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Cherkashina OL, Morgun EI, Rippa AL, Kosykh AV, Alekhnovich AV, Stoliarzh AB, Terskikh VV, Vorotelyak EA, Kalabusheva EP. Blank Spots in the Map of Human Skin: The Challenge for Xenotransplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12769. [PMID: 37628950 PMCID: PMC10454653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the knowledge about human skin homeostasis, development, wound healing, and diseases has been accumulated from human skin biopsy analysis by transferring from animal models and using different culture systems. Human-to-mouse xenografting is one of the fundamental approaches that allows the skin to be studied in vivo and evaluate the ongoing physiological processes in real time. Humanized animals permit the actual techniques for tracing cell fate, clonal analysis, genetic modifications, and drug discovery that could never be employed in humans. This review recapitulates the novel facts about mouse skin self-renewing, regeneration, and pathology, raises issues regarding the gaps in our understanding of the same options in human skin, and postulates the challenges for human skin xenografting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L. Cherkashina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Morgun
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra L. Rippa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Kosykh
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Alekhnovich
- Federal Government-Financed Institution “National Medical Research Center of High Medical Technologies n.a. A.A. Vishnevsky”, 143421 Krasnogorsk, Russia
| | - Aleksey B. Stoliarzh
- Federal Government-Financed Institution “National Medical Research Center of High Medical Technologies n.a. A.A. Vishnevsky”, 143421 Krasnogorsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V. Terskikh
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P. Kalabusheva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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Cherkashina OL, Kosykh AV, Morgun EI, Rippa AL, Tsitrina AA, Oettinger AP, Chermnykh ES, Kalabusheva EP, Vorotelyak EA. Modeling the Regeneration of Human Skin and Hair Follicles in a Full-Thickness Xenograft. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cristóbal L, Asúnsolo Á, Sánchez J, Ortega MA, Álvarez-Mon M, García-Honduvilla N, Buján J, Maldonado AA. Mouse Models for Human Skin Transplantation: A Systematic Review. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:250-259. [PMID: 34521089 DOI: 10.1159/000516154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficient mouse models with human skin xenografts have been developed in the past decades to study different conditions of the skin. Features such as follow-up period and size of the graft are of different relevance depending on the purpose of an investigation. The aim of this study is to analyze the different mouse models grafted with human skin. A systematic review of the literature was performed in line with the PRISMA statement using MEDLINE/PubMed databases from January 1970 to June 2020. Articles describing human skin grafted onto mice were included. Animal models other than mice, skin substitutes, bioengineered skin, postmortem or fetal skin, and duplicated studies were excluded. The mouse strain, origin of human skin, graft dimensions, follow-up of the skin graft, and goals of the study were analyzed. Ninety-one models were included in the final review. Five different applications were found: physiology of the skin (25 models, mean human skin graft size 1.43 cm2 and follow-up 72.92 days), immunology and graft rejection (17 models, mean human skin graft size 1.34 cm2 and follow-up 86 days), carcinogenesis (9 models, mean human skin graft size 1.98 cm2 and follow-up 253 days), skin diseases (25 models, mean human skin graft size 1.55 cm2 and follow-up 86.48 days), and would healing/scars (15 models, mean human skin graft size 2.54 cm2 and follow-up 129 days). The follow-up period was longer in carcinogenesis models (253 ± 233.73 days), and the skin graft size was bigger in wound healing applications (2.54 ± 3.08 cm2). Depending on the research application, different models are suggested. Careful consideration regarding graft size, follow-up, immunosuppression, and costs should be analyzed and compared before choosing any of these mouse models. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of mouse models with human skin transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cristóbal
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain,
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, CIBEREHD, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés A Maldonado
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Department for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Frankfurt am Main, Academic Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Melehani JH, Duncan JA. Inflammasome Activation Can Mediate Tissue-Specific Pathogenesis or Protection in Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 397:257-82. [PMID: 27460814 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that interacts with human hosts on a spectrum from quiet commensal to deadly pathogen. S. aureus is capable of infecting nearly every tissue in the body resulting in cellulitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, brain abscesses, bacteremia, and more. S. aureus has a wide range of factors that promote infection, and each site of infection triggers a different response in the human host. In particular, the different patterns of inflammasome activation mediate tissue-specific pathogenesis or protection in S. aureus infection. Although still a nascent field, understanding the unique host-pathogen interactions in each infection and the role of inflammasomes in mediating pathogenesis may lead to novel strategies for treating S. aureus infections. Reviews addressing S. aureus virulence and pathogenesis (Thammavongsa et al. 2015), as well as epidemiology and pathophysiology (Tong et al. 2015), have recently been published. This review will focus on S. aureus factors that activate inflammasomes and their impact on innate immune signaling and bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Melehani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Duncan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Stamatas GN, Nikolovski J, Mack MC, Kollias N. Infant skin physiology and development during the first years of life: a review of recent findings based on in vivo studies. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 33:17-24. [PMID: 20807257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infant skin is often presented as the cosmetic ideal for adults. However, compared to adult skin it seems to be more prone to develop certain pathological conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Therefore, understanding the physiology of healthy infant skin as a point of reference is of interest both from the cosmetic as well as from the clinical point of view. Clinical research on healthy infants is, however, limited because of ethical considerations of using invasive methods and therefore until recently data has been scarce. Technical innovations and the availability of non-invasive in vivo techniques, such as evaporimetry, electrical impedance measurement, in vivo video and confocal microscopy, and in vivo fibre-optic based spectroscopy, opened up the field of in vivo infant skin physiology research. Studies incorporating such methods have demonstrated that compared to adult, infant skin continues to develop during the first years of life. Specifically, infant skin appears to have thinner epidermis and stratum corneum (SC) as well as smaller corneocytes at least until the second year of life. The water-handling properties are not fully developed before the end of the first year and infant SC contains more water and less amounts of natural moisturizing factors. Such findings re-evaluate the old notions that skin is fully matured at birth. Armed with this knowledge, we are in a position not only to better understand infant dermatological conditions but also to design better skin care products respecting the distinct qualities of infant skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Stamatas
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer France, 1 rue Camille Desmoulins, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
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Kim YJ, Kim MY, Lee PK, Kim HO, Park YM. Evaluation of Natural Change of Skin Function in Split-Thickness Skin Grafts by Noninvasive Bioengineering Methods. Dermatol Surg 2006; 32:1358-63. [PMID: 17083588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) are considered the mainstay for the treatment of large full-thickness wounds. There have been few studies reporting the natural change of the skin function in STSGs after procedure, however. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the natural change of the skin function in STSG using noninvasive bioengineering methods. METHODS Eighteen patients were eligible for the study. The skin functions of the graft and the control site were evaluated by an evaporimeter, corneometer, mexameter, and cutometer at Postoperation Days 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of the graft was maintained around that of the normal skin. The values of the skin hydration testing generally decreased during the follow-up period. Erythema was highly maintained for the whole period. For the pigmentation, the ratio tended to increase after 6 months. The skin pliability of the graft was abruptly decreased at 0.5 month, and it recovered from 3 to 12 months. The value did not reach that of the normal skin, however. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the STSGs had changed within the frame of the skin function, including the TEWL, epidermal hydration, color, and pliability, throughout 1 year after surgery. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam St Mar'y Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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