filled with keratin, and the hair follicles were surrounded by unusually thick fibrotic sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Somer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Takács I, Berkessy S, Hártó G. Primary malignant neoplasms associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Postgrad Med J 1992; 68:595-6. [PMID: 1437965 PMCID: PMC2399387 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.68.801.595-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Jolobe OM. Doppler echocardiography in elderly patients with ejection systolic murmurs. Postgrad Med J 1992; 68:595. [PMID: 1437963 PMCID: PMC2399375 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.68.801.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Clinical details are presented on 151 individuals with Noonan syndrome (83 males and 68 females, mean age 12.6 years). Polyhydramnios complicated 33% of affected pregnancies. The commonest cardiac lesions were pulmonary stenosis (62%), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (20%), with a normal echocardiogram present in only 12.5% of all cases. Significant feeding difficulties during infancy were present in 76% of the group. Although the children were short (50% with a height less than 3rd centile), and underweight (43% with a weight less than 3rd centile), the mean head circumference of the group was on the 50th centile. Motor milestone delay was usual, the cohort having a mean age of sitting unsupported of 10 months and walking of 21 months. Abnormal vision (94%) and hearing (40%) were frequent findings, but 89% of the group were attending normal primary or secondary schools. Other associations included undescended testicles (77%), hepatosplenomegaly (50%), and evidence of abnormal bleeding (56%). The mean age at diagnosis of Noonan syndrome in this group was 9.0 years. Earlier diagnosis of this common condition would aid both clinical management and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharland
- St George's Hospital Medical School, London, Tooting
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Neri G, Zollino M, Reynolds JF. The Noonan-CFC controversy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1991; 39:367-70. [PMID: 1867292 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320390323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Noonan syndrome and the cardio-faciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome have been described as phenotypically and genetically distinct entities. However, the resemblance between them led some authors to question the validity of this separation. We review available clinical evidence to support the opposite view, namely, that the Noonan and CFC syndromes are indeed distinct and separate conditions, both falling within the broad and causally heterogeneous spectrum of the Noonan/congenital lymphedema phenotype.
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Fryer AE, Holt PJ, Hughes HE. The cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome and Noonan syndrome: are they the same? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1991; 38:548-51. [PMID: 2063896 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320380410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The distinction between the cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC) and the Noonan syndrome (NS) has been based on the presence of a characteristic facies, abnormal hair and skin, and sporadic occurrence. However, all reports of the CFC syndrome comment on the similarity between it and NS, and its sporadic nature is now debatable. This report demonstrates the evolution of the clinical phenotype in a patient with the CFC syndrome and prompts us to question the validity of separating CFC from NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Fryer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K
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Affiliation(s)
- P M McHenry
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Piérard GE, Soyeur-Broux M, Estrada JA, Piérard-Franchimont C, Soyeur D, Verloes A. Cutaneous presentation of the cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22:920-2. [PMID: 2335585 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present the clinical and histologic features of the cutaneous lesions in a girl with cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. Marked tortuosity with hyperkeratosis of the sweat ducts and dystrophy of the hair shafts appear to be the cutaneous hallmarks of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Piérard
- Department of Dermatopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Snell
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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45
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Burnett JW, Schwartz MF, Berberian BJ. Ulerythema ophryogenes with multiple congenital anomalies. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 18:437-40. [PMID: 3343412 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(88)70065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ulerythema ophryogenes, a rare dermatologic disorder characterized by inflammatory keratotic facial papules that may result in scars, atrophy, and alopecia, can occur in association with other congenital anomalies. A case reported here was accompanied by an unusual facies, developmental delay, central nervous system abnormalities, dental anomalies, and undescended testes. There was no response of the cutaneous lesions to topical keratolytics, topical tretinoin, or a short course of oral isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Burnett
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Abstract
Noonan's syndrome is a clinically recognisable short stature syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance. The diagnosis can be difficult as the phenotypic expression is very variable. There has been an attempt to divide this syndrome into type I (in which the facial features, especially ptosis, antimongoloid eye slant, and hypertelorism are prominent) and type II (where cardiological abnormalities are more to the fore), but this has not yet been confirmed by other studies.
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Abstract
After an introduction dealing with the "historical evolution" of the Noonan syndrome (NS), we try to define the NS phenotype based on clinical descriptions published since 1883. The theories concerning the cause of the NS are discussed fully. The peculiar cardiac involvement deserves special attention and raises the question of whether the Watson and LEOPARD syndromes are indistinguishable from NS. Finally, the recent contributions to the variability of the NS phenotype (reports on lymphatic dysplasia, partial deficiency of factor XI, malignant hyperthermia, perceptual-motor disabilities, and endocrine evaluation) are also described.
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Neild VS, Pegum JS, Wells RS. The association of keratosis pilaris atrophicans and woolly hair, with and without Noonan's syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1984; 110:357-62. [PMID: 6696850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe two cases in which keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei (ulerythema oophryogenes) occurred in association with hereditary woolly hair. This association also occurred in the father of case I. In case 2, Noonan's syndrome was also present.
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Tsuzuki C, Hidano A. Stasis dermatitis in a patient with Noonan's syndrome. J Dermatol 1983; 10:387-9. [PMID: 6366013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1983.tb01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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