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Parker A, Parker MA, Schneider J, Jordaan H, Visser W. The clinicopathological spectrum of preclinical folliculitis keloidalis with correlation to its dermoscopic features: a cross-sectional analytical study. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:1371-1377. [PMID: 37735720 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folliculitis keloidalis (FK) is a chronic hair disorder commonly affecting males with afro-textured hair. It typically affects the nuchal area, but disease may also occur at extra-nuchal sites. Few studies have investigated the histopathological aspects of preclinical FK. In addition to the histopathology of preclinical FK, this article is the first to describe the dermoscopic features of preclinical FK at extra-nuchal sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in a tertiary dermatological clinic. Twenty-eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of FK were prospectively enrolled from 2014 to 2016. Dermoscopy was used to identify features that were not evident with the naked eye (preclinical). These sites were subsequently biopsied. The clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of these preclinical areas are described and correlated. RESULTS Most patients suffered a chronic disease course (mean: 7.6 years) with 57.1% (n = 16) displaying extra-nuchal involvement. Dermoscopy-guided biopsy of preclinical lesions displayed perivascular dermatitis (82.1%), folliculocentric inflammation (46.3%), and fibrosis (64.3%). Novel dermoscopic findings were perifollicular scale, perifollicular erythema and pink-white areas. The perifollicular scale was associated with fibrosis on histopathology (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This article lends further evidence for the existence of preclinical FK and describes its histological features. For the first time, it describes the dermoscopic features of preclinical FK. Dermoscopy may therefore be a useful tool to assess disease progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaaf Parker
- Dermatology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Masood Ahmed Parker
- Dermatology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johann Schneider
- Anatomical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henry Jordaan
- Dermatology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem Visser
- Dermatology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
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2
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Larrondo J, McMichael AJ. Scarring Alopecia. Dermatol Clin 2023; 41:519-537. [PMID: 37236719 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
African hair shaft and pigmented scalp have unique features that challenge diagnosis in scarring alopecia. In addition, Black patients may associate 2 or more types of hair disorders. Therefore, it is imperative to understand their findings thoroughly to establish a good diagnosis. Differential diagnosis on the frontal scalp includes traction alopecia and frontal fibrosing alopecia. Disorders such as central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution, discoid lupus erythematosus, and lichen planopilaris usually affect the middle scalp. Folliculitis decalvans, dissecting cellulitis, and acne keloidalis nuchae are the main differential diagnosis of the posterior scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Larrondo
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, 4618 Country Club Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA; Department of Dermatology, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Vitacura 5951, Santiago, 7650568, Chile
| | - Amy J McMichael
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, 4618 Country Club Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA.
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Dogru H. Traction alopecia secondary to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 89:592-594. [PMID: 37067149 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_302_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hicran Dogru
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Okoro OE, Imam A, Barminas R. Knowledge of Traction Alopecia and Hair Care Practices among Adolescents in Keffi, North-Central Nigeria. Skin Appendage Disord 2022; 8:129-135. [PMID: 35419423 PMCID: PMC8928199 DOI: 10.1159/000519145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traction alopecia (TA) is the commonest cause of hair loss among women, with a prevalence of 46.2% in Nigeria. Adequate knowledge and good hair care practices can assist in its prevention. Objective The aim of this study was to determine knowledge of both TA and hair care practices among adolescents in Keffi, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey conducted among 333 female adolescents in 3 senior secondary schools between November 2019 and February 2020. The participants were randomly selected and interviewed using a questionnaire which sought information about the knowledge of TA and hair care practices. The data were analysed using SPSS 25 statistical software. Results Overall, the knowledge score was poor in 61.4% of the adolescents. Hair plaiting 86.8% (289/333), use of chemical relaxers 68.8% (229/333), and use of hair covers 88.3% (294/333) were the predominant hair care practices. In total, 90.8% had concurrently relaxed and plaited their hair. Cornrows with own hair were the commonest hair grooming style. The use of hair attachments was believed to be the commonest cause of TA. The use of hijab was the commonest form of hair cover used. Conclusions The knowledge of TA is poor among female adolescents. A large number engaged in risky hair care practices. Interventions to reduce the knowledge gap will reduce the prevalence of TA. Key Message The knowledge of traction alopecia is poor among female adolescents in Keffi who engage in traumatic hair practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obumneme Emeka Okoro
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria,*Obumneme Emeka Okoro,
| | - Abubakar Imam
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
| | - Rachel Barminas
- Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria
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5
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Samrao A, Mirmirani P. Postpartum Telogen Effluvium Unmasking Traction Alopecia. Skin Appendage Disord 2022; 8:328-332. [PMID: 35983466 PMCID: PMC9274946 DOI: 10.1159/000521705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Telogen effluvium (TE) is a type of diffuse hair shedding that occurs 2–3 months after an exposure or trigger. The excessive hair loss may “unmask” underlying hair loss disorders such as female pattern hair loss. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> This is a case series of 3 patients with postpartum TE in which an underlying traction alopecia (TA) was revealed. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> TE can unmask underlying TA. Awareness of this phenomenon is critical to appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Samrao
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Stockton, California, USA
| | - Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- *Paradi Mirmirani,
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Ayanlowo O, Anaba E, Akinkugbe A, Otrofanowei E, Cole-Adeife O, Karami M. Folliculitis keloidalis in an urban market in Lagos, Nigeria: A community survey. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_49_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Agim NG, Morquette AJ, Heath CR. Normal Skin Findings and Cultural Practices in Pediatric Patients with Skin of Color. Dermatol Clin 2022; 40:73-81. [PMID: 34799037 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of melanocytes is fundamental to the study of dermatology. These dendritic cells underly the most feared primary cutaneous malignancy, fuel escalating progress in immunotherapy strategies, and invariably underlie entire socioeconomic constructs consciously or unconsciously based on skin tone. Various ethno-genotypes combine with increasing frequency over time, increasing the diversity of skin types that may present with dermatologic diagnoses. Understanding the biology of a variety of skin tones and ethnic practices congruent with distribution of skin tone is invaluable to any physician who wishes to practice efficient and expert care, especially to pediatric patients of this category.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra J Morquette
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Candrice R Heath
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, 5-OPB Dermatology, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Okoji UK, Agim NG, Heath CR. Features of Common Skin Disorders in Pediatric Patients with Skin of Color. Dermatol Clin 2022; 40:83-93. [PMID: 34799038 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many dermatologic conditions common in the pediatric population may have unique presentations in skin of color or occur with greater incidence. This may be due to ethnic origin, socioeconomic factors, or other influences. Awareness of the potential variations in skin of color may enhance prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and/or reassurance as indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna K Okoji
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 West Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Nnenna G Agim
- University of Texas Southwestern, 2350 North Stemmons Freeway, Dallas, TX 75220, USA
| | - Candrice R Heath
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, 5-OPB Dermatology, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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9
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Molamodi K, Fajuyigbe D, Sewraj P, Gichuri J, Sijako B, Galliano A, Laurent A. Quantifying the impact of braiding and combing on the integrity of natural African hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:321-331. [PMID: 33605448 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afro hair breakage is most commonly attributed to grooming practices such as braiding, hair extensions and weaves, both for chemically treated hair and natural Afro hair. These grooming practices are also frequently associated with traction alopecia in clinical studies. However, there is little to no quantitative scientific data on the surface and internal hair fibre damage caused by grooming, including combing, on Afro hair. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, cuticle cohesion and tensile testing were used to determine the effects of frequent braiding on the integrity of female Afro hair in 15 frequent braiders and 15 occasional braiders (control group) in Johannesburg, South Africa. Frequent braiders were women who braided more than 8 times per year, while occasional braiders typically limit braiding to only twice 2 per year. The severity of traction alopecia was quantified in both groups using the standard Marginal Traction Alopecia Scoring system. Surface damage on naturally curly Afro hair, that was combed but not braided, was assessed as another hairstyle option. RESULTS All measurements showed a relationship between surface and internal hair fibre damage and braiding frequency. Frequent braiders had thinner hair, with more cuticle damage as shown by SEM and cuticle cohesion assessments. Their hair fibres were also significantly weaker (p < 0.05), as shown by the tensile testing. In addition, they also had higher traction alopecia severity scores. In the combing impact assessment, a linear trend was observed between surface hair fibre damage and the number of combing strokes. Cuticle damage from 480 combing strokes was more severe than that from frequent braiding. CONCLUSION Frequent braiding and combing damage natural Afro hair. Quantification of damage caused by different grooming practices identifies a need to develop products that could help mitigate specific hair damage associated with grooming practices. The degree of damage and subsequent hair loss could also be minimized by education on best braiding practices to protect the hair fibre and avoid hair follicle miniaturization caused by high traction hairstyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Poonam Sewraj
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julia Gichuri
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa Sijako
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Alice Laurent
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
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10
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Samrao A, McMichael A, Mirmirani P. Nocturnal Traction: Techniques Used for Hair Style Maintenance while Sleeping May Be a Risk Factor for Traction Alopecia. Skin Appendage Disord 2021; 7:220-223. [PMID: 34055912 DOI: 10.1159/000513088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traction alopecia (TA) is a preventable form of hair loss that most commonly affects women. It is the result of chronic use of hairstyles that put tension on hair. Public health efforts to increase awareness of this condition are critical. Early recognition by health care providers, along with counseling and cessation of offending hair care practices can impact severity of hair loss. Objectives In a patient with patchy hair loss, having a high index of suspicion for TA and looking for clues in the history and exam, can help establish an accurate diagnosis. Methods Patients with afro-textured or curly hair may use various techniques to maintain their hairstyles while sleeping in order to avoid time-consuming and/or expensive hair care. This behavior is not commonly recognized or addressed. Results and Conclusions Increased awareness of "nocturnal traction" and asking patients "How do you wear your hair when you sleep?" may help identify at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Samrao
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Stockton, California, USA
| | - Amy McMichael
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology: The Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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The art of prevention: It's too tight-Loosen up and let your hair down. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:174-179. [PMID: 33937486 PMCID: PMC8072502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traction alopecia is prevalent in patients of color. Its significance in clinical practice may be underemphasized due to the transient nature of the condition; however, it has the potential to become permanent and cause significant psychosocial distress. Understanding of afro-textured hair and cultural practices, as well as early recognition and treatment, provides an opportunity to prevent permanent traction alopecia and long-term sequelae.
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12
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Dégboé B, Koudoukpo C, Habib A, Kouassi A, Djodjo M, Akpadjan F, Adégbidi H, Atadokpèdé F. [Scalp disorders in black Africans treated in a dermatology department in Cotonou (Benin): age-sex-specific epidemiological and clinical features]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:303. [PMID: 33654522 PMCID: PMC7896519 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.303.20997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction les pathologies du cuir chevelu sont fonction de plusieurs facteurs dont l´ethnie, le sexe ou l´âge. Chez le sujet noir, elles peuvent être induites par des facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques. Très peu d´études ont été réalisées dans ce groupe ethnique résidant en Afrique noire d´où l´objectif de notre enquête qui était de documenter les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des pathologies du cuir cheveu en fonction du sexe et de l´âge dans un service de dermatologie à Cotonou (Bénin). Méthodes l´étude était rétrospective et descriptive sur 7 ans et a concerné tous les dossiers des nouveaux patients reçus en consultation dans le service de dermatologie-vénérologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire (CNHU) de Cotonou dont le motif de consultation était une pathologie exclusive du cuir chevelu. Les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques ont été saisies et analysées avec le logiciel EPI-Info 7. Résultats la prévalence des pathologies du cuir chevelu était de 2,4% (181/7554). Les enfants (0-18 ans) représentaient 38,7%, soit 70 patients et les adultes 61,3%, soit 111 patients. Les enfants de 0-10 ans (54; 29,8%) et les adultes de 25-40 ans (51; 28,2%) étaient les plus touchées. Le sex-ratio était de 1,8. Les dermatoses diagnostiquées étaient non alopéciantes (10; 5,5%) ou alopéciantes (171; 94,5%) dont 82,9% (151/171) de non cicatricielles et 11,7% (20/171) de cicatricielles. Les pathologies les plus fréquentes étaient la teigne (41; 22,6%) prédominant chez les garçons de 0-10 ans, les folliculites chroniques non cicatricielles (39; 21,5%) en majorité chez les garçons de 0-5 ans et les hommes de 19-40 ans, la pelade (38; 21%) dans les deux sexes surtout entre 6-10 ans et 25-40 ans, l´alopécie de traction (17; 9,4%) exclusivement chez les femmes et surtout dans la tranche de 25-40 ans, la folliculite fibrosante de la nuque (12; 6,6%) exclusivement chez les hommes à partir de 19 ans jusqu´à 50 ans, la trichotillomanie (9; 5%) dans les deux sexes, surtout chez les enfants de 6-10 ans et chez les adultes de 25-40 ans, la folliculite épilante de Quinquaud (6; 3,3%) uniformément dans les deux sexes et surtout entre 25-40 ans. Conclusion les pathologies du cuir chevelu atteignaient avec prédilection les patients de sexe masculin avant la puberté et les adultes jeunes. Elles étaient réparties par ordre décroissant en dermatoses alopéciantes non cicatricielles, dermatoses alopéciantes cicatricielles et dermatoses non alopéciantes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Dégboé
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Christiane Koudoukpo
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou-Alibori, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Bénin
| | - Akimath Habib
- Centre de Dépistage et de Traitement de la Lèpre et de l´Ulcère de Buruli de Pobè, Fondation Raoul Follereau, Pobè, Bénin
| | - Alida Kouassi
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Masudi Djodjo
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Fabrice Akpadjan
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Hugues Adégbidi
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Félix Atadokpèdé
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
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Oyedepo JT, Katibi OS, Adedoyin OT. Cutaneous disorders of adolescence among Nigerian secondary school students. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:36. [PMID: 32774612 PMCID: PMC7388606 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.36.21089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A community-based, age-specific survey of skin disorders is usually necessary to characterize the true burden of skin disease among a given population and help to tailor health care personnel training and delivery towards the prevalent disorders in resource poor settings. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among adolescents attending secondary schools in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. A thousand and three hundred students were recruited from public and private secondary schools through a multi-staged stratified random sampling method. Information was obtained via a semi-structured questionnaire and all students underwent a physical examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Information generated was presented with tables and figures. Results The prevalence of skin disease in the study was 66.5%. More females, mid-adolescents, students in senior class and those attending public schools had skin disorders. The most prevalent skin disease were: acne vulgaris, pityriasis versicolor, tinea capitis, pityriasis capitis and traction alopecia. Conclusion Skin conditions are highly prevalent among the adolescent population. Infective and inflammatory skin conditions appear to be more prevalent than other classes. Most times, only a few skin disorders account for the bulk of dermatoses affecting this age group. Adolescent skin healthcare should be subsidized because of the high prevalence of skin disorders in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadesola Tryphena Oyedepo
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,South Shore Women's and Children's Hospital, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria
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Fernandez-Flores A, Marqués Serrano O, Serrano S, Fonseca E. True frontal alopecia in 17th-century paintings. Clin Dermatol 2020; 38:574-579. [PMID: 33280806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Paintings often show women with a clearance of the frontal hairline. We previously remarked how this was a form of pseudoalopecia that was voluntarily caused by women who shaved the frontal part of their hair for fashionable and esthetic reasons. In this paper, we emphasize in a second set of paintings showing a true alopecia that was caused by traction of the hair due to a tight hairstyle and was culturally favored in the 17th century.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salvio Serrano
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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15
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Saka B, Akakpo AS, Téclessou JN, Mouhari-Toure A, Kassang P, Gnossike P, Elegbédé Moise Y, Mahamadou G, Kpélévi KC, Kombaté K, Pitché P. [Risk factors associated with acne keloidalis nuchae, in black subjects: A case-control study]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:350-354. [PMID: 32081453 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this case-control study was to identify risk factors associated with acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN), seen in a dermatology clinic in Lomé (Togo). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a case-control study conducted from January to December 2018. Patients were recruited at outpatients dermatological clinics and controls were recruited at outpatients dermatological clinics and then in other hospital departments. RESULTS We recruited 303 consenting subjects, comprising 101 patients with AKN and 202 controls case-matched by age (±5 years). The mean patient age was 34.9±10.7 years vs. 35.6±11.2 years for controls. The most frequently observed AKN lesions were papules (73/101; 72.2%), fibrous scars (42/101; 41.5%) and folliculitis/pustules (41/101; 40.6%). In multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with AKN: excess weight (adjusted odds ratio=4.8; 95% CI=[2.3-11.7]) or obesity (OR=9.2; 95% CI=[2.1-34.2]), bleeding during hairdressing either occasionally (aOR=13.9; 95% CI=[5.1-40.0]) or systematically (aOR=22.1; 95% CI=[6.2-40.7]), hairdressing procedures less than once per week (aOR=10.1; 95% CI=[3.2-50.8]), and extremely close cropping of hair (aOR=4.9; 95% CI=[2.8-15.5]). CONCLUSION AKN is common in young adults. Excess weight or obesity, bleeding during hairdressing, and frequency and style of hairdressing are all associated factors. The results of this study stress the importance of limiting injury during hairdressing, and of refraining from shaving or cropping hair without a trimmer. Since management of AKN is extremely difficult, identification of associated risk factors allows suitable preventive approaches to be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saka
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | - A-S Akakpo
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo.
| | - J-N Téclessou
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Campus, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - P Kassang
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | - P Gnossike
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - G Mahamadou
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | - K-C Kpélévi
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | - K Kombaté
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Campus, Lomé, Togo
| | - P Pitché
- Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
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16
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Lobato-Berezo A, Tormo-Mainar S, Pujol RM. Rapunzel Alopecia: A Peculiar Form of Non-Marginal Traction Alopecia Secondary to Excessively Long Hair. Skin Appendage Disord 2020; 6:323-325. [DOI: 10.1159/000508727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traction alopecia (TA) is an underreported scarring alopecia in children and adolescents. TA occurs from chronic tensile forces on the hair and can be caused by different hairstyles that pull the hair tightly, such as regularly wearing braids, ponytails, cornrows, dreadlocks, and weaves, or by treating hair with rollers, hair extensions, or chemical relaxers.
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17
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Raffi J, Suresh R, Agbai O. Clinical recognition and management of alopecia in women of color,. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:314-319. [PMID: 31909150 PMCID: PMC6938875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain types of alopecia, such as traction alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, occur more commonly in African-American individuals than in those of other ethnicities. Both intrinsic hair qualities and hair care practices play a role. Lower baseline tensile strength, hair density, and growth rates, as well as the use of high-tension hairstyles and chemical relaxers may contribute to alopecia in this group. Alopecia can also occur as a result of discoid lupus erythematosus, which involves chronic lymphocytic infiltration and eventual scarring of the hair follicle. Lichen planopilaris is a less common cause of scarring alopecia that can appear clinically similar to other forms of cicatricial alopecia. Lastly, although not classically associated with hair loss, recent evidence indicates that seborrheic dermatitis may play a role in shedding and alopecia. Recognizing and differentiating these alopecic subtypes clinically and histopathologically is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment. This article is based on a chapter in Ethnic Skin and Hair, and intended as a supplemental article to “Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies for Hair Loss in Women of Color.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Raffi
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
- University of California, San Francisco Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Corresponding author at: University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Raagini Suresh
- University of California, San Francisco Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Oma Agbai
- University of California, Davis Department of Dermatology, Sacramento, CA, United States
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18
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Tammaro A, Caro G, Parisella FR, Magri F, Giordano D, Pigliacelli F, Persechino S. Acne keloidalis nuchae in a Caucasian young man. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:360-361. [PMID: 31001968 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tammaro
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Gemma Caro
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Magri
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Giordano
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pigliacelli
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Severino Persechino
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Traction alopecia (TA) affects one-third of women of African descent who wear various forms of traumatic hairstyling for a prolonged period of time. The risk of TA is increased by the extent of pulling and duration of traction, as well as the use of chemical relaxation. The frequent use of tight buns or ponytails, the attachment of weaves or hair extensions, and tight braids (such as cornrows and dreadlocks) are believed to be the highest risk hairstyles. TA can also occur in the setting of religious and occupational traumatic hairstyling. In its later stages, the disease may progress into an irreversible scarring alopecia if traumatic hairstyling continues without appropriate intervention. The most common clinical presentation includes marginal alopecia and non-marginal patchy alopecia. A clue to the clinical diagnosis is the preservation of the fringe sign as opposed to its loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA). Dermoscopy can be helpful in the diagnosis and can detect the ongoing traction by the presence of hair casts. Histopathology can distinguish TA from alopecia areata, FFA, and patchy central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Currently, there is no cure. Therefore, it is imperative that clinicians educate high-risk populations about TA and those practices that may convey the risk of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Billero
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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20
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East-Innis ADC, Stylianou K, Paolino A, Ho JD. Acne keloidalis nuchae: risk factors and associated disorders - a retrospective study. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:828-832. [PMID: 28664654 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaderina Stylianou
- Department of Medicine; University of the West Indies; Kingston 7 Jamaica
| | - Alexandra Paolino
- Department of Medicine; University of the West Indies; Kingston 7 Jamaica
| | - Jonathan D. Ho
- Department of Medicine; University of the West Indies; Kingston 7 Jamaica
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21
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Bolduc C, Sperling LC, Shapiro J. Primary cicatricial alopecia: Other lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias and neutrophilic and mixed primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:1101-1117. [PMID: 27846945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary cicatricial alopecias can be frustrating for both patients and physicians. Proper diagnosis guides more successful management of these challenging conditions. Part II will cover the remaining lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias, which include pseudopelade of Brocq, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, alopecia mucinosa, and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans. It will also discuss the neutrophilic and mixed primary cicatricial alopecias, namely folliculitis decalvans, dissecting cellulitis, folliculitis keloidalis, folliculitis (acne) necrotica, and erosive pustular dermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Bolduc
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Leonard C Sperling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- Department of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, New York
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22
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Updates in the understanding and treatments of skin & hair disorders in women of color. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3:S21-S37. [PMID: 28492036 PMCID: PMC5419061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin of color comprises a diverse and expanding population of individuals. In particular, women of color represent an increasing subset of patients who frequently seek dermatologic care. Acne, melasma, and alopecia are among the most common skin disorders seen in this patient population. Understanding the differences in the basic science of skin and hair is imperative in addressing their unique needs. Despite the paucity of conclusive data on racial and ethnic differences in skin of color, certain biologic differences do exist, which affect the disease presentations of several cutaneous disorders in pigmented skin. While the overall pathogenesis and treatments for acne in women of color are similar to Caucasian men and women, individuals with darker skin types present more frequently with dyschromias from acne, which can be difficult to manage. Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder seen commonly in women with darker skin types and is strongly associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic factors, and hormonal influences. Lastly, certain hair care practices and hairstyles are unique among women of African descent, which may contribute to specific types of hair loss seen in this population, such as traction alopecia, trichorrhexis nodosa and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA).
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23
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Abstract
Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) also known as folliculitis keloidalis nuchae (FKN) is a chronic form of scarring folliculitis seen mostly in men of African descent. The term AKN is commonly used even though the condition is not a keloid, and the affected individuals do not have a tendency to develop keloids in other areas of the body. It is seen in post pubertal men and is rare after the age of 55 years. A few cases have been reported in females. which has been classified as a primary cicatricial alopecia since the exact cause of acne keloidalis (AK) remains unknown. However, a few inciting agents have been suggested which include androgens, inflammation, infection, trauma, genetics, and ingrowing hairs. AK shares some similar features with other forms of cicatricial alopecia and may occur together. Papules, pustules, and sometimes tumorous masses in the nuchal or occipital regions of the scalp hence the name "bumps" evolved in the environment. Despite its common occurrence, only a few seek help in hospital when lesions start to unsightly affect the individual's quality of life. The presences of the keloidal lesions are more stressful compared to the resulting alopecia. Various attempts to reduce the bumps with corrosives, acids, and car engine oils lead to larger lesions or unsightly scars. Active lesions produce bleeding during haircuts. This is worrisome as a couple of individuals with active AK share shaving instruments at the barber shop and are at risk of acquiring or transmitting blood-borne infections. There is an urgent need to encourage safe shaving habits and treatment of lesions at onset so as to prevent unsightly lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebola Ogunbiyi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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24
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25
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Suchonwanit P, Hector CE, Bin Saif GA, McMichael AJ. Factors affecting the severity of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:e338-43. [PMID: 26769173 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a type of scarring hair loss primarily seen in African-American women. The risk factors that affect the severity of disease remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to elucidate risk factors that may be associated with severity of CCCA. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. Women with biopsy-confirmed CCCA responded to a questionnaire and were grouped according to a photographic scale of central scalp alopecia. The severity of disease was considered: grade 1 and 2 disease was interpreted as early-stage CCCA, and grade 3-5 disease was interpreted as advanced-stage CCCA. Data from the questionnaire were compared with levels of severity to determine the strength of associations with severity of disease. RESULTS A total of 38 women with biopsy-confirmed CCCA were recruited to participate in this study. Early-stage CCCA was seen in 22 subjects (57.9%), and advanced-stage CCCA was noted in 16 subjects (42.1%). The average duration of hair loss was 5.7 years in early-stage disease and 10.1 years in advanced-stage disease. There was a positive correlation between duration of hair loss and degree of hair loss (Spearman's correlation 0.471, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study reports on data sourced from patients with biopsy-confirmed CCCA and examines the relationships between various factors and severity of CCCA. The findings demonstrate that duration of hair loss is positively associated with severity of disease and that androgen-related conditions are prevalent in those affected with CCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Clare E Hector
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ghada A Bin Saif
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amy J McMichael
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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26
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Ogunbiyi A, Adedokun B. Perceived aetiological factors of folliculitis keloidalis nuchae (acne keloidalis) and treatment options among Nigerian men. Br J Dermatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ogunbiyi
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Medicine; University of Ibadan; University College Hospital; Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
| | - B. Adedokun
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
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27
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Lawson CN, Hollinger J, Sethi S, Rodney I, Sarkar R, Dlova N, Callender VD. Updates in the understanding and treatments of skin & hair disorders in women of color. Int J Womens Dermatol 2015; 1:59-75. [PMID: 28491960 PMCID: PMC5418751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin of color comprises a diverse and expanding population of individuals. In particular, women of color represent an increasing subset of patients who frequently seek dermatologic care. Acne, melasma, and alopecia are among the most common skin disorders seen in this patient population. Understanding the differences in the basic science of skin and hair is imperative in addressing their unique needs. Despite the paucity of conclusive data on racial and ethnic differences in skin of color, certain biologic differences do exist, which affect the disease presentations of several cutaneous disorders in pigmented skin. While the overall pathogenesis and treatments for acne in women of color are similar to Caucasian men and women, individuals with darker skin types present more frequently with dyschromias from acne, which can be difficult to manage. Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder seen commonly in women with darker skin types and is strongly associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic factors, and hormonal influences. Lastly, certain hair care practices and hairstyles are unique among women of African descent, which may contribute to specific types of hair loss seen in this population, such as traction alopecia, trichorrhexis nodosa and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Lawson
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Callender Dermatology & Cosmetic Center, Glenn Dale, Maryland
| | - Jasmine Hollinger
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sumit Sethi
- Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Ife Rodney
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rashmi Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Ncoza Dlova
- Department of Dermatology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Valerie D Callender
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Callender Dermatology & Cosmetic Center, Glenn Dale, Maryland
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28
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Dadzie OE, Salam A. Correlates of hair loss in adult women of African descent in London, U.K.: findings of a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1301-4. [PMID: 25998579 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O E Dadzie
- Departments of Dermatology and Histopathology, The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Pield Heath Road, Uxbridge, UB8 3NN, U.K.
| | - A Salam
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
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29
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Folliculitis keloidalis nuchae and pseudofolliculitis barbae: are prevention and effective treatment within reach? Dermatol Clin 2014; 32:183-91. [PMID: 24680005 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudofolliculitis barbae and folliculitis keloidalis nuchae are chronic follicular disorders disproportionately affecting men of African ancestry. This article explores the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention strategies of these conditions. Effective treatment and prevention of these disorders involves pharmacologic and procedural interventions as well as behavioral modifications.
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30
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31
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Mirmirani P, Khumalo NP. Traction alopecia: how to translate study data for public education--closing the KAP gap? Dermatol Clin 2014; 32:153-61. [PMID: 24680002 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traction alopecia (TA) affects up to 32% of women and 22% of high school girls with Afro-textured hair but can start in the preschool years. Traction induces inflammation and follicle damage. The risk of TA increases with symptomatic traction and combined hairstyles. To influence the practice of hairdressers and at risk individuals and help narrow the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) gap, scientific data should be translated into simple messages like "tolerate pain from a hairstyle and risk hair loss" and "no braids or weaves on relaxed hair". With appropriate education and public awareness, TA could potentially be eradicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Division of Dermatology Ward G23, Groote Schuur Hospital Main Road Observatory and the University of Cape Town, Western Province 7925, South Africa.
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32
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Abstract
Hair and scalp disorders in children may originate from the hair itself, scalp skin, or infectious causes and be congenital or acquired. The most common sign is alopecia, frequently brought on by tinea capitis, patchy alopecia areata, or trichotillomania. Sometimes less frequent and clinically more elusive conditions such as initial androgenetic alopecia, congenital triangular alopecia, or alopecia areata incognita may be responsible for hair loss. The noninvasive technique known as trichoscopy is being used more frequently, aiding in the prompt differential diagnosis and follow-up of many of these diseases, oftentimes providing further examination before a treatment decision is made. This review of trichoscopy of the main scalp and hair disorders afflicting children and adolescents discusses the most important dermoscopic criteria and the usefulness of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lencastre
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central Lisbon, Portugal
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33
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Salam A, Aryiku S, Dadzie O. Hair and scalp disorders in women of African descent: an overview. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169 Suppl 3:19-32. [PMID: 24098898 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Salam
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London U.K
| | - S. Aryiku
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Nottingham U.K
| | - O.E. Dadzie
- Department of Dermatology and Histopathology; The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust; Northwick Park Hospital; Watford Road; Harrow HA1 3UJ U.K
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34
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Khumalo NP. Folliculitis keloidalis nuchea, bleeding from haircuts, and potential HIV transmission. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51 Suppl 1:21-3, 24-6. [PMID: 23210946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur and Red Cross Children's Hospital Cape Town, South Africa.
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35
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Khumalo NP. La folliculite chéloïdienne de la nuque, les saignements liés à la coupe des cheveux et la transmission potentielle du VIH. Int J Dermatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05558_suppl.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Khumalo N, Gumedze F. Traction: risk factor or coincidence in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia? Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:1191-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) occurs primarily in African-American women and is the most common cause of scarring hair loss in this population. Since the mid 20th century, hair care practices of African-American women have been associated with CCCA, although there is developing evidence that the etiology of CCCA may be multifactorial. Clinically diagnosing CCCA may be challenging because it can resemble female pattern hair loss, alopecia areata, lichen planopilaris, or telogen effluvium. Therapeutic options are limited, thus the goal of treatment is to prevent progression of disease because once scar formation occurs, it is irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Summers
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Cleveland, OH, USA
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38
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Shapero J, Shapero H. Acne keloidalis nuchae is scar and keloid formation secondary to mechanically induced folliculitis. J Cutan Med Surg 2011; 15:238-40. [PMID: 21781632 DOI: 10.2310/7750.2011.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Khumalo NP, Gumedze F, Lehloenya R. Folliculitis keloidalis nuchae is associated with the risk for bleeding from haircuts. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:1212-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Khumalo NP. Hair care practices and scalp/hair disease in African American girls. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 64:1181-2; author reply 1182-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Shah SK, Alexis AF. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: retrospective chart review. J Cutan Med Surg 2010; 14:212-22. [PMID: 20868618 DOI: 10.2310/7750.2010.09055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA). Thus, our understanding of CCCA is largely based on anecdotal evidence. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics and hair care practices in CCCA patients. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review of patients with a clinicopathologic diagnosis of CCCA. RESULTS Medical records of 69 patients were reviewed. Of these, 97% were female. The mean ages at onset and presentation were 38.2 and 42.4 years, respectively. All subjects for whom hair care data were available had used a traumatic practice at least once, the most common being chemical relaxer. Family history data were available for 27 subjects (39%). Of these, 56% had a positive family history of hair loss. Seborrheic dermatitis was the leading concurrent diagnosis. LIMITATIONS Limitations include lack of a control group, retrospective design, and selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that CCCA primarily affects adult women of African descent. The majority of patients presented several years after onset, suggesting that efforts to encourage earlier diagnosis are warranted. Although the role of hair care remains unclear, traumatic practices were reported in all patients in our study for whom hair care was documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal K Shah
- Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's- Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
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Rucker Wright D, Gathers R, Kapke A, Johnson D, Joseph CLM. Hair care practices and their association with scalp and hair disorders in African American girls. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 64:253-62. [PMID: 20728245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have extensively examined the prevalence of hair care practices and their association with scalp and hair conditions in African American girls. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the prevalence of hair care practices and their association with traction alopecia, seborrheic dermatitis (SD), and tinea capitis (TC). METHODS A questionnaire was administered to caregivers of African American girls aged 1 to 15 years. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association of hair care practices with reported disorders. RESULTS A total of 201 surveys were completed from dermatology (n = 98) and nondermatology (n = 103) clinics. Mean patient age was 9.8 ± 4.4 years. Essentially all respondents reported use of hair oils/grease (99%). Ponytails, braids, and cornrows were worn by 81%, 67%, and 49% of girls, respectively, within the past 12 months. In all, 61% reported hair washing every 2 weeks; 80% used hot combs; and 42% used chemical relaxers. Cornrows were significantly related to traction alopecia among respondents from nondermatology clinics only: adjusted odds ratio = 5.79 (95% CI 1.35-24.8, P = .018). Hair extensions and infrequent hair oil use were significantly related to SD: adjusted odds ratio = 2.37 (95% CI 1.03-5.47, P = .04) and 3.69 (95% CI 1.07-12.7, P = .039), respectively. No significant associations were observed for TC. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and disorders reported by caregivers were limitations. CONCLUSIONS Certain hair care practices were strongly associated with development of traction alopecia and SD. No association was found between hair washing frequency and SD or TC, or between hair grease use and TC. These results can be used to inform practitioners, advise parents, and adapt treatment regimens to accommodate cultural preferences.
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Khumalo NP, Stone J, Gumedze F, McGrath E, Ngwanya MR, de Berker D. 'Relaxers' damage hair: evidence from amino acid analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62:402-8. [PMID: 20159306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Relaxers' are used by more than two thirds of African females to straighten hair, with easy grooming and increased length often cited as reasons. A recent study reported relaxed hair lengths much shorter than expected, suggesting increased fragility; the potential for scalp inflammation and scarring alopecia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the biochemical effects of 'relaxers' on hair. METHODS With informed consent, included participants represented 3 groups: natural hair, asymptomatic relaxed hair, and symptomatic (brittle) relaxed hair. Biochemical analysis was performed by using a Biochrom 30 amino acid analyzer. Differences in amino acid levels were assessed using either Wilcoxon rank sum test or matched-pairs signed-rank test. RESULTS There was a decrease in cystine, citrulline, and arginine; however, an increase in glutamine was found in all relaxed compared to natural hair. Cystine levels (milligram per gram amino acid nitrogen) were similar in natural proximal and distal hair: 14 mg/g (range, 4-15 mg/g) versus 14 mg/g (range, 12-15 mg/g); P = .139. In asymptomatic relaxed hair, cystine levels were higher in less frequently relaxed samples proximal to scalp: 7.5 mg/g (5.6-12) versus 3.3 mg/g (1.3-9.2); P = .005. Cystine levels in distal asymptomatic relaxed and symptomatic relaxed hair were similar to each other and to those in the genetic hair fragility disease trichothiodystrophy. LIMITATIONS It was not possible to analyze lye and no-lye 'relaxers' separately. CONCLUSIONS 'Relaxers' are associated with reduced cystine consistent with fragile damaged hair. A decrease in citrulline and glutamine has been associated with inflammation; prospective studies are needed to investigate whether or how 'relaxers' induce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Khumalo NP. Grooming and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62:507-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Borovicka JH, Thomas L, Prince C, Mehregan DR. Scarring alopecia: clinical and pathologic study of 54 African-American women. Int J Dermatol 2009; 48:840-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Khumalo NP, Jessop S, Gumedze F, Ehrlich R. Determinants of marginal traction alopecia in African girls and women. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:432-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Birnie A, Langan S, English J. Updates from the British Association of Dermatologists 87th Annual Meeting, 10–13 July 2007, Birmingham, U.K. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:1182-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stalder JF. Quoi de neuf en dermatologie pédiatrique ? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134 Suppl 1:8S36-52. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)80559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Khumalo NP, Jessop S, Gumedze F, Ehrlich R. Hairdressing and the prevalence of scalp disease in African adults. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:981-8. [PMID: 17725667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotal reports suggest that certain scalp disorders are common in Africans and may be associated with hairstyles. OBJECTIVES This study of 874 African adults in Cape Town was performed to test this hypothesis. METHODS A questionnaire was administered and scalp examinations performed, after ethics approval. RESULTS Participants included 30.9% men and 69.1% women (median age 36.1 years, range 18-99). Most men had natural hair: 91.7% vs. 24.3% women. The majority of men had recent haircuts (< 4 weeks): 74.8% vs. 9.9% women. The overall prevalence of acne (folliculitis) keloidalis nuchae (AKN) was 3.5%: higher in men than women (10.5% vs. 0.3%). AKN prevalence was not associated with whether clippers or blades were used. However, it was associated with haircut symptoms. Haircut-associated symptoms, i.e. at least one episode of transient pimples (or crusts) and bleeding (however small) were reported in 37% and 18.9% of men, respectively. The latter may have implications for disease transmission. Most women (58.7%) had chemically treated hair (49.2% relaxed and 9.6% permed hair) vs. 2.3% men. The prevalences of traction alopecia (TA) and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) were 22.6% and 1.9%: higher in women (31.7% vs. 2.2% and 2.7% vs. 0%, respectively). CCCA was highest in women > 50 years (6.7% vs. 1.2%). TA prevalence was highest if the usual hairstyle was extensions attached to relaxed hair (48%). CONCLUSION We found associations between specific scalp diseases, hairstyles, gender, and age. These associations need further study, better to elucidate determinants and to improve disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Khumalo
- Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
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