1
|
Ghosh P, Muthuraj TS, Bandyopadhyay P, Swarnakar S, Sarkar P, Varatharajan A. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in gingival tissue biopsy in patients with slowly/ moderately and rapidly progressing periodontitis: An observational study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:386-392. [PMID: 34667380 PMCID: PMC8452177 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_811_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of host-derived zinc-dependent enzymes which mediates the destruction of the extracellular matrix. In periodontitis, there is excess production of MMPs associated with periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to estimate the level MMP-9 in both active and latent form in gingival tissue (GT) samples collected from periodontitis patients with different rates of progression and compare it with healthy individuals. Materials and Methods Sixty patients were selected and divided into three groups, 20 each: Group A (slowly/moderately progressing periodontitis), Group B (rapidly progressing periodontitis), and Group C (clinical periodontal health). Plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level were recorded. GT samples were collected from all 60 patients and MMP-9 expressions were measured using gelatin zymography and western blotting. Results Levels of active MMP-9 (aMMP-9) and latent MMP-9 (lMMP-9) were significantly high in both Group A (GA) (aMMP-9: 2.05 arbitrary unit [AU]/lMMP-9: 2.54 AU) and Group B (GB) (aMMP-9: 1.32 AU/lMMP-9: 1.74 AU) when compared to that of Group C (GC) (aMMP-9: 0.93/lMMP-9: 1.08 AU). In GA, levels of aMMP-9 showed a significant correlation with PPD values. No other correlations were found. Conclusion The levels of aMMP-9 and lMMP-9 were increased in both the types of periodontitis when compared with periodontally healthy individuals. A significant correlation was found between PPD and activities of aMMP-9 in slowly/moderately progressing periodontitis patients. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Papita Ghosh
- Department of Periodontics, Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Thamil Selvan Muthuraj
- Department of Periodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Periodontics, Burdwan Dental College and Hospital, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Puja Sarkar
- Department of Dental, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Abinaya Varatharajan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Primary anetoderma in a woman after ovarian stimulations for in vitro fertilization program. JAAD Case Rep 2019; 5:466-467. [PMID: 31193004 PMCID: PMC6510954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|
3
|
|
4
|
Fukayama M, Miyagaki T, Akamata K, Suzuki S, Tanaka M, Sato S. Japanese familial anetoderma: A report of two cases and review of the published work. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1459-1462. [PMID: 30320485 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anetoderma is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by focal loss of dermal elastic tissue, resulting in macular atrophy or herniated saclike skin. Some families with hereditary anetoderma have been described, but there have been no reports on Japanese familial anetoderma so far. We herein report two Japanese sibling cases of primary anetoderma. A healthy 13-year-old Japanese girl and a healthy 15-year-old Japanese girl presented to our hospital with a 6-month history of small atrophic pittings on their arms and trunks. All lesions were less than 0.5 cm in diameter, which are relatively small for non-familial anetoderma. Preceding infections or skin lesions were not observed. A skin biopsy revealed a focal, complete loss of elastic tissue in the superficial to mid-dermis which was surrounded by fine, irregular or twisted elastic fibers. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of anetoderma was made. Review of published works demonstrated that the mode of inheritance of familial anetoderma is not simple, suggesting that it is important to survey any family member of the patients with anetoderma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Fukayama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaname Akamata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Clinicoimmunohistopathologic Study of Anetoderma: Is Protruding Type More Advanced in Stage Than Indented Type? J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:4325463. [PMID: 28116317 PMCID: PMC5225372 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4325463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The clinical and histopathologic classification of anetoderma are not well characterized. Objective. We aimed to investigate the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of anetoderma and to correlate clinical phenotypes with immunohistopathologic findings. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 30 patients with anetoderma and performed immunohistochemistry for elastin, fibrillin-1, metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-12, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase- (TIMP-) 1 and TIMP-2. Results. Protruding type (n = 17) had a longer disease duration and more severe loss of elastin, without changes in fibrillin, than indented type (n = 13). MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed significantly higher expressions in the dermis compared with controls (p < 0.05). MMP-7 and MMP-12 showed little expressions in both anetoderma and control tissue. TIMP-1 was highly expressed in anetoderma lesions and controls. TIMP-2 expression was variable. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that protruding type anetoderma may represent a more advanced stage and that MMP-2 and MMP-9 could be responsible for elastic fiber degradation in anetoderma.
Collapse
|
6
|
Varshney A, Goyal T, Zawar V, Tinguely M, Kempf W. Disseminated anetoderma in a patient with nodal Epstein-Barr virus-associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma: Anetodermic form of a concurrent discordant cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:739-44. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Varshney
- Department of Pathology; Muzaffarnagar Medical College & Hospital; Muzaffarnagar Uttar Pradesh
| | - Tarang Goyal
- Department of Dermatology; Muzaffarnagar Medical College & Hospital; Muzaffarnagar Uttar Pradesh
| | - Vijay Zawar
- Consultant Dermatologist; Skin Diseases Centre Nashik; India
| | - Marianne Tinguely
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik; Research Unit; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik; Research Unit; Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jain N, Rathore BS, Bhardwaj A, Bansal R. Primary anetoderma in a young male involving palms, soles and the scalp: rarest of the rare. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:215. [PMID: 25814749 PMCID: PMC4372953 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.152605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary anetoderma is a rare idiopathic disease of the skin, characterized by circumscribed areas of loose skin, and loss of elastic fibers upon histopathologic examination. Two forms are traditionally distinguished, primary and secondary. Primary anetoderma occurs when there is no underlying associated skin disease, whereas the latter refers to an abnormal repair mechanism of preexisting skin lesions. We are reporting a case of primary anetoderma with lesions present all over the body, including the scalp, palms and soles, the sites that are not known to be involved in this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Jain
- From the Department of Dermatology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bagirath Singh Rathore
- From the Department of Dermatology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Bhardwaj
- From the Department of Dermatology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rani Bansal
- Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ishida Y, Koizumi N, Shinkai H, Miyachi Y, Utani A. Primary Anetoderma: A Case Report and Its Modified Classification. J Dermatol 2014; 32:982-6. [PMID: 16471462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fifty-nine-year-old healthy male presented with fifteen round pouches around his bilateral shoulders and proximal thighs, at which elasticity was lost on palpation. Histopathological examinations demonstrated that the lesional dermis was thinner than normal skin and there was loss of elastic fibers and mild inflammatory cell infiltration. Because there was no preceding inflammatory skin lesion or associated diseases, the patient was diagnosed with primary anetoderma. This is a rare case of primary anetoderma that showed loss of elastic fibers and the thinner dermis. In addition, a modified classification is proposed considering associated diseases with a review of literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gambichler T, Skrygan M. Decreased lysyl oxidase-like 2 expression in mid-dermal elastolysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 305:359-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Naveau A, Lataillade JJ, Fournier BP, Couty L, Prat M, Ferre FC, Gourven M, Durand E, Coulomb B, Lafont A, Gogly B. Phenotypic Study of Human Gingival Fibroblasts in a Medium Enriched With Platelet Lysate. J Periodontol 2011; 82:632-41. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
11
|
Gambichler T. Mid-dermal elastolysis revisited. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 302:85-93. [PMID: 19936772 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-1004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical as well as histological data of 79 mid-dermal elastolysis (MDE) patients reported in the literature were evaluated. MDE is an acquired skin condition of the elastic tissue predominantly manifesting on the trunk and proximal extremities of young women. Most commonly observed skin changes include patches of well-circumscribed fine wrinkles (type I) and perifollicular papular protrusions (type II). Rarely, MDE may also occur with persistent reticular erythema and wrinkling (type III). The critical diagnostic histopathological feature of MDE is the selective loss of elastic fibres in the mid-dermis. Mild lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, elastophagocytosis of elastic fibres by macrophages, and even multinucleate giant cells are occasionally observed in MDE lesions. Immunohistological studies and cell culture experiments indicate that dysbalances in elastin turnover are associated with pathological degradative processes including increased elastolytic activity that finally lead to loss of elastic fibres in the mid-dermis. First-line differential diagnoses may include closely related conditions such as anetoderma, annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma, cutis laxa acquisita and pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis. Future therapeutic approaches in MDE patients should focus on agents that are able to block increased elastase activity and induce elastin synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zattra E, Pigozzi B, Bordignon M, Marino F, Chiarion-Sileni V, Alaibac M. Anetoderma in cutaneous marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e945-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Immunohistochemical Investigation of Mid-Dermal Elastolysis With a History of Erythema. Am J Dermatopathol 2008; 30:477-80. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e318176b874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Requena L, González-Guerra E, Angulo J, DeVore A, Sangueza O. Anetodermic mycosis fungoides: a new clinicopathological variant of mycosis fungoides. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:157-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Naveau A, Smirnov P, Ménager C, Gazeau F, Clément O, Lafont A, Gogly B. Phenotypic study of human gingival fibroblasts labeled with superparamagnetic anionic nanoparticles. J Periodontol 2006; 77:238-47. [PMID: 16460250 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A specific labeler of the human gingival fibroblast (HGF) does not exist. Anionic maghemite nanoparticles allow labeling of a wide cell variety and their recognition in cellular, organotypical, and animal models. METHODS We studied internalization effects of nanoparticles on an HGF phenotype in vitro, evaluating transcription and secretion of connective tissue remodeling molecules, i.e., matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and cytokines controlling their activation/inhibition, i.e., transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukins 1beta and 4 (IL-1beta and IL-4). After proliferation kinetics, cellular uptake was studied by Perls coloration and magnetophoresis on labeled culture. Dot blotting, Western blotting, and zymography were used to detect MMP-1, -2, and -3 and TIMP-1 and -2 secretions in culture supernatants, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA expression of these molecules. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to determine TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-4 levels. RESULTS Our data indicated high (15.3+/-5.8 pg/cell) but heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in HGF. Twenty-four hours after labeling, MMP-1, -2, and -3 and TIMP-2 secretion increased (P<0.001) with RT-PCR confirmation at 12 hours, whereas TIMP-1 did not. IL-1beta increased at day 1 (D1) (P<0.001) and IL-4 at D3 (P<0.01), but not TGF-beta1 or TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS After labeling with these maghemite nanoparticles, HGF increased secretion of IL-1beta at D1, probably inducing the increase of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and TIMP-2. The increase of IL-4 secretion began with the decreased synthesis of MMPs and TIMPs at D3. Despite this transitory inflammatory reaction at 3 days following internalization, maghemite nanoparticles did not affect HGF phenotype, thereby authorizing their use as labelers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Naveau
- Laboratory of Arterial Development Research, Paris Descartes Medicine University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research Combined Team 0016, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chaby G, Viseux V, Chatelain D, Denoeux JP, Lok C. [Myxofibrosarcoma associated with anetoderma]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2006; 133:35-7. [PMID: 16495849 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(06)70840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of malignant cutaneous tumor and secondary anetoderma is rare. Secondary anetoderma in myxofibrosarcoma has not been described to date. We report a case below. CASE REPORT A 80-year-old woman presented with a 40 x 40 mm, round, flesh-colored lesion on her left buttock. Physical examination showed a soft, protuberant lesion, without firm underlying subcutaneous mass. Pathologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed a myxofibrosarcoma, with focal loss of elastic fibers in the overlying dermis. There was no evidence of systemic involvement. One year later, she developed a recurrent tumor at the same site, with similar clinical presentation, which was treated by broad excision. DISCUSSION Secondary anetoderma is usually seen in association with cutaneous infections and benign skin tumors. An anetodermic presentation of myxofibrosarcoma has not been reported to our knowledge. Myxofibrosarcoma (formerly referred to as myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma) is characterized by an abundant myxoid background in at least one half of the tumor. The tumor recurs in almost two-thirds of cases and metastasizes in one-fourth. Our case confirms that a unique, acquired anetodermic lesion can reveal a malignant tumor. A large deep biopsy should be performed systematically when this variety of anetoderma is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chaby
- Service de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie, Hôpital Sud, Amiens.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lewis KG, Bercovitch L, Dill SW, Robinson-Bostom L. Acquired disorders of elastic tissue: part I. Increased elastic tissue and solar elastotic syndromes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 51:1-21; quiz 22-4. [PMID: 15243519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix are an integral component of dermal connective tissue. The resilience and elasticity required for normal structure and function of the skin may be attributed to the network of elastic tissue. Advances in our understanding of elastic tissue physiology provide a foundation for studying the pathogenesis of elastic tissue disorders. Many acquired disorders are nevertheless poorly understood due to the paucity of reported cases. Several acquired disorders in which accumulation or elastotic degeneration of dermal elastic fibers produces prominent clinical and histopathologic features have recently been described. They include elastoderma, linear focal elastosis, and late-onset focal dermal elastosis and must be differentiated from better-known disorders, among them acquired pseudoxanthoma elasticum, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, and Favré-Racouchot syndrome. Learning objective At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should understand the similarities and differences between acquired disorders of elastic tissue that are characterized by an increase in elastic tissue, as well as the spectrum of solar elastotic dermatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevan G Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Brown Medical School-Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aghaei S, Sodaifi M, Aslani FS, Mazharinia N. An unusual presentation of anetoderma: a case report. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2004; 4:9. [PMID: 15318943 PMCID: PMC515307 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Anetoderma is a benign condition with focal loss of dermal elastic tissue resulting in localized areas of flaccid or herniated saclike skin. Currently, anetoderma is classified as either primary (idiopathic), or secondary anetoderma (which is associated with a variety of skin conditions, penicillamine use, or neonatal prematurity). Lesions appear on the upper arms, trunk, and thighs. Case presentation We report a 14-year-old boy, which was noticed to have had multiple, white, non-pruritic areas on the acral sites of upper and lower extremities for two years. In physical examination, the patient had normal mental development. Skin lesions consisted of scattered, white to skin-colored papules, less than 1 cm in diameter, and with central protrusion, with distribution on dorsal part of the index finger, forearms, distal portion of thighs and calves. Lesions were detected neither on the trunk nor the proximal areas of extremities. There are no sensory changes associated with the lesions. Otherwise, his general health was good. He did not have any medication consumption history. Family history was negative. Laboratory examinations were within normal limits. Skin biopsy from one of his lesions was done, that confirmed the diagnosis of anetoderma. Conclusions In summary, we report a case of anetoderma on unusual sites of the skin. We could not find similar reports of anetoderma developing on distal extremities without involvement of the upper trunk and proximal arms, in the medical literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aghaei
- Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Sodaifi
- Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sari Aslani
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sparsa A, Piette JC, Wechsler B, Amoura Z, Francès C. Anetoderma and its prothrombotic abnormalities. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 49:1008-12. [PMID: 14639377 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(03)02110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anetoderma is characterized by circumscribed areas of flaccid skin due to the loss of elastic tissue in the dermis. It may be primary or secondary to various dermatoses. The primary form has been reported in association with autoimmune diseases and recently with antiphospholipid antibodies. Its etiology remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To analyze clinical and laboratory data from a series of patients with anetoderma referred in our university reference center for connective tissue disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS All the consecutive patients with histologically confirmed anetoderma followed in our clinic from 1996 to 2001 were enrolled in this study. Laboratory investigations included the screening for prothrombotic abnormalities and classical immunological investigations for systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Anetoderma was primary in 9 cases and secondary to lupus profundus in 2 cases. Prothrombotic abnormalities were detected in 10 patients (9/9 with primary and 1/2 with secondary anetoderma). Antiphospholipid antibodies were detected in 9 patients. Only 4 patients fulfilled criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome which was primary for 3 and associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in the other. CONCLUSION Patients with anetoderma should be evaluated for the possible presence of a prothrombotic state and warned of its potential risks when present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Sparsa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Pitié, 83 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bodemer C, Tchen SI, Ghomrasseni S, Séguier S, Gaultier F, Fraitag S, de Prost Y, Godeau G. Skin expression of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in sibling patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis and intrafamilial phenotypic variation. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:273-9. [PMID: 12880418 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of COL7A1 mutations have now been reported in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients, and the analysis of phenotype-genotype correlations showed evidence for interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability, occurring for the same mutation. Collagenase and stromelysin activities have been found to be overexpressed in skin cultures of some recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients, and tissue destruction in the disease process might result from an imbalance of metalloproteinases (MMP) over tissueinhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). So we suspected that the phenotypic variability for the same mutation could be linked to other genetic or environmental factors, as a particular balance between MMP and TIMP. Organ cultures were performed using explants from the skin of three patients from the same family with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa to reveal and quantify the expression of MMP-1 (collagenase 1), MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases A and B), MMP-3 (stromelysin 1), TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, and to compare the results with those obtained with two human control skins, with the same experimental conditions. Increased amounts of all metalloproteinases investigated were observed in the skin of the three recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa affected sibling brothers, both in lesioned and in apparently nonlesioned skin, compared with controls. The amounts of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 increased particularly in the skin of the more clinically affected patient. Furthermore for this patient we evidenced higher amounts of MMP-1 and also a lower TIMP-1 amount in his unlesioned and lesioned skin compared with the other two affected patients and with healthy control donors. So we can suspect that recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa phenotypic variability could be related to patients' collagenase activity heterogeneity, linked to imbalance between MMP-1 and TIMP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ejeil AL, Igondjo-Tchen S, Ghomrasseni S, Pellat B, Godeau G, Gogly B. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in healthy and diseased human gingiva. J Periodontol 2003; 74:188-95. [PMID: 12666707 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to quantify the amount of matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-13 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressed by human gingival explants in culture media and the area fraction (AA%) of gingival collagen fibers according to the degree of inflammation, to investigate a possible correlation between these enzymes and collagen loss. METHODS Gingival tissue specimens from 6 healthy controls (group 1), 17 patients with mild gingival inflammation (group 2), 10 patients with moderate gingival inflammation (group 3), and 9 patients with severe gingival inflammation (group 4) were placed in organ culture for 3 days. The MMPs and TIMPs in the culture media were quantified using zymography, dot blotting, and Western blotting. Paraffin gingival sections were stained with sirius red F3Ba for visualization of collagen fibers, then the area fraction (AA%) occupied by the gingival fibers was determined by automated image analysis. RESULTS The AA% occupied by collagen fibers significantly decreased from group 1 (53%) to group 4 (35%). The decrease in collagen fibers was inversely correlated with the significant increase in MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13 (dot blotting analysis), with the increase of the active form of MMP-2, and with the active form and proform of MMP-9 (zymography analysis). CONCLUSION The present study showed that metalloproteinases, particularly MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-1, and MMP-13, are involved in the gingival extracellular matrix degradation during periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Ejeil
- Department of Non-Mineralized Tissue Physiopathology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Université René Descartes Paris V, Montrouge, France. godeau
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Patroi I, Annessi G, Girolomoni G. Mid-dermal elastolysis: a clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study of 11 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48:846-51. [PMID: 12789173 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2003.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-dermal elastolysis is a rare entity defined by the selective loss of elastic tissue in the mid dermis. Many cases appear induced or aggravated by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Pathogenesis is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to report on the clinical and histologic features of 11 patients with mid-dermal elastolysis. Moreover, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry leukocyte subsets and expression of metalloproteinase (MMP) with the potential to degrade elastic tissue in 7 cases. RESULTS All patients were women with a mean age of 31.4 years. Disease duration ranged from 4 months to 17 years. Affected areas included the trunk, neck, and upper aspect of limbs. Two patients also had Hashimoto's thyroiditis and uterine carcinoma, respectively, whereas 1 patient had undergone silicone mammoplasty. In all patients, disease onset was associated with intense UV light exposure. Moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis was observed mostly in recent lesions and was composed of CD3(+) T cells and some CD68(+) macrophages with a normal number of factor XIIIa(+) dermal dendritic cells. Elastin, but not fibrillin-1 immunoreactivity disappeared from the mid dermis. MMP-9 was detected in epidermal keratinocytes and in the cytoplasm of large, angulated, multinucleated cells located in lesional dermis. These cells were negative for leukocyte, dendritic cell, macrophage, and T-cell markers and were absent in old lesions. Staining for MMP-7 and MMP-12 did not differ from control skin. CONCLUSION Onset of mid-dermal elastolysis appears strongly associated with UV exposure, which may induce fibroblast-like cells to express MMP-9 that in turn could be involved in the degradation of elastic fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Patroi
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di vicerero e cura a carrattere scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A 31-year-old Caucasian male presented with a history of erythematous, saccular outpouchings of the skin on his back, shoulders, and upper extremities (Fig. 1). The patient reported that his mother and aunt had a similar skin disorder, which initially began with inflammation, but healed leaving lax skin in its wake. He did not recall the name of the skin condition. Physical examination revealed large confluent zones of sac-like protrusions of erythematous skin on the back and shoulders. Histopathologic examination of the excisional biopsy revealed a relatively unremarkable epidermis. Perivascular lymphocytes were present in small numbers in the papillary dermis. Adnexal structures and deep dermis remained intact. The acid-orcein-Giemsa stain highlighted the absence of elastic fibers within the mid and lower reticular dermis (Fig. 2a,b), consistent with anetoderma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean E Thomas
- Pinkus Dermatopathology Laboratory, Monroe, MI 48162, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghomrasseni S, Dridi M, Gogly B, Bonnefoix M, Vabres P, Venencie PY, Pellat B, Godeau G. Anetoderma: an altered balance between metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Am J Dermatopathol 2002; 24:118-29. [PMID: 11979071 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200204000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The amount of elastic fibers from lesional and healthy skin areas of five patients with anetoderma was determined by automated image analysis. Dermal elastic fibers were almost completely absent in anetodermic skin and preelastic fibers were undetectable or extremely rare. Organ cultures were performed using explants from affected and unaffected skin areas of the same patient. We identified and quantified proteases in the culture media of explants: MMP-1 (collagenase 1), MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases A and B), MMP-3 (stromelysin 1), MMP-7 (matrilysin 1), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. The data were compared with those of two healthy donors. For the five samples of anetodermic skin, MMP-1 levels were significantly higher compared with the uninvolved cultures and the two healthy samples. A significant increase of TIMP-1 expression was also observed in the affected cultures. We demonstrated a significant increase in the production of gelatinase A in lesional skin when compared with nonlesional skin and healthy donor samples. We found no significant production of TIMP-2 in the five samples of anetodermic skin compared with the samples from the two healthy donors. There was a significant decrease in TIMP-2 expression in the five nonlesional samples compared with the control samples. These data are in favor of an altered balance in anetodermic patients between MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Levels of MMP-9, MMP-3, and MMP-7 were significantly higher in the culture-conditioned media of the anetodermic skin samples than the nonlesional skin cultures. Because MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9 are known to degrade elastin, and MMP-3 can activate the latent forms of MMP-7 and MMP-9, we propose that these metalloproteinases also participate in the degradation of elastic fibers in anetodermic skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Ghomrasseni
- Laboratoire de physiopathologie des tissus non minéralisés, Université René Descartes-Paris V, UFR d'Odontologie, 1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Séguier S, Gogly B, Bodineau A, Godeau G, Brousse N. Is collagen breakdown during periodontitis linked to inflammatory cells and expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in human gingival tissue? J Periodontol 2001; 72:1398-406. [PMID: 11699482 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2001.72.10.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by resident and inflammatory cells in periodontal destruction is now well established. The purpose of this study was to quantify, in healthy and diseased upper gingival connective tissue, the area fraction (AA%) occupied by collagen fibers, the cell number belonging to inflammatory cell subsets, and the amounts of MMPs and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of MMPs) in order to investigate the possible correlations, if any, between such molecules, collagen loss, and inflammatory cell subsets. METHODS Gingival tissue specimens from 6 healthy controls (C) and 6 patients with severe periodontitis (P) were divided into 2 groups. The first group of specimens was frozen and used for the staining of collagen fibers by sirius red F3Ba and for immunohistochemistry with antibodies against CD8, CD4, CD22, CD68, and TIA-1 molecules. The second group was used for organ culture, zymography, Western blotting, and dot blotting. Morphometric and automated image analysis was performed for the evaluation of the area fraction occupied by collagen fibers, the number of inflammatory cell subsets and for enzymatic activities developed by MMPs, and the amounts of TIMPs expressed during periodontal disease. RESULTS In group P, the area fraction of collagen fibers (33 +/- 10%) was significantly decreased (P < 0.0002) when compared to group C (60 +/- 7%), and was correlated with the number of all inflammatory cells and amounts of MMPs and TIMPs. In group P, there were significant increases of CD8+, CD22+, CD68+, and TIA-1+ cells, as well as increases in the amounts of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and the active form of MMP-9. The active form of MMP-9 and the amount of TIMP-1 were positively correlated with the number of CD22+, CD68+, and TIA-1+ cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed an imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs associated with the pathologic breakdown of the extracellular matrix during periodontitis. The active form of MMP-9 could be a marker for the clinical severity of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Séguier
- Départment d'Anatomie Pathologique, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Paris V, Montrouge, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kasper RC, Wood GS, Nihal M, LeBoit PE. Anetoderma arising in cutaneous B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Am J Dermatopathol 2001; 23:124-32. [PMID: 11285407 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200104000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anetoderma is circumscribed atrophy of the skin due to a localized deficiency in elastic tissue. It can follow inflammatory skin diseases of several types, and occasionally is present in the skin around neoplasms. There are a few reports of anetoderma in the lesional skin of cutaneous lymphoma. We report on two patients who presented with multiple lesions of anetoderma and who later proved to have low-grade cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. One patient (Patient 1) is a 39-year-old man and the other patient is a 26-year-old woman who is a renal transplant recipient (Patient 2). Some biopsy specimens from the anetodermic skin of Patient 1 appeared to show an urticarial reaction, although plasma cells were present. A large nodule showed lymphoid follicles surrounded by plasmacytoid lymphocytes, with loss of elastic tissue in the adjacent dermis. The plasmacytoid cells stained overwhelmingly for lambda light chain, and staining of the urticarial lesions from this patient also showed a marked majority of lambda positive cells. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) rearrangements showed a dominant clonal pattern in the nodular lesion. We classified the disease in Patient 1 as marginal zone lymphoma and the disease in Patient 2 as a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Because of the intimate association of anetoderma and cutaneous B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in these two patients, it seems possible that anetoderma could result from either a local effect of the neoplastic cells or associated inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils as in Case 1. The infiltrates of Case 1 had many interstitial neutrophils and only a few clonal plasmacytoid lymphocytes, indicating that this presentation of B-cell lymphoma can be a diagnostic pitfall. Given these two cases and similar ones in the literature, biopsy of lesional skin in anetoderma should be performed to ensure that lymphomatous infiltrates are not present. Even if plasma cells are sparse, studies to detect clonality are appropriate. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma can be added to the list of associations of elastolysis and cutaneous lymphoma, which includes granulomatous slack skin (T-cell lymphoma) and cutis laxa (myeloma).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Atrophy/pathology
- Cutis Laxa/etiology
- Cutis Laxa/genetics
- Cutis Laxa/metabolism
- Cutis Laxa/pathology
- Cyclosporine/adverse effects
- DNA/analysis
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Female
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/chemistry
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/chemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/complications
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/complications
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/virology
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Skin Neoplasms/chemistry
- Skin Neoplasms/complications
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tacrolimus/adverse effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Kasper
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco 94115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Romaní J, Pérez F, Llobet M, Planagumá M, Pujol RM. Anetoderma associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: case report and review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001; 15:175-8. [PMID: 11495531 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The association of primary anetoderma (PA) with antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs; with or without criteria of primary antiphospholipid syndrome) has been observed repeatedly and a possible pathogenic significance of this asssociation has been hypothesized. We report the case of a 21-year-old-woman who developed anetodermic lesions on her upper trunk and arms. The presence of APAs was demonstrated, but no diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus were present. A review of the literature disclosed 20 previously reported patients presenting this peculiar association. Thrombotic phenomena, represented by spontaneous abortions or venous thrombosis, are a frequent complication in this setting. Taking these observations into account a systematic search for APAs in patients with PA seems advisable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Romaní
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Palamós, Girona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Child FJ, Woollons A, Price ML, Calonje E, Russell-Jones R. Multiple cutaneous immunocytoma with secondary anetoderma: a report of two cases. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143:165-70. [PMID: 10886154 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe two men with multiple erythematous dermal nodules which were clinically and histologically consistent with a diagnosis of primary cutaneous immunocytoma. Both patients exhibited the very unusual feature of secondary anetoderma occurring in spontaneously resolving lesions. There is one previous report of anetoderma in association with a plasmacytoma. The pathogenesis remains unknown but release of cytokines such as interleukin-6 may be implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Child
- Skin Tumour Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dridi S, Ghomrasseni S, Bonnet D, Aggoun Y, Vabres P, Bodemer C, Lyonnet S, de Prost Y, Fraitag S, Pellat B, Sidi D, Godeau G. Skin elastic fibers in Williams syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19991119)87:2<134::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
30
|
Gambichler T, Linhart C, Wolter M. Mid-dermal elastolysis associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.1999.tb01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
31
|
Vaalamo M, Kariniemi AL, Shapiro SD, Saarialho-Kere U. Enhanced expression of human metalloelastase (MMP-12) in cutaneous granulomas and macrophage migration. J Invest Dermatol 1999; 112:499-505. [PMID: 10201535 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of inflammatory cells such as macrophages may lead to degeneration of connective tissue matrix in various skin diseases. Macrophage metalloelastase, is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-12) capable of degrading elastin as well as various basement membrane components. To investigate the role of human macrophage metalloelastase in skin, we assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry 66 specimens representing skin diseases characterized either by changes in elastic fibers or by pronounced infiltrations of extravasating and migrating macrophages. CD68 immunostaining was performed to identify the human macrophage metalloelastase-positive cells and Weigert's Resorcin-Fuchsin staining to reveal the status of elastic fibers. We found abundant expression of human macrophage metalloelastase mRNA in macrophages in areas devoid of normal elastic fibers in granulomatous skin diseases sarcoidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, and granuloma annulare. Positive cells for human macrophage metalloelastase protein could be detected in the same regions as well as positive immunostaining for urokinase plasminogen activator. Of the other matrix metalloproteinases capable of degrading elastin, 92 kDa gelatinase colocalized with human macrophage metalloelastase, while 72 kDa gelatinase was produced by surrounding fibroblast-like cells. Furthermore, human macrophage metalloelastase was expressed by macrophages in areas with disrupted basement membrane, as assessed by type IV collagen staining, in pityriasis lichenoides and dermatitis herpetiformis. Specimens of anetoderma, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and pseudoxanthoma elasticum showed no signal for human macrophage metalloelastase. Matrilysin was not detected in any of the samples investigated. Our study suggests that human macrophage metalloelastase may contribute to elastin degradation occurring in granulomatous skin diseases and may aid macrophage migration through the epidermal and vascular basement membranes in inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vaalamo
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|