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Catunda RQ, Ho KKY, Patel S, Roy CB, Alexiou M, Levin L, Ulrich BJ, Kaplan MH, Febbraio M. Loricrin and Cytokeratin Disorganisation in Severe Forms of Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2023; 73:862-872. [PMID: 37316411 PMCID: PMC10658443 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the role of the cornified epithelium, the outermost layer of the oral mucosa, engineered to prevent water loss and microorganism invasion, in severe forms of periodontitis (stage III or IV, grade C). METHODS Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal disease pathogen, can affect cornified epithelial protein expression through chronic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6). We used a mouse model, Stat6VT, that mimics this to determine the effects of barrier defect on P gingivalis-induced inflammation, bone loss, and cornified epithelial protein expression, and compared histologic and immunohistologic findings with tissues obtained from human controls and patients with stage III and IV, grade C disease. Alveolar bone loss in mice was assessed using micro-computerised tomography, and soft tissue morphology was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively assessed by histologic examination for several proteins, including loricrin, filaggrin, cytokeratin 1, cytokeratin 14, a proliferation marker, a pan-leukocyte marker, as well as morphologic signs of inflammation. Relative cytokine levels were measured in mouse plasma by cytokine array. RESULTS In the tissues from patients with periodontal disease, there were greater signs of inflammation (rete pegs, clear cells, inflammatory infiltrates) and a decrease and broadening of expression of loricrin and cytokeratin 1. Cytokeratin 14 expression was also broader and decreased in stage IV. P gingivalis-infected Stat6VT mice showed greater alveolar bone loss in 9 out of 16 examined sites, and similar patterns of disruption to human patients in expression of loricrin and cytokeratins 1 and 14. There were also increased numbers of leukocytes, decreased proliferation, and greater signs of inflammation compared with P gingivalis-infected control mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that changes in epithelial organisation can exacerbate the effects of P gingivalis infection, with similarities to the most severe forms of human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Queiroz Catunda
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Ka-Yan Ho
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Srushti Patel
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Bryant Roy
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Alexiou
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liran Levin
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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2
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Gao X, Li H, Zhao S, Li X, Zhao J, Long Y, Zhang J, Liao Y, Li S, Guo K, Yi J, Chen S, Ma M. The c.323 G>C mutation in LORICRIN causes new-found late-onset autosomal dominant loricrin keratoderma in a Chinese Han Pedigree. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:37-44. [PMID: 35346558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loricrin keratoderma is a rare early-onset autosomal dominant skin disorder. At present, no clinical reports have been published on characteristics of progressive aggravation and late-onset. OBJECTIVES To identified a new-found pedigree with c.323 G>C mutation leading to progressive aggravation and late-onset loricrin keratoderma. METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing of 267 genes associated with all skin abnormalities, sanger sequencing, and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the mutation in this new-found pedigree. Palm skin biopsy was used to observe the clinicopathological features of patient. Further, we constructed pcDNA3.1/V5-His-wild-LORICRIN, pcDNA3.1/V5-His-c.323G>C-LORICRIN, and pcDNA3.1/V5-His-730insG-LORICRIN vectors, nucleofected into HaCaT strain to observe the subcellular localization of loricrin by using the laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS The proband and his affected father carried a heterozygous c.323 G>C missense mutation (p.Gly108Ala) on LORICRIN. Bioinformatics analysis hinted that it had potential pathogenicity; the types of ligands, enzyme commission active sites, and the spatial structure of protein changed enormously. Laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that the signals from cells transfected with the pcDNA3.1/V5-His-730insG-LORICRIN vector were distributed mainly in the nucleus, whereas those from cells transfected with the pcDNA3.1/V5-His-c.323G>C-LORICRIN vector were mainly located in the cytoplasm. Wild type loricrin was distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm homogeneously CONCLUSION: The heterozygous c.323G>C missense mutation on LORICRIN caused late-onset and progressive loricrin keratoderma in this large Chinese family. Our study revealed that a large number of loricrin gathered in the cytoplasm may disturb the normal proliferation and terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and lead to the late-onset loricrin keratoderma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of endocrinology, Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Songhua Zhao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiabin Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Long
- Experiment Medicine Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengbiao Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shaokun Chen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Mingyi Ma
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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3
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Baaniya B, Agrawal S. Exploring Pseudoainhum in Camisa syndrome. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04995. [PMID: 34721860 PMCID: PMC8538013 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediate treatment of Camisa syndrome with systemic retinoids or surgery helps to prevent loss of digits. Here, we report a case of Camisa syndrome with pseudoainhum in the fifth toe leading to amputation as timely treatment was not sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibisha Baaniya
- Junior ResidentB.P. Koirala Institute of Health SciencesDharanNepal
| | - Sudha Agrawal
- Department of Dermatology and VenerologyB.P. Koirala Institute of Health SciencesDharanNepal
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4
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Catunda R, Rekhi U, Clark D, Levin L, Febbraio M. Downregulation von Loricrin und epitheliale Erkrankungen: ein systematischer Überblick. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:1227-1238. [PMID: 31885179 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14001_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Catunda
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
| | - Umar Rekhi
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
| | - Danielle Clark
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
| | - Liran Levin
- School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
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5
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Catunda R, Rekhi U, Clark D, Levin L, Febbraio M. Loricrin downregulation and epithelial-related disorders: a systematic review. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:1227-1238. [PMID: 31846220 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loricrin downregulation has been associated with age-related changes as well as inherited and inflammatory skin diseases. We hypothesize that changes in loricrin could be more related to altered barrier function and consequently disorders that affect epithelial cells, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), erythrokeratoderma, loricrin keratoderma (LK) and periodontitis. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known about the association between loricrin downregulation and epithelial-related disorders (ERDs). A search was performed on the following databases: Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar, resulting in 16 included articles. Loricrin keratoderma was the ERD most frequently associated with loricrin mutations (730insG, 709insC and 578insG; 5/7 cases - 71.44 %). Atopic dermatitis was the ERD most frequently associated with loricrin downregulation (2/7 cases - 28.6 %). Mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma, progressive symmetrical erythrokeratoderma and a new type of erythrokeratoderma were not associated with any mutations. At the gene level, periodontitis patients showed the highest decrease (-6.89x), followed by AD (-6.5x) and psoriasis patients (-0.5x). In summary, loricrin mutation and downregulation were associated with several ERDs. The diversity in disease presentation is likely related to whether there is a total loss of loricrin, mislocalization and/or if the mutant form of loricrin causes dysfunction of other proteins and/or changes in cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Catunda
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Umar Rekhi
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danielle Clark
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liran Levin
- School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medecine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Muñoz-Aceituno E, Nogera-Morel L, Torrelo A, Hernandez-Martin A. Mild collodion baby as a presenting sign of loricrin keratoderma: report of a case and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:395-398. [PMID: 31595526 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Muñoz-Aceituno
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Nogera-Morel
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Hernandez-Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Suzuki S, Nomura T, Miyauchi T, Takeda M, Fujita Y, Nishie W, Akiyama M, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Shimizu H. Somatic recombination underlies frequent revertant mosaicism in loricrin keratoderma. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800284. [PMID: 30718378 PMCID: PMC6362306 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that revertant mosaicism frequently occurs in loricrin keratoderma and that somatic recombination is the major mechanism underlying this therapeutically important phenomenon. Revertant mosaicism is a phenomenon in which pathogenic mutations are rescued by somatic events, representing a form of natural gene therapy. Here, we report on the first evidence for revertant mosaicism in loricrin keratoderma (LK), an autosomal dominant form of ichthyosis caused by mutations in LOR on 1q21.3. We identified two unrelated LK families exhibiting dozens of previously unreported white spots, which increased in both number and size with age. Biopsies of these spots revealed that they had normal histology and that causal LOR mutations were lost. Notably, dense single nucleotide polymorphism mapping identified independent copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity events on chromosome 1q extending from regions centromeric to LOR to the telomere in all investigated spots, suggesting that somatic recombination represents a common reversion mechanism in LK. Furthermore, we demonstrated that reversion of LOR mutations confers a growth advantage to cells in vitro, but the clinically limited size of revertant spots suggests the existence of mechanisms constraining revertant clone expansion. Nevertheless, the identification of revertant mosaicism in LK might pave the way for revertant therapy for this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshinari Miyauchi
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masae Takeda
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Guerra L, Castori M, Didona B, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part I. Non-syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas: classification, clinical and genetic features. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:704-719. [PMID: 29489036 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) indicates any form of persistent thickening of the epidermis of palms and soles and includes genetic as well as acquired conditions. We review the nosology of hereditary PPKs that comprise an increasing number of entities with different prognoses, and a multitude of associated cutaneous and extracutaneous features. On the basis of the phenotypic consequences of the underlying genetic defect, hereditary PPKs may be divided into the following: (i) non-syndromic, isolated PPKs, which are characterized by a unique or predominant palmoplantar involvement; (ii) non-syndromic PPKs with additional distinctive cutaneous and adnexal manifestations, here named complex PPKs; (iii) syndromic PPKs, in which PPK is associated with specific extracutaneous manifestations. To date, the diagnosis of the different hereditary PPKs is based mainly on clinical history and features combined with histopathological findings. In recent years, the exponentially increasing use of next-generation sequencing technologies has led to the identification of several novel disease genes, and thus substantially contributed to elucidate the molecular basis of such a heterogeneous group of disorders. Here, we focus on hereditary non-syndromic isolated and complex PPKs. Syndromic PPKs are reviewed in the second part of this 2-part article, where other well-defined genetic diseases, which may present PPK among their phenotypic manifestations, are also listed and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PPKs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - B Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area and Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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Hotz A, Bourrat E, Hausser I, Haftek M, da Silva MV, Fischer J. Two novel mutations in the LOR gene in three families with loricrin keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1158-62. [PMID: 25234742 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hotz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Rorke EA, Adhikary G, Young CA, Roop DR, Eckert RL. Suppressing AP1 factor signaling in the suprabasal epidermis produces a keratoderma phenotype. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:170-180. [PMID: 25050598 PMCID: PMC4268309 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Keratodermas comprise a heterogeneous group of highly debilitating and painful disorders characterized by thickening of the skin with marked hyperkeratosis. Some of these diseases are caused by genetic mutation, whereas other forms are acquired in response to environmental factors. Our understanding of signaling changes that underlie these diseases is limited. In the present study, we describe a keratoderma phenotype in mice in response to suprabasal epidermis-specific inhibition of activator protein 1 transcription factor signaling. These mice develop a severe phenotype characterized by hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and impaired epidermal barrier function. The skin is scaled, constricting bands encircle the tail and digits, the footpads are thickened and scaled, and loricrin staining is markedly reduced in the cornified layers and increased in the nucleus. Features of this phenotype, including nuclear loricrin localization and pseudoainhum (autoamputation), are characteristic of the Vohwinkel syndrome. We confirm that the phenotype develops in a loricrin-null genetic background, indicating that suppressed suprabasal AP1 factor function is sufficient to drive this disease. We also show that the phenotype regresses when suprabasal AP1 factor signaling is restored. Our findings suggest that suppression of AP1 factor signaling in the suprabasal epidermis is a key event in the pathogenesis of keratoderma.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/metabolism
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Ainhum/genetics
- Ainhum/metabolism
- Ainhum/pathology
- Animals
- Constriction, Pathologic/genetics
- Constriction, Pathologic/metabolism
- Constriction, Pathologic/pathology
- Epidermis/pathology
- Epidermis/physiology
- Female
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/metabolism
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/genetics
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/metabolism
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Rorke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina A Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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11
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Yeh JM, Yang MH, Chao SC. Collodion baby and loricrin keratoderma: a case report and mutation analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 38:147-50. [PMID: 22831754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) comprise a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of genodermatoses, which share the characteristic of impaired epidermal differentiation, resulting in prominent palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Molecular genetic analyses have helped characterize the underlying genetic defects in an increasing number of hereditary PPKs over the past two decades, and thus a pathophysiological classificaiton seems more reasonable. Today PPK can be classified based on defects in keratins, loricrin, desmosomes, connexins and cathepsins. In this report, we describe a 22-year-old man who had been born a collodion baby, and later developed diffuse PPK with pseudoainhum and generalized ichthyosis. His mother and grandmother had similar characteristics. Direct sequencing of genomic DNA identified a frameshift insertion mutation (730insG) in the loricrin gene. This family had the typical presentation of loricrin keratoderma. It also indicates that collodion baby may be the first presentation in patients with loricrin keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, China
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12
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YONEDA K, DEMITSU T, MANABE M, IGARASHI J, KOSAKA H, INAGAKI N, TAKAHASHI H, KON A, KAKURAI M, KUBOTA Y. Expression of wild-type, but not mutant, loricrin causes programmed cell death in HaCaT keratinocytes. J Dermatol 2010; 37:956-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Yoneda K, Demitsu T, Nakai K, Moriue T, Ogawa W, Igarashi J, Kosaka H, Kubota Y. Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in a cellular model of loricrin keratoderma. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16184-94. [PMID: 20236940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.056424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Loricrin is a major constituent of the epidermal cornified cell envelope. Recently, heterozygous loricrin gene mutations have been identified in two dominantly inherited skin diseases, Vohwinkel syndrome with ichthyosis and progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma, collectively termed loricrin keratoderma. We generated stable HaCaT cell lines that express wild-type (WT) loricrin and a mutant form found in Vohwinkel syndrome with ichthyosis, using an ecdysone-inducible promoter system. The cells expressing the mutant loricrin grew more rapidly than those expressing WT loricrin after induction for 5 days. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that phospho-Akt occurred in the nucleolus where the mutant loricrin was also located. The level of activity of Akt kinase was about nine times higher in cells with the mutant than in those with WT loricrin. ERK1/2, the epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 and Stat3 were all phosphorylated in cells with the mutant loricrin. The docking proteins, Gab1 and c-Cbl, were also tyrosine-phosphorylated in these cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Stat3 protein bound to the VEGF promoter in cells with the mutant. Thus, this study suggests that VEGF release and the subsequent activation of VEGF receptor 2 link loricrin gene mutations to rapid cell proliferation in a cellular model of loricrin keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Yoneda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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